Li Jingfang

Li Jingfang

Li Jingfang (from June 6, 1855 to September 28, 1934) was born in Dongxiang, Hefei (now from the ancestral hall Ying Village, MODIAN Township, Yaohai District, Hefei). He was originally the son of Li Zhaoqing, the sixth younger brother of Li Hongzhang, and later adopted him as his eldest son.

In his early years, he studied in his hometown. Later, he became an excellent student in Fu Xue (a scholar), so he was listed as a candidate doctor. In 1882, he was elected in the Jiangnan Rural examination (ranked 38th) and became a candidate for local officials (he was successively appointed as the provincial governor, provincial governor, Jiangsu governor and military aircraft Office). After Li Hongzhang was ordered to handle the Tianjin religious case and moved to Tianjin, the Yamen was located in Gangqiao area at the junction of Haihe River and South Canal (now the area of ligongci Street). He successively served as Minister of Japan, Minister of Britain, and Minister of the Ministry of post.

overview

Li Jingfang, the eldest son of Li Hongzhang, adopted by his younger brother Li Zhaoqing, was born on June 6, 1855. He was named boxing, named Duanfu, Fu Xuesheng, and was a candidate doctor. In 1882, he was the 38th candidate in the Jiangnan Rural examination, and was supplemented by a prefect in different provinces. He served as the counsellor of the U.S. Secretary of state for the mission, supplemented the use of Taoism by provinces, and added two kinds of top wear. Appreciation of Hualing, Jiangsu supplementary Road, military aircraft department records. The imperial envoy was sent to the Minister of Japan. In 1895, he was appointed as the councilor of the plenipotentiary minister who negotiated the peace treaty of Japan. After being assassinated, Hong Zhang served as minister in full power and negotiated the Treaty of Shimonoseki. On May 10 of the same year, he served as the special Minister of header, and was sent to Russia as the first-class special envoy and counsellor. On May 26th, 1896, the princess of the Netherlands presented the banknote star. On June 26, the queen presented a second-class Victoria star. In 1897, Hongzhang baojingfang was appointed as an envoy of Britain and Germany. The purpose of this paper is to make the Taoists easy to release when they are short. The special purpose is to use sipingjing hall as an alternate. He was sent to Shanghai to handle the business contract with him. Anhui Provincial Railway General Office. He is a counsellor of the Minister of Shanghai Nanjing railway and an imperial envoy to Britain. The second-class and the first-class Double Dragon Star. Acting postmaster general. He was appointed Minister of imperial examination. I'm a senior official. On his deathbed, the memorial mentioned Li Jingfang, minister to the UK,

“

My son can't bear the heavy responsibility of managing prescriptions

”

In his later years, Jingfang lived in Dalian and wrote a volume of railway map of Anhui Province in Qing Dynasty. He died in Dalian. He was buried in Shanghai Wanguo cemetery in 1940.

Life of the characters

In the first year of tongzhi (1862), Li Hongzhang was 40 years old and had no son. He adopted Li Jingfang as his successor. In 1864, Li Hongzhang gave birth to his own son, Li Jingshu. He still took Li Jingfang as his successor and called him "da'er". In 1877, Li Jingfang and Li Jingshu studied in the governor's Yamen of Zhili, Tianjin. Li Hongzhang entrusted Hong Rukui to hire famous teachers for them and devote themselves to the imperial examination. Later, he studied English with Zhu Jingshan and baidike. Li Hongzhang was very fond of the idea that "the weak crown makes up for the government's learning and food.". In August of 1882, Li Jingfang passed the examination and donated money to the prefect to make up for it. However, he did not wait in other provinces, and stayed in the Yamen of Beiyang minister to handle diplomatic affairs with Li Hongzhang. In the summer of 1886, he went to Britain with Liu Ruifen, the imperial envoy to Britain, to serve as a counsellor. In February of 1889, he returned to China to take part in the examination. The following year, he took up the post of minister of Japan as an envoy. During his diplomatic mission to Japan, Li Jingfang had a very close relationship with the Japanese government and the opposition, and played the role of Zheng Xiaoxu as an entourage and deputy consul of Tsukiji. On June 24, 1891, Ding Sheng's mother, Guo Shi, asked for leave to return home to observe the system, and Wang fengzao acted as an envoy to Japan. In August 1892, the Qing government granted Wang fengzao an imperial envoy to Japan, and Li Jingfang returned to Tianjin.

In 1894, the Sino Japanese War of 1894 broke out, and the Qing government was defeated. It was forced to negotiate peace with Japan. Zhang Yinhuan, the left servant of the Ministry of household affairs, and Shao Youlian, the governor of Hunan Province, were sent to negotiate, but they were rejected. Li Hongzhang was appointed minister in full power. On February 23, 1895, Li Jingfang, Ma Jianzhong, Wu Tingfang and Luo Fenglu arrived in Shimonoseki, Japan with Li Hongzhang, and began negotiations with ITO Bowen. On the 28th, at the end of the third meeting, a Japanese ronin assassinated Li Hongzhang with a pistol, hitting his left cheek bone, bleeding continuously, and the bullet was not taken out, so he was immediately stunned. On March 12, the Qing government appointed Li Jingfang as the minister with full power to negotiate with Japan. Ito Bowen used coercion and other means to restrict Li Jingfang to reply immediately. On March 23, Li Jingfang, Li Hongzhang, ITO Bowen and Lu aozongguang signed the Sino Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki at Chunfan tower of Shimonoseki.

