Li Gonglin

Li Gonglin

Li Gonglin (1040-1106), a native of Shuzhou in Northern Song Dynasty (now Tongcheng in Anhui Province), is an outstanding painter in Song Dynasty. When he was born, he was called longmian (1049-1106). He was 57 years old. Xining three years (AD 1070) Jinshi. Li longmian was born in Tongcheng County, Anhui Province when he was Li Gonglin. Because there was a longmian mountain on the outskirts of Tongcheng, Li Gonglin once lived at the foot of the mountain, so he called himself longmian hermit or longmian mountain man.

He was born in a famous family. He had a lot of books on ancient utensils and paintings. He was very knowledgeable since he was a child. He was good at learning from ancient times and knew many strange characters. Since Xia and Shang Dynasties, Zhongding and Zunyi people have been able to judge the times of the world and distinguish the styles. He is good at poetry and prose, and has the style of Jin people in regular script. Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Mi Fu and Huang Tingjian are close friends, and they are the guests of Wang Shen. In the third year of Xining (1070), Jinshi was appointed as an official in the lower province of Zhongshu. Later, he became an official in the imperial court. Yuan Fu three years (1100) disease Bi old, home longmian mountain, longmian home. He has been diligent all his life. He has done countless paintings, including figures, historical facts, Buddhism, scholars, landscapes, pommel horses, animals, flowers and birds. The characters and Taoist hermeneutics are deeply influenced by Wu Daozi's purport. They use their brush like flowing clouds and flowing water. They have correct modeling and flying posture. They have beautiful scenery, which is the true story of Wang Wei. He has learned from nature, innovated boldly and built his own family. He is respected as the greatest master of a hundred generations by future generations.

Life of the characters

Li Gonglin's thirty years as an official was also the period when his art gradually matured and became a famous painter. This period was also the period when Wang Anshi's political reform failed and Wang Anshi turned into a "friend party" struggle in history. Li Gonglin had a good relationship with Wang Anshi. After the seventh year of Xining, Wang Anshi lost power and retired to Jinling. He once traveled with Li Gonglin and presented four poems to him. But at the same time, Li Gonglin had a close relationship with Su Shi who opposed Wang Anshi.

Li Gonglin, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and others were the guests of the Shen family. Their gathering at Wang Shen's home was recorded in Li Gonglin's collection of Western gardens (existing copies), and Mi Fu wrote an article about it. More than a dozen of them were drinking, composing poems, writing and drawing, talking about Zen and Taoism in Wang Shen's garden. This was the first period of their friendship, before Su Shi was dethroned and left Bianliang to become an official in Hangzhou.

In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079 A.D.), Su Shi was in danger for his poetry writing, and Wang Shen was also implicated. It is said that Li Gonglin met Su's family on the street and covered his face with a fan, so he was ridiculed by people. The second time Li Gonglin made friends with Su Shi and others was during the reign of zhe Zong Yuanyou. At that time, Wang Anshi had passed away. It was just when the old party gained power in a short time, and Su Shi regained his political status, Li Gonglin drew the second painting of Xi Yuan Ya Ji. There are many poems in Su Shi's and Huang Tingjian's poetry anthologies.

Li Gonglin had a deep understanding of ancient art. Having knowledge of ancient objects and characters, he once painted and examined ancient bronze objects. He took part in the work of sorting out ancient objects collected by the royal family. His father Li Xuyi collected a lot of ancient paintings. He copied them, and also copied many famous paintings collected by others. He kept many copies of his famous paintings.

First of all, his painting talent is reflected in the diversity of his subjects. He is good at pommel horse, Buddha statue, character and landscape. He mastered the painting techniques in copying the ancient masterpieces, but surpassed the techniques of the ancients.

Li Gonglin is good at drawing horses and figures. It is said that the figures he painted can distinguish the characteristics of people from all walks of life, such as "langmiao, Guange, Shanlin, CaoYe, Luyan, zangho, Taiyu and zaoli", and can distinguish the specific characteristics of region and race, as well as the specific states of action and expression. His artistic creation is based on the reality of life, so he dares to pursue new performance. He dares to break through the stereotype of his predecessors, painting Guanyin with a long ribbon, with a ribbon longer than half a body, and painting Guanyin lying on a stone. These are all new styles he created. His creativity is also reflected in his understanding of the subject matter. His painting of "Guanyin at ease" is not in accordance with the popular sitting posture. He said that "being at ease is in the heart, not in the phase". He does not have to be limited to a fixed sitting posture, but creates another sitting posture that he thinks can show a comfortable mood. In his painting of Tao Qian's poem "going back and coming back", he focused on the expression of thinking, not on the general description of natural scenery such as garden pines and chrysanthemums, but on the description of "linqingliuchu" - thought-provoking flowing water.

