Wu Tiecheng

Wu Tiecheng

Wu Tiecheng (1888-1953), zizeng, was born in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. In his early years, he studied in Jiangxi Jiujiang Tongwen Academy. In 1909, he joined the Chinese League through Lin Sen's introduction. After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, he served as the chief counsellor of the Jiujiang military government, responsible for military related work. Later, he was elected as the representative of Jiangxi Province, attended the meeting of representatives of the provincial governors in Nanjing, organized the interim government, and formulated the constitution. After taking part in the second revolution in 1913, he went to Japan with Dr. Sun Yat Sen to study law in Meiji University of law and politics. He joined the Chinese revolutionary party in 1914. On August 5, 1915, at the order of Sun Yat Sen, he went to Honolulu to preside over the party affairs. He was also the chief writer of the overseas Chinese New Freedom newspaper and strongly advocated against Yuan Shikai. In 1917, he returned to China and served as the Grand Marshal of Sun Yat Sen's military government. After the reorganization of the military government, he went to Shanghai with Sun Yat Sen. In September 1924, with Sun Yat Sen's Northern Expedition, he served as the commander of the base camp; in October, he returned to Guangdong to take part in the pacification of the rebellion of the commercial group, and concurrently served as the director of the Guangzhou Public Security Bureau. In June 1927, he served as member of Guangdong provincial government and director of construction department. In 1929, he was elected executive member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, legislator of the national government, and member of the Nanjing premier mausoleum Management Committee. In 1931, he served as chief police officer and member of the overseas Chinese Affairs Committee. In January 1932, he served as mayor of Shanghai and commander of Songhu police. In 1937, he was transferred to the chairman of Guangdong provincial government. In 1939, he began to preside over the party affairs of Hong Kong and Macao of the Chinese Kuomintang. In 1940, he was the overseas Minister of the Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. In 1941, he was the commander of the 17th division of the central army of the Chinese Kuomintang and the commander of the Guangzhou Garrison. After the victory of the Anti Japanese war in 1945, he served as the Supreme National Defense Commission. In 1947, he served as vice president of the Legislative Yuan of the national government. In 1948, he was transferred to vice president of the Executive Yuan and Minister of foreign affairs. In 1949, he moved to Taiwan as a senior official in the presidential office. He died in Taiwan in 1953 at the age of 65.

Follow the father of our country

Wu Tiecheng, whose ancestral home is Guangdong, is a fellow of Sun Yat Sen. In the early years of Guangxu, Wu Tiecheng's father went to Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, where he worked as a store treasurer. Later, he owned his own foreign goods stores. He was an associate of Jiujiang chamber of Commerce and had a great influence in the local area. Wu Tiecheng was born here. When he was young, Wu Tiecheng was taught by his father Yanshi. He studied Classics, history and foreign languages. At the age of 17, he joined Jiujiang Tongwen Academy. He met Lin Sen in 1909 and joined the Chinese League in the same year. After the outbreak of Wuchang Uprising in 1911, Wu Tiecheng instigated Ma Yubao, the standard system of Jiangxi new army, to become independent in Jiujiang and made great contributions to the restoration of Jiangxi. He served as chief counsellor and negotiator of the Jiujiang military government, responsible for civil and foreign affairs related to military affairs. In November, he was elected as the representative of Jiangxi Province, attended the meeting of representatives of Nanjing provincial governors, organized the interim government and formulated the constitution. During the second revolution, Wu Tiecheng, at the order of Sun Yat Sen, went to Jiangxi with Juzheng to urge Li Liejun, the governor of Jiangxi, to denounce yuan. After the failure of the "second revolution", Yuan Shikai offered a reward of 20000 Dayang to arrest Wu Tiecheng, followed Sun Yat Sen into exile in Japan, and entered Meiji University to study law. In 1914, he joined the Chinese revolutionary party in the first batch. On August 5, 1915, at the order of Sun Yat Sen, he went to Honolulu to preside over the party affairs. He was also the chief writer of the overseas Chinese freedom news, writing a large number of editorials under the pseudonym "Wu Zhou" to denounce Yuan Shikai's restoration of the monarchy. Yuan Shikai hated Wu Tiecheng and sued Wu Tiecheng for "anarchy" in the United States through diplomatic channels. Wu Tiecheng pleaded in English and won the lawsuit. This is the third case that the United States has tried in public for prosecuting anarchy. In July 1917, when Sun Yat Sen went south to protect the Dharma, he was summoned by Sun Yat Sen and came to Guangzhou in September to join the army. Sun Yat Sen resigned because of the autocracy of the southwest warlords, and Wu Tiecheng also returned to Shanghai with Sun Yat Sen. In November 1920, when Sun Yat Sen reorganized the military government, he joined the army again. In May 1921, Sun Yat Sen was appointed president of the Supreme People's Republic of China, and Wu was transferred to the presidential palace to join the army. In 1921, Wu Tiecheng returned to his hometown Xiangshan County to participate in the election and was elected as the county magistrate, becoming the first elected county magistrate in Chinese history. He appointed a number of students studying in the United States as directors of police, public works, finance and other bureaux, and even appointed a woman as director of education, setting a precedent for Chinese women to act as administrators. He vigorously promoted construction, broke the feudal framework of the city, demolished the city walls, widened the roads, expanded the commercial streets, and developed commerce, thus laying the basic pattern of the old Shiqi city. In 1990, Zhongshan Municipal People's government announced that it was a municipal cultural relics protection unit. In January 1923, he served as the commander of the first route army of the East Road bandit army. In February, he served as the director of the Guangzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau and the director of the police force. In October of the same year, he was designated as the executive member of the Provisional Central Committee of the Kuomintang. In March 1924, he served as the commander of Guangdong provincial security forces. In September of the same year, he served as the commander of the base camp. In October, he returned to Guangdong to take part in calming down the rebellion of the commercial group and became the director of the Guangzhou Public Security Bureau. In 1926, he served as division commander of the first independent division of the National Revolutionary Army, division commander of the 17th division of the Sixth Army and commander of Guangzhou garrison. Wu Tiecheng firmly supported Sun Yat sen in several critical moments of revolution, including expelling the GUI warlord Mo Rongxin from Guangzhou, attacking the GUI warlord Lu Rongting, and calming down the Chen Jiongming rebellion and the merchant rebellion. Wu Tiecheng was also a good financial man. He made use of his communication skills to make friends with people of low income and low income. He opened up a wide range of financial resources and became a major supporter of raising military salaries, ensuring the expenditure of the base camp and Huangpu Military Academy.

