Duan Dechang

Duan Dechang

Duan Dechang (1904-1933) was born on August 19, 1904 in rocket village, Nanzhou Town, Nanxian County, Hunan Province. He was a commander and strategist of the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants. Duan Dechang founded Xinhua Middle School in 1924, joined the Communist Youth League of China in the second year, and transferred to the Communist Party of China in the same year. After the May 30th massacre, he initiated and organized the "Qinghu massacre Nanxian snow disgrace society", joined the Communist Party of China and studied in the fourth phase of Huangpu Military Academy; later, he worked in the Political Department of the first division of the Eighth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, participated in the Northern Expedition, led the guerrilla struggle and created guerrilla bases. In 1933, he was falsely accused and arrested by Xia Xi in the "Anti Japanese campaign" and killed in Badong, Hubei Province. He was only 29 years old.

In 1952, Mao Zedong personally issued the No.1 martyr certificate of the Central People's Government of the people's Republic of China for Duan Dechang; later, the Central Military Commission listed Duan Dechang as one of the 36 militarists in the history of the Republic; in 2009, Duan Dechang was rated as "100 heroes and models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China" by 11 departments including the Central Propaganda Department and the central organization department.

Life of the characters

Childhood

Duan Dechang was born in August 1904 in jiudushan Jiuwu factory of Nanzhou (now Nanxian county), Hunan Province. His father was a new-type intellectual and attached great importance to Duan Dechang's education. Duan Dechang began to study in private school at the age of 7 and then transferred to primary school. At the age of 18, he graduated from Nanxian No.1 Primary School and was admitted to Changsha Jacob middle school He had close contacts with Liu Gefei, Peng Ling, Zhu Dengying, Ou Yangxian and other revolutionary youths who studied in Changsha in Nanxian and Huarong. He had organized a Marxist study group to study the Communist Manifesto, the state and revolution and other works, and read the new youth and other progressive publications. In 1923, Duan Dechang's father died of illness, and his family lost their source of income. Duan had to drop out of school and return home.

Youth

In 1924, he and he Changgong founded Xinhua middle school together in Huarong, and served as the deputy director of the school board and English teacher to spread the idea of progress. In 1925, he was transferred to the English teacher of the first primary school in Nanxian county. He came into contact with the guide, New Youth and other progressive books and periodicals, and was influenced by the Communist thought. After the May 30th massacre, he and the progressive youths organized the "snow shame meeting of Nanxian County in the Qinghu Massacre". They often went to the riverside docks and traffic arteries of the county to ban foreign goods. In June, he joined the Communist Youth League of China. Later, he went to Guangzhou and studied in the fourth Huangpu Military Academy and the central political workshop.

Revolutionary years

After graduating in June 1926, Duan Dechang worked in the Political Department of the 1st division of the 8th Army of the national revolutionary army. After the "Zhongshan warship incident", he was expelled from the military academy by the Kuomintang rightists and transferred to the central political workshop sponsored by Mao Zedong and Li Fuchun. After graduation, he took part in the Northern Expedition and successively served as Secretary General of the Political Department of the fifth division and the second division of the Eighth Army of the national revolutionary army.

In 1927, Duan Dechang served as a party representative of the second regiment of the third division of the 20th army of the National Revolutionary Army, and took part in the Nanchang Uprising on August 1. Under the guidance of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China of Hubei Province, Duan Dechang carried out the revolutionary land uprising. After the restoration of the public security county Party committee, he served as secretary of the county Party committee, member of the West Hubei special committee and Secretary of the Communist Youth League special committee.

On the eve of the Spring Festival in 1928, Duan Dechang successfully organized and led the nianguan riot in Gongan County, ignited the revolutionary torch on both sides of Jingjiang River, organized peasant armed forces and launched guerrilla war. In May of the same year, he led the guerrillas across the Yangtze River and set up the foundation of the Honghu base. Later, Duan Dechang, together with Zhou Yiqun and he long, became the main founder of the revolutionary base in Western Hunan and Hubei. Later, Peng Dehuai, head of the 1st regiment of the 5th Hunan independent division of the Kuomintang army, was introduced to join the Communist Party of China.

Since June 1928, Duan Dechang has been a member of the West Hubei special committee of the Communist Party of China, chief of staff of the West Hubei guerrilla general force and division chief of the independent division. He led his department to establish guerrilla bases in the border area of Jianli and Mianyang.

In the spring of 1929, Duan Dechang led the Honghu guerrillas into Jiangling, Shishou and Jianli to carry out guerrilla war, and established the red regime in the three counties. In August, the western Hubei guerrilla Corps was established, with Duan Dechang as chief of staff and chief of the future generations. In guerrilla warfare, Duan Dechang, together with Zhou Yiqun, pioneered the guerrilla tactics of "when the enemy comes, we fly, when the enemy goes, we return, when the enemy is more, we run, when the enemy is less", which is similar to the principle of "when the enemy advances, we retreat, we disturb, when the enemy is tired, we fight, when the enemy retreats, we pursue" put forward by Mao Zedong in December 1930. At the end of the same year, the western Hubei guerrilla Corps was expanded into the red only Division, with Duan Dechang as its division commander.