In Li Gonglin's painting, General Li Guang of Han Dynasty took Hu people's horse and fled back. He drew a bow and aimed at the horse. When the arrow pointed to it, the man and horse fell. Li Gonglin himself said that if it was painted by others, he would have to draw an arrow and hit the chase. It can be seen that Li Gonglin knows very well that the reality of art is different from the reality of life. On the surface, it seems unreasonable, and can produce a stronger artistic force.

personal works

He is good at figure painting, especially horse painting. Su Shi praised him: "there are thousands of Si in longmian's chest, not only painting flesh and bone.". Wu Ma Tu is his representative work. The five horses in the painting are pulled by five people, with a radiant look and amazing look. The pen is concise and the horse's every move is extremely meticulous, which vividly shows the characteristics of the horse's movement and temperament. He also developed the "white line drawing" painting method, creating a "sweeping pink and black, light and clear ink", "no painting, but brilliant and moving". Few of his works have survived. In addition to the five horse painting, there are linweiyan pastoral painting, mianzhou painting, Weimo Jushi painting, sixteen ponies painting, longmian villa painting, Wangchuan painting, Jiuge painting, Luoshen Fu painting, Caotang painting, lianshe painting, Minghuang music performance painting, nongjie painting, Xiyuan Yaji painting, Minghuang zuigui painting, Weimo education performance painting, Bianqiao alliance painting and Baihua Luohan painting 》"Haihui map", "Baima map" and so on.

Li Gonglin painted a picture of six or seven men gambling around the table. The characters in the picture are very vivid. One of them is lying on the table, staring at the dice in the basin, opening his mouth to shout. At this time, the dice turn to the position of "six".

Yuan Fu three years (1100) old, home Tongcheng Shuangxi longmian mountain, longmian No. He is good at ancient erudition and appraisal. He can not only paint pommel horses, immortals, Buddhism and Taoism, but also landscapes, flowers and birds. He copied a lot of traditional paintings, attached importance to sketching, and dared to be original. His characters can distinguish identity, region and personality from appearance. In painting, he is famous for his line drawing. This kind of good use of line drawing, more non colored line drawing, accurate modeling, vivid look, so that the traditional line drawing modeling method to a new level. It has a great influence on the figure paintings of his descendants. His landscape paintings are also creative. ICBC and kaishu have the style of Jin and song calligraphers. Later generations said that his painting was "based on conception first, followed by decoration". He is also good at archaeology. The existing works include five horses, linweiyan grazing, nine songs, mianzhou and vimo. The painting of five horses is light colored, 29.3 cm in length and 22.5 cm in width. It is now a private collection in Japan. Li Gonglin is good at drawing horses. "Every time he wants to draw, he must watch the horses and do his best.". The painting of five horses was created by Li according to his sketching. Each horse is led by a jockey. Both the man and the horse have accurate proportion and vivid movements, which clearly show the musculoskeletal structure, the sense of weight, the soft and hard texture of the body, and even the impression of luster, which can represent his level of drawing. In particular, the vivid expression of the horses and figures in the painting deserves to be a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. There was a postscript after the painting.

Profile

Li Gonglin (1049-1106), a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. When the word was Bo, it was called longmian. In the third year of Xining, Shenzong became a Jinshi and joined the army through recording in Sizhou. He was recommended by Lu Dianjian as a provincial censor and censor. Li longmian is Li Gonglin. When he was born, his ancestral home was Shuzhou (today's Tongcheng, Anhui). He lived in longmian mountain, North Township of Tongcheng. Li Gonglin was a hermit at the foot of the mountain, so he called himself longmian hermit or longmian mountain man. In the third year of Xining, Shenzong became a Jinshi and joined the army through recording in Sizhou. He was recommended by Lu Dianjian as a provincial censor and censor. He was born in a famous family. He had a lot of books on ancient utensils and paintings. He was very knowledgeable since he was a child. He was good at learning from ancient times and knew many strange characters. Since Xia and Shang Dynasties, Zhongding and Zunyi people have been able to judge the times of the world and distinguish the styles. He is good at poetry and prose, and has the style of Jin people in regular script. Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Mi Fu and Huang Tingjian are close friends, and they are the guests of Wang Shen.

In the third year of Xining (1070), Jinshi was appointed as an official in the lower province of Zhongshu. Later, he became an official in the imperial court. Living in the capital for ten years, I don't want to visit the gate of the imperial palace. I'm happy to visit the famous gardens.

Yuan Fu three years (1100) disease Bi old, home longmian mountain, longmian home.

He has been diligent all his life. He has done countless paintings, including figures, historical facts, Buddhism, scholars, landscapes, pommel horses, animals, flowers and birds. The characters and Taoist hermeneutics are deeply influenced by Wu Daozi's purport. They use their brush like flowing clouds and flowing water. They have correct modeling and flying posture. They have beautiful scenery, which is the true story of Wang Wei. He has learned from nature, innovated boldly and built his own family. He is respected as the greatest master of a hundred generations by future generations. The works handed down from generation to generation include the five horse painting volume, which is now stored in the Taipei Palace Museum; the linweiyan pastoral painting volume, the vimo performance painting volume, which is now stored in the Palace Museum; the Chibi painting volume, which is now stored in the United States; the lianshe painting axis (a copy of the Southern Song Dynasty) which is stored in the Nanjing Museum.

Li Gonglin was an influential scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. His white line drawing was the first in the world. When commenting on his works, the seventh volume of Xuanhe Huapu praises: "you Gong's characters (longmian) can distinguish their appearance and make people know that they are langmiao, Guange, Shanlin, CaoYe, Luyan, ZangDi, Zhanyu and zaoli.

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