CEN Chunxuan

CEN Chunxuan

CEN Chunxuan

(1861-1933), a famous political figure in modern Chinese history. word

Cloud scale

, No

Jiongtang old man

, former name

Cloud and spring

From Xilin, Guangxi. The son of Cen Yuying, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, was admitted to the imperial examination in 1885. He went to the battlefield during the Sino Japanese War of 1898. In 1898, he was promoted to the post of governor of Guangdong Province because of his support for reform and reform. In 1899, he was transferred to the post of governor of Gansu Province.

In 1900, when the war of aggression against China broke out, CEN Chunxuan led his army to Beijing as "King Qin", and escorted Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu to Xi'an. He promoted the governor of Shaanxi for his meritorious service. The next year, he served as governor of Shanxi and founded Shanxi University. Later, he acted as governor of Sichuan Province and appointed governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. During his term of office, he actively carried out new policies and punished corrupt officials on a large scale“

Official butcher

”He was also called "Nan Cen Bei yuan" together with Zhili governor Yuan Shikai. In 1907, he joined Beijing as secretary of the Ministry of post and telecommunications, and launched a "Ding Wei political wave" with Qu Hongyi, Minister of military aircraft. He was impeached and dismissed by Yi Zhe and Yuan Shikai, Prince of Qing, and then lived in Shanghai in the name of recuperation.

In 1911, the revolution of 1911 broke out, and Cen Chunxuan was appointed governor of Sichuan by the Qing government. After the founding of the Republic of China, CEN Chunxuan was the governor of Yuehan Sichuan railway in Yuan Shikai's government. In 1913, he supported Sun Yat Sen to launch the second revolution and was promoted to be the Grand Marshal of Yuan army in all provinces. After the failure of the second revolution, he went into exile in Nanyang. At the beginning of 1916, Lu Rongting, the governor of Guangxi, sent people to welcome him back to Shanghai. In May, he was elected as commander of the capital of the national defense army. Together with Liang Qichao, he established a military academy in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province. He served as deputy commander of the national defense army, acting as commander of the national defense army, and joined the national defense movement. In 1918, Sun Yat Sen was excluded, and he served as president of the Guangdong French military government, leading the north south peace talks. After the Guangdong Guangxi war in 1920, the military government was dissolved. Cen Chunxuan resigned by telegram and lived in seclusion in Shanghai. He died in 1933 and wrote the essay of Le Zhai.

Life of the characters

Early career

According to genealogical records, CEN Chunxuan's ancestor was Cen Peng, the sixth meritorious official in the 28 generals of Yuntai in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, cen Zhongshu, a descendant of Cen Peng who was settled in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, made great contributions with di Qingping and Nong Zhigao, and then lived in Guangxi as a chieftain. CEN Chunxuan's family was originally the hereditary local officials of Shanglin Donglong's lawsuit, but they became the common people because they changed the land and returned to Liu during the reign of Qianlong. When Cen Cangsong, his grandfather, started his career in literature. CEN Yuying, the father of Cen Chunxuan, became the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou because of his contribution to pacifying the Hui uprising in Yunnan.

CEN Chunxuan, the third son of Cen Yuying, was born in nalao village, Xilin County, Sicheng Prefecture, Guangxi Province on March 23, the 11th year of Xianfeng (May 2, 1861). He was called "Cen San" because of his changeable personality and daring. He was also known as "Dian San". His original name was Cen Chunze. CEN Chunxuan studied in Yunfeng Academy of Sicheng (Lingyun) when he was young, and then went to study with his father Cen Yuying. In 1879, cen Yuying ordered Cen Chunxuan to study in Beijing, considering that "Yunnan and Guangxi are far away from each other, and his disciples have no way to learn from them.". CEN Chunxuan, who lives in Beijing, is a famous dandy. According to Tang Yongbin's Xin Tan Xiang, "Chunxuan is a little relaxed, conceited of his family's rank and talent, and is invincible. He makes friends with gold and has a lot of cars and horses, which is like a banquet." He, Lao ziqiao and Ruicheng were called "three evils in the capital".

CEN Chunxuan, thanks to his father's kindness, soon learned to walk by the supervisor, the principal, and the labor department. In 1881, he asked for leave to go home for recuperation. In 1885, he took part in the Guangxi provincial examination. He was elected in the examination and was sent to the Ministry to wait for a job. In 1888, he also contributed to the Navy funds, and was ordered to return the doctor to his headquarters to make up for it. In the same year, Emperor Guangxu got married, and Cen Chunxuan was appointed as the general manager of the office. Because this is a real lack, so he attracted much attention. At this time, he obeyed the fortune teller and changed his name from "Chunze" to "Chunxuan". In 1889, cen Yuying died as governor of Yunnan and Guizhou. Cen Chunxuan returned to Guangxi to keep the system. In 1892, he went to Beijing again. The Qing government granted him Shaoqing of Guanglu temple, transferred him to Taipu temple and took charge of Dali temple.

Reformers

CEN Chunxuan stepped on the political stage during the Sino Japanese War of 1895. Under the situation of tight war and "minister's hesitation", CEN Chunxuan once played a memorial twice and resolutely "invited himself to serve the former enemy" and was sent to Liu Kun's first battalion as an officer. However, Liu Kunyi was not responsible because of Cen Chunxuan's reputation for debauchery in his early years. When the Japanese army landed in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, and warned in Weihai, he volunteered and was sent to the premier's camp in Yantai, where he dug up the camp, arranged defense and did his duty. Later, when the Japanese attacked Yingkou, he asked for help. However, due to the corruption of the Qing Dynasty, China was doomed to failure and signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki. CEN Chunxuan was very angry about this. He resigned from Beijing and lived in seclusion in Guilin. He even had the idea of staying away from the mountains.

After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, the imperialists set off a frenzy to carve up China. Cen Chunxuan could not help but be touched when he saw that the state affairs were changing. He took part in the reform movement. He took part in the strong society of Shanghai and the national assembly of Baoguo in Beijing. In February 1897, he personally discussed with Kang Youwei and others to establish the Guilin Saint society, the most influential reform society in Guangxi. In the summer of 1898, CEN Chunxuan accompanied his younger brother Cen Chunyin to Beijing for an examination. During this period, he was summoned by Emperor Guangxu. He not only proposed to set up schools, train new soldiers, teach officials, and believe in rewards and punishments, but also made a special plea for the emperor to exercise real power, not just in name. In the reform movement of 1898, Emperor Xu issued an imperial edict to abolish redundant officials, which was directly influenced by Cen Chunxuan's advice.

On August 31, 1898, CEN Chunxuan was promoted to the post of governor of Guangdong. After he arrived in Guangdong, he fought with the diehards who obstructed the reform headed by Tan Zhonglin, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. As a breakthrough in the reform of Guangdong's official administration, he drastically abolished the idle institutions and personnel, and even merged the copywriting in governor Tan Zhonglin's Yamen. He also plans to severely punish Wang cunshan, a confidant of Tan Zhonglin and a magistrate who is greedy for money and lives. The battle between the old and the new is inevitable. Cen and Tan play with each other and even scold each other. The reformers in Beijing echoed each other from afar. Song Bolu submitted Kang Youwei's "please punish Tan Zhonglin", which was written on behalf of Kang Youwei. In order to obstruct the new deal, he asked for severe punishment. Guangxu ordered Chen Baozhen, governor of Hunan Province, to make a close inspection of Tan and "take part in the performance as soon as possible.".

CEN Chunxuan's eyes are not only on Guangdong, but also on the situation in Beijing and the overall situation of the country's political reform. In foreign affairs, he thinks that Li Hongzhang's policy of uniting Russia and Kang Youwei's policy of uniting Britain are both inadequate. In the face of the partition of foreign powers, only by "consolidating the people" can we "resist aggression". In the internal affairs, he put forward a series of suggestions, such as "Su people's difficulties"; abolishing "Zhaoxin stock"; banning the export of rice and grain, suppressing the price of grain; preventing the overflow of silver; setting up lottery Investment Promotion Bureau, collecting private funds to build Guangdong Han railway, preventing the infiltration of foreign capital; letting businessmen "buy warships" and so on. These suggestions were partially adopted by Guangxu.

Because Cen Chunxuan was very active in the reform activities, he was also implicated after the 1898 coup. Thanks to "Rong Lu as a buffer", he was spared and transferred to Gansu. During his stay in Gansu Province, CEN Chunxuan did not forget to impeach Tan Zhonglin, who was finally removed from the post of governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. In the Qing Dynasty, it was the only one to impeach the vassal to make the constitution. Cen Chunxuan also began to be famous for his uprightness.

Fu Jin and Du Yue

In 1900, the Boxer Movement reached its climax, leading to the invasion of China by the Allied forces of the eight countries. After hearing this in Gansu, CEN Chunxuan led 2000 troops to "King Qin" in a starry night. When he arrived in Beijing, he was transferred to Zhangjiakou to be stationed in Russia. On August 14, 1900, when Beijing was lost, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled in a hurry. Cen Chunxuan came to rescue them and was appointed as the supervisor of Qianlu grain production station. During this period, CEN Chunxuan and his aide Zhang Mingqi made a plan to help Guangxu regain power, trying to cooperate with Kang Youwei and other exiled royalist forces to launch a coup, but finally gave up. Empress Dowager Cixi trusted Cen Chunxuan because of his timely help. She was appointed governor of Shaanxi and transferred to governor of Shanxi the next year. CEN Chunxuan judged the situation and said that "after the great disaster in Shanshan, there must be no more fighting". He ordered Niangziguan and Guguan garrison to retreat to show his sincerity of peace. He also solved the problems left by Yuxian's religious plan during his term of office, and allocated money to missionaries in advance to prevent the Allied forces from entering the army. Later, the money was donated by the missionary Timothy Li to the founding of Shanxi University, which is today's Shanxi University. In addition, CEN Chunxuan hired Japanese teachers and founded Shanxi agriculture and forestry school. The first thing he advocated was to set up self-improvement schools in Shanxi.

In July 1902, CEN Chunxuan was appointed governor of Guangdong Province. He planned to go to Beijing and then go to the south. As a result, the brotherhood of Sichuan surged up. The Qing government ordered Cen Chunxuan to Chengdu to act as governor of Sichuan Province. He calmed down the turmoil, set up a police and dealt with a number of corrupt officials. Later, in order to appease the bandits in Guangxi, the Qing government ordered Cen Chunxuan to act as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi to supervise the military affairs of Guangxi. It was during this period that Cen Chunxuan incorporated the influential figures of the Republic of China, such as long Jiguang and Lu Rongting. In addition to calming down the bandits, CEