Song Xiaozong

Zhao Min

Zhao Min (November 27, 1127 - June 28, 1194), the first name of song Xiaozong, was Zhao Bocong, later changed to Zhao Yuan, and was given the name Zhao Wei with the character Yuanyong. He was born in Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang). He was the seventh grandson of song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin and the adopted son of song Gaozong Zhao Gou. The 11th emperor of the Song Dynasty and the second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty (from July 20, 1162 to February 18, 1189).

Shaoxing two years (1132), Gaozong was selected in the palace. Shaoxing 30 years (1160), was established as the prince, was granted Kaifu instrument with three division, ningguojun Jiedushi, feudal king. Shaoxing 32 years (1162), was established as the crown prince. In the same year, Emperor Gaozong gave way to Zhao Min, making the Song Dynasty's throne return to the song Taizu family. In the 16th year of Chunxi (1189), Zhao minchan was located in his third son, Zhao Dun, who called himself the emperor of longevity. Shaoxi five years (1194), Zhao Min died, 27 years in office, 68 years. His posthumous title is Shaotong Tongdao, Guande, Zhaogong, philosophy, literature, Shenwu, Mingsheng, Chengxiao emperor, and his temple name is Xiaozong. He was buried in Yongfu mausoleum. There is one of his poems in Quan Song Ci.

It is generally believed that Zhao Min is the most promising emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty. During his reign, he vindicated Yue Fei's unjust case, mobilized the main fighters, determined to recover the central plains; in the internal affairs, he strengthened centralization of power, actively rectified the administration of officials, eliminated redundant officials, punished corruption, attached importance to agricultural production, and made the people live in peace, which is historically known as "the administration of Qianchun". Later generations called it "zhuoran the head of all the emperors in Nandu".

Life of the characters

In the breeding Palace

On October 27, 1127, the first year of Jianyan,

Zhao Bocong

(later renamed Zhao Min) was born in the official residence of qingshanzha in Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang). He is the seventh grandson of Zhao Kuangyin.

In 1132, Zhao Bocong, a six-year-old, was selected by Zhao Gou, the Song Emperor Gaozong, who was unable to bear children.

In February 1133, Zhao Bocong was granted the defense envoy of Hezhou, and his name was changed

Zhao Yuan

. Shaoxing five years (1135) in May, was awarded Baoqing army Festival envoy, feudal state. In the first month of the 12th year of Shaoxing (1142), Jiajiao Shaobao was granted the title of Prince of Pu'an. In June of 1147, he was appointed as the governor of Changde army.

On February 24, the 30th year of Shaoxing (1160), Zhao Yuan was made Prince and changed his name

Zhao Wei

. On the 27th, he was granted the title of Jiedu envoy and Kaifu Yitong, and was granted the title of Jianwang.

In 1161, when Emperor Yan Liang invaded the south of Shaoxing, most of the ministers in the court advocated to escape. Zhao Wei, then 35, volunteered to write a letter, asking for a decisive battle with the Jin army. However, as reminded by his teacher Shi Hao, in order to avoid Gao Zong's suspicion, Zhao Wei wrote again, asking for the protection of Zhao Gou during his personal expedition to show his filial piety and loyalty.

On the throne

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On May 28, the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), Zhao Wei was made the crown prince, and his name was changed to

Zhao she

. In June, Zhao gouyu wrote that Zhao Min was given the name Yuanyong. He passed the title to Zhao Min on the ground that he wanted to rest more because he was tired and diligent. It was for emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou called himself the supreme emperor. From then on, the throne of Song Dynasty returned to Zhao Kuangyin. It is said that Zhao Gou had the intention of Zen long ago. He once told Zhao Min that Zhao Min resolutely refused again and again with tears in his eyes, just when the border incident broke out and there was no result. In July of the same year, the second month after he ascended the throne, Zhao Min issued an edict calling on Zhang Jun, a Veteran General of the main war faction, to join the court to discuss the grand plan of restoring rivers and mountains. He accepted Shi Hao's suggestion and issued an imperial edict to rehabilitate Yue Fei's unjust imprisonment, recover his former official, and remit his exiled family members. In addition, Zhao Min also gradually began to serve as an official of the main war faction who was demoted and dismissed. He attached great importance to the main fighters and actively prepared for the war.

In May of the first year of Longxing (1163), Zhao Min appointed Zhang Jun as the commander of the northern expedition. In January, the song army restored Lingbi, Hongxian and Suzhou to deter the Central Plains. Later, under the counterattack of the superior forces of the Jin army, the song army's generals were at odds with each other, and their morale was lax. When they withdrew from Fu Li, they were chased by the Jin army and suffered heavy losses. They had to reach a peace agreement with the state of Jin again, which was known as "Longxing peace agreement" in history, also known as "Qiandao alliance". The main provisions of the peace negotiation are as follows: the Song Emperor changed the title of official to nephew for the Jin emperor; the Sui Gong was changed to Sui coin, and the silver and silk discussed in the Shaoxing peace negotiation were reduced by 50000 to 200000 taels and pieces respectively; the Southern Song Dynasty cut off the Tang Dynasty (today's Tanghe in Henan), Deng Dynasty (today's East Dengzhou in Henan), Hai Dynasty (today's Lianyungang in Jiangsu) and Si Dynasty (today's North Xuyi in Jiangsu), and then the Shang Dynasty (today's Shang County in Shaanxi) Qin (now Tianshui, Gansu Province) was granted to the state of Jin. After the Longxing peace negotiation, song and Jin maintained peace for more than 40 years.