Active anti Communist

In October 1923, Wu Tiecheng was appointed by Sun Yat Sen as one of the nine members of the central executive committee of the Kuomintang. In 1924, the first National Congress of the Kuomintang was held, and Wu Tiecheng, together with Sun Ke and Liao Zhongkai, drafted a constitution. However, Wu Tiecheng didn't agree with Sun Yat Sen's three major policies of "uniting Russia, the Communist Party, and supporting agriculture and industry", so he always opposed the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. When Sun Yat Sen was alive, Wu Tiecheng's anti Communist right leaning attitude was once criticized by Sun Yat Sen, but it was appreciated by Chiang Kai Shek, then president of Huangpu Military Academy and chief of staff of Guangdong army. After the death of Sun Yat Sen, Wu Tiecheng, Sun Ke and Wu Chaoshu became the backbone of the right wing of the Kuomintang in Guangzhou. Wu Tiecheng's Guangzhou Branch of the Kuomintang once became the headquarters of the anti Communist Party. After the "Zhongshan shipwreck incident", the Communists and the left wing of the Kuomintang protested and condemned one after another, demanding severe punishment for the right wing of the Kuomintang. Chiang Kai Shek felt that he was not yet full-fledged and that the time for counter revolution was not yet ripe. He did not dare to break with the leftists of the Communist Party and the Kuomintang immediately, so he adopted the method of "abandoning soldiers to protect the commander" and punished several Rightists who caused trouble. As a result, Wu Tiecheng, as one of the "scapegoats", lost his position as division commander of the 17th division and was escorted to the crosspiece fort of Humen. Wu Tiecheng understands this. On the Double Tenth festival in 1926, Wu Tiecheng was released and moved to Sun Ke's home in Shanghai. Later, he used his relationship with Sunke to urge Wang Jingwei and Sunke in Wuhan to merge with the Nanjing regime. After Chiang Kai Shek established the national government in Nanjing in 1927, he decided to re appoint Wu Tiecheng as a member of the Guangdong provincial government and director of the Department of construction. Wu Tiecheng, who returned to Chiang Kai Shek's account, ran around to help him accomplish the great cause of reunification. He made three missions to Northeast China, successfully persuading Zhang Xueliang to change his school with his eloquence, which fully demonstrated his diplomatic ability and was also the most proud and proud part of his life. In September 1923, he was elected as the third member of the Legislative Council of the Kuomintang Central Government. In June 1931, he served as a member of the national government; in August, he served as chief police officer and chairman of the overseas Chinese Affairs Committee.

Compromise with Japan

In December 1931, Shanghai Mayor Zhang Qun was forced to resign because of the upsurge of student Anti Japanese movement. Chiang Kai Shek ordered Wu Tiecheng to take over the post of mayor of Shanghai and commander of Songhu police. On the 27th of the same month, he was also a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee. Shortly after he took office, the Japanese aggressors started the January 28 Incident. Under the leadership of CAI tingkai and Jiang guangnai, the 19th Route Army was forced to resist despite the actual conditions of backward equipment and weak troops. Chiang Kai Shek was still trying his best to carry out the policy of "stabilizing the interior before resisting foreign aggression". On January 31, Chiang Kai Shek instructed military and political minister he Yingqin to telegraph Wu Tiecheng that: (1) consuls of all countries should mediate and not shoot at will; (2) generals such as Jiang guangnai and CAI tingkai should not shoot at will without the orders of the upper officials; (3) they should be kind to the armies and overseas Chinese of all countries for sympathy; (4) troublemaking groups pretending patriotism should be strictly stopped; and other people should be patriotic Careful attention should be paid to the actions to prevent the "Gang bandits" from taking advantage of the opportunities. On February 15, he Yingqin called Wu Tiecheng again and asked him to negotiate with the Japanese generals in Shanghai in a private capacity to agree on a "peace" plan. Wu Tiecheng, who only followed Chiang Kai Shek's orders, immediately met many people and tried to make peace. On May 5, the KMT government and Japan signed the Songhu armistice agreement, which was humiliating and humiliating to the country, and ruined the achievements of the Anti Japanese war that the army and the people of Shanghai had insisted on for three months. In March, he returned to the chairmanship of the overseas Chinese Affairs Committee. In April 1937, Wu Tiecheng was transferred to the post of chairman of Guangdong provincial government. May and director of civil affairs department. He is also the security commander of Guangdong Province. After the fall of Guangzhou in October 1938, Wu led the provincial government to move to Shaoguan and Lianxian to continue the Anti Japanese war in the rear.

Overseas work

In December 1938, Li hanhun took over the presidency of Guangdong provincial government. In the spring of 1939, Chiang Kai Shek transferred Wu Tiecheng to Chongqing to preside over the KMT's party affairs in Hong Kong and Macao. In 1940, he served as the KMT's foreign minister at home and abroad. In the autumn of the same year, he was ordered to go to Nanyang countries to contact and solicit donations from overseas Chinese to support the Anti Japanese war. He traveled through Hong Kong to the Philippines, Indonesia, Myanmar and other countries for five months

Chinese PinYin : Wu Tie Cheng