On April 24, Emperor Guangxu ordered Li Jingfang to go to Taiwan to hand over the issue of ceding Taiwan. Li Hongzhang urged the Qing government to take back the order. Emperor Guangxu not only refused, but also severely reprimanded him. On the 7th of May, Li Jingfang took Ma Jianzhong, Wu Guangjian, and kostar to Taiwan from Shanghai. On the 10th, Li Jingfang and his Japanese representative, Huashan Ziji, handled the handover on the Japanese warship outside Keelung. Li Jingfang left Taiwan that day and stayed away from Shanghai, unwilling to return to Beijing.

In the face of Japan's rampant aggression, Weng Tonghe, Liu Kunyi, Zhang Zhidong, sun Yuwen and other ministers advocated close ties with Russia to resist Japan, which was approved by Empress Dowager Cixi. When Alexander, the Russian Czar, died and Nicholas II succeeded, the Qing government sent Wang Zhichun to congratulate him on his coronation. On December 27, 1895, Li Hongzhang was appointed special envoy. On the same day, Li Hongzhang submitted to the Qing government a letter of plea to Russia, asking to take back his life, which was rejected by the Qing government, so Li Hongzhang had to accept the mission.

On the 13th of the first month of the 22nd year (1896), Li Hongzhang submitted the accompanying film of Li Jingfang, saying that he was far away from his native land when he was old. The imperial court specially ordered Li Jingshu to accompany him, showing sympathy for Zhou Zhi and feeling inexplicable. However, Li Jingshu had been studying for many years, but he had no contact with westernization. This time, he could only borrow his qualifications. Since he was a child, he also studied foreign languages. Later, he served as a counsellor in Britain, went to European countries, and served as an envoy to Japan. He had more experience in foreign affairs, so he asked the Qing government to approve his accompanying. Li Jingfang then served as Li Hongzhang's entourage with the title of Jiangsu cunji road. Arrived in Petersburg on March 18. On the 22nd, the Tsar met with Li Hongzhang in Huangcun village and asked whether the wounds in Maguan had healed. On the 25th, in the name of returning to the palace to accept gifts, the Tsar made an exception and secretly summoned Li Hongzhang, asking him to bring only Li Jingfang as an interpreter and not let others know about the construction of Railways in China. After repeated negotiations, on April 15, the premier's office held a special meeting to discuss the Sino Russian secret treaty, and decided to comply with it. On the 17th, Weng Tonghe went to Zhang Yinhuan's house to generate electricity for confidentiality. On the 18th, Li Hongzhang received a telegram: "the friendship between China and Russia has been encrypted since then, and Li Hongzhang has been appointed Minister of plenipotentiary to make a pledge with Russia's external ministers.". On April 22, Li Hongzhang led Li Jingfang, Li Jingshu and Luo Fenglu to the Ministry of foreign affairs of Russia. He, robanov and Witte read each other's plenipotentiary edicts, and re edited the Chinese and Russian treaties. Each of them drew and sealed the secret treaty between China and Russia (full name of the treaty on mutual assistance between Chinese and Russian enemies).

On April 26, Li Hongzhang said goodbye to the czar. The Czar asked Li Hongzhang to bring Li Jingfang to meet twice for a quarter of an hour. On the first day of May, Li Jingfang boarded the bus with Li Hongzhang and transferred to Germany. On the second day of his arrival in Berlin, Li Hongzhang led Li Jingfang to meet with the German Emperor and submit his credentials. On May 24, he left Berlin for Holland, then went to Brussels, the capital of Belgium, and then visited Paris, the capital of France. On June 23, Li Hongzhang, Li Jingfang and others arrived in England to meet the queen of England. To negotiate with the British government about increasing taxes. On July 21, Li Hongzhang, Li Jingfang and his party arrived in New York to meet with US President Cleveland. August 27, back to Tianjin. In 1900, because of the Boxer Rebellion, the Allied forces of eight countries invaded China, and Cixi and Guangxu fled to the West. Li Hongzhang and Yi zhe were appointed ministers to negotiate with the foreign powers.

On September 27, 1901, Li Hongzhang died of illness in Beijing. In April of the next year, the Qing government returned to China with Li Hongzhang's coffin. Yizi Li Jingfang, as an alternate of sipingjing hall, ordered Li Jingfang to participate in the negotiation of trade treaty between Sheng Xuanhuai, the Minister of industry, and Ma Kai, an Englishman, in Shanghai. Soon after, Li Jingfang took part in the preparation of Anhui and Shanghai Nanjing railway. In February 1903, Li Jingfang and Li Jingmai buried Li Hongzhang in xiaxiaoying, Daxing, Hefei. Later, they petitioned to hand over the Hutong residence of Chongwenmen headquarters in Beijing to build a special ancestral hall for Li Hongzhang.

In March 1907, Li Jingfang was appointed Minister of the British mission. Xuantong two years (1911) in December, transferred to the Ministry of post office left Shilang. The Ministry of post and telecommunications is in charge of all kinds of post and Telecommunications transportation affairs, but the post has been controlled by foreigners for a long time. In order to safeguard the national sovereignty, Li Jingfang made many specific negotiations, and finally transferred the postal business from the Department of Taxation to the Ministry of post and telecommunications. Li Jingfang was also the first director of the general post office of China. He was dismissed after the revolution of 1911.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Li Jingfang lived in Shanghai. Five years (1916), Li Jingfang and Li Jingmai will be due to the style of Mei draft, Li Hongzhang before he personally changed the letter photocopy, book title "Li Wenzhong meter Du". In 1917, during the restoration of Zhang Xun, Li Jingfang and Li Jingmai advocated hard. After the restoration failed, Li Jingfang secluded himself in Dalian and closed all day. In 1933, he made a will and made a plan for the distribution of the estate. There are a lot of land in Hefei, Chaoxian, Lu'an and Huoshan. He died in Dalian on September 28, 1934, aged 80. He is the author of Li xihou

Chinese PinYin : Li Jing Fang