After the failure of the northern expedition in Longxing, Zhao Min's domestic and foreign policies turned to be stable, and the Southern Song Dynasty was intoxicated with the peaceful scene of "nothing happened at home and abroad". At that time, the people's livelihood was rich, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the situation of political prosperity appeared. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the government attached great importance to production, encouraged agriculture and mulberry cultivation, and built water conservancy projects. The people were peaceful and the customs were quiet. There were plenty of money from home, cattle and horses everywhere, and surplus grain in the fields. It is called "the rule of Qianchun" in history.

Inner Zen throne

In October of the 14th year of Chunxi (1187), Zhao Gou collapsed in the palace of virtue and longevity. After hearing this, Zhao Min broke down and cried. He could not eat for two days and said he would mourn for three years. In order to mourn, Zhao Min asked the crown prince Zhao Dun to participate in political affairs.

On the second day of February in the 16th year of Chunxi (February 18, 1189), Zhao minchan was located in zhaodun, which was the emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty. Zhao Min called himself the supreme emperor and lived in Cifu palace. Later he changed his name to Chonghua palace. Zhao Min continued to mourn for Zhao Gou.

Dying of illness

On the second day of may in 1194, Zhao Min fell ill. On the ninth day of June (June 28), Zhao Min died at the Chonghua hall, aged 68. On October 29th, the posthumous title of the ministers was the emperor of filial piety, and the temple title was Emperor Xiaozong. On November 28, it was temporarily stored in Yongfu Mausoleum of Kuaiji Prefecture. December 18, attached to the temple.

On the second day of November in the third year of Qingyuan (1197), Zhao Guangjia, Emperor ningzong of Song Dynasty, was named emperor Chengxiao of Shaotong.

Political initiatives

Politics

Zhao Min learned from Qin Hui, the Prime Minister of power, who had been in the position of Prime Minister for a long time and had formed a deep-rooted power, which greatly shortened the term of office of the prime minister. Zhao Min was always on guard against Zaizhi's development of personal power and forming a clique. Zhao Min also strictly abided by the "family law" that his relatives didn't advance the administration, and successfully prevented the situation that later powerful officials Han minzhou and Jia Sidao took over the administration with their relatives. In the relationship between the prime minister and the ruling in the Zaizhi group, Zhao Min also tried to make the participation in political affairs a power to contain the prime minister.

In addition, Zhao Min also strengthened the supervisory function of the taijianguan, whose main goal was to target the Zaizhi group, especially the prime minister. First of all, Xiaozong controlled the authority of the Taijian officials in his own hands, in order to cut off the relationship between the prime minister and the Taijian officials. Zhao Minqin, who was diligent in administration, was outstanding among all the emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty. In his own words, he said, "the fleas are diligent at night and dare not be lazy. There is no matter what they do every day. He thought: is there anyone who has not arrived? We should think about three or two things over and over again for fear of loss. " So that on the day before his abdication, he was still removing the officials himself.

Through the investigation of Zhao Min's theory and politics, it is not difficult to find that behind his daily management and hands-on work, there is his distrust of officials, for fear of being cheated by them.

In the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), Zhao Min, at the beginning of his accession to the throne, issued an imperial edict under the banner of Emperor Gaozong: "to recover Yue feiyuan's official position, to bury him with rites, to visit him, and to employ him." In October of that year, an official proclamation was issued, announcing the recovery of Yue Fei's treatment of "Shaobao, wusheng Dingguo jundushi, Wuchang kaigong, Shili 6100, shishifeng 2600".

In the first year of Longxing (1163), at the request of Yue Fei's family, Zhao Min returned Yue Fei's original farmland and house.

In the fifth year of Chunxi (1178), at the request of Yue Lin, the son of Yue Fei, Zhao Min returned all the "imperial pens" and "Shouzhao" written by Gaozong to Yue Fei (Qin Hui had taken them away from Yue's family in order to frame Yue Fei).

On the first day of the first month of the eighth year of Qiandao (1172), Zhao Min promulgated the format of Qiandao edict.

In the third year of Chunxi reign (1176), Zhao Min issued an imperial edict, which imitated the current imperial edict format and the general category of the seven divisions of the Ministry of Li (i.e. the general category of the seven divisions of the Ministry of Li), and compiled the category of Chunxi statutes according to the different departments, which served as the legal basis for Dali temple and the Ministry of punishment to handle cases.

In the 13th year of Chunxi reign (1186), Lin'an government dismissed and expelled more than 300 young officials. Two years later, it eliminated more than 700 redundant officials, reducing unnecessary expenses. On the other hand, Zhao Min strictly limited the number of grace and compensation, reducing the number of officials at all levels.

military

In military affairs, Zhao Min organized the army to develop his military. In five years, he held three large-scale military parades, actively selected generals, and learned to ride and shoot. The fighting power of the army in the Southern Song Dynasty was greatly improved.

The political situation of the Southern Song Dynasty needed to constantly expand its military forces and recruit more soldiers in the mainland and border defense. However, in view of the huge cost of military support at that time, Zhao Min boldly reformed the military system and implemented the system of volunteer soldiers throughout the country. "One of the three members of the people's family is a righteous soldier, and they are given bows and crossbows to teach them how to fight. When there is a gap in the countryside, they gather to teach them." The essence of the system of righteous soldiers lies in putting troops in agriculture. The righteous soldiers did not break away from production and did not neglect teaching and reading, which not only strengthened the military power, but also reduced the burden of the country

Chinese PinYin : Song Xiao Zong