In February 1930, the Sixth Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army was established in Wangjiaqiao, Jianli County. Duan Dechang served as deputy commander and commander of the first column. After that, he, commander Kuang Jixun and political commissar Zhou Yiqun led the 6th Red Army across the Jingjiang River to create the Western Hunan Hubei Soviet Area with Honghu as the center, basically connecting the Soviet areas of Jiangling, Shishou, Jianli, Mianyang, Qianjiang and other counties, and the Honghu Soviet Area, the center of the Western Hunan Hubei revolutionary base, was officially born. In July of the same year, the 2nd Red Army was founded. Duan Dechang served as political commissar of the 6th Red Army, and soon became commander of the army. They successively led the troops to fight eastward and southward, and they expanded the Soviet Area in Huarong, Nanxian and Gongan.

On July 4, 1930, Duan Dechang proposed to consolidate the new Soviet Area and stop the southern expedition, which was rejected by the central representative. As a result, not only the new Soviet area but also the old Honghu base area were lost. In the face of unfavorable situation, Duan Dechang and he long strongly advocated returning to Honghu and revitalizing the base area, but they were rejected.

At the beginning of December 1930, Duan Dechang was transferred to the chief of the Red Guard of the Western Hunan Hubei United county government. The 2nd Red Army lost the battle in Yanglin city. He gathered some of the lost Red Army soldiers and the wounded to return to Honghu. He soon got in touch with Zhou Yiqun, Secretary of the Western Hunan Hubei special committee, and gathered nearly 1000 Red Army soldiers who had returned to Honghu Su district to form the new 6th Army (later changed into an independent regiment) He served as commander of the army and Zhou Yiqun as political commissar. Under the severe situation of "encirclement and suppression" by the Kuomintang army, it adopted the tactics of "avoiding its main force and attacking its weakness", flexibly annihilated the enemy in the movement, successively defeated the first and second "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army, restored and consolidated the Honghu Soviet Area, and strengthened the Red Army and local armed forces.

From 1 to May 1931, the Kuomintang mobilize the strength of the five brigades and launched two large-scale encirclement and suppression campaigns in the Soviet Area of Honghu, and most of the Soviet areas were occupied by the enemy. After Duan Dechang returned to Honghu, he led the new Sixth Army and the Red Guard Corps. He adopted the tactics of "only fighting empty, not fighting solid; if he is defeated, he will win". He flexibly and flexibly dealt with the enemy, smashed the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" and restored the Honghu Soviet area. The new Sixth Army also developed to more than 2000 people. After March, the CPC Central Committee headed by Wang Ming sent Xia Xi to take charge of the work in Western Hunan and Hubei. The new Sixth Army was reorganized into the ninth division of the third Red Army, and Duan served as division commander. After Zhou Yiqun died, Duan Dechang became the main leader of Honghu Soviet area.

In April 1931, the second Red Army was reorganized into the third army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, and Duan Dechang served as the division commander of the 9th red division. In the summer of the same year, the Kuomintang government launched the third "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Honghu Soviet area. Duan Dechang led the 26th regiment of the ninth red division to the north to open up the Tianmen Qianjiang Soviet Area, smashed the enemy in the north of Honghu, and successfully welcomed the Helong red army into Honghu. In November of the same year, Duan Dechang represented the Honghu Soviet Area at Ruijin's first National Congress of workers, peasants and soldiers, and was elected as the executive director of the central workers' and peasants' democratic government Member of the executive board. In the first half of 1932, in the process of smashing the third "encirclement and suppression", Duan Dechang led the red ninth division to win the three battles of longwangji, wenjiadun and Xingouzui, annihilating more than 10000 enemies and handing in more than 10000 guns. Since then, the army and people in the base areas of Western Hunan and Hubei gave Duan Dechang the good name of "ever victorious general".

In the first half of 1932, Duan Dechang led the 9th division of Red Army. By combining guerrilla warfare with mobile warfare, Duan Dechang successively won the battles of longwangji, wenjiadun and Xingouzui, defending and expanding the Soviet area. In the autumn of the same year, due to the wrong guidance of "left" adventurism, the fourth "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army was not defeated, and the third army was forced to leave Honghu Soviet area. He led the red 9 division to take on the arduous tasks of blocking and breaking the enemy's rear line. After passing through southwest Henan, southern Shaanxi, Sichuan and Hubei, he fought for more than 3500 kilometers and arrived at Hunan and Hubei in late December.

Sacrifice by mistake

In 1933, Duan Dechang was falsely accused as a "reformist" by Xia Xi, a "left" representative, during the third "anti rebellion" movement in the Western Soviet Area of Hunan and Hubei. On May 1 of the same year, he was mistakenly killed in Jiangjia village, jinguoping, Badong County, Hubei Province. He was only 29 years old.

member of family

Anecdotes and allusions

Confucian generals and talents

Duan Dechang not only had excellent military ability, but also was a famous Confucian general. In 1914, when he was 10 years old, he became famous for his poems and couplets. One day, Yan Shijie, director of Nanxian School of persuasion, visited the Wude library where Duan Dechang was studying. After hearing the introduction of Duan Dechang from private school, he was full of praise. Therefore, a couplet was issued to ask Duan Dechang to fight: "Confucius, Guan, the two masters, the Holy Spirit and Wei De, unite the world together.". After hearing this, Duan Dechang stood up in no hurry and said to him, "write the spring and Autumn Annals, watch the spring and Autumn Annals, a spring and Autumn Annals, and the temple incense will last forever.". After hearing this, Yan Shijie even praised Duan Dechang as a genius.

After Duan was appointed commander of the sixth Red Army, he captured the local "baijihui" bandit leader in a battle in Honghu

Chinese PinYin : Duan De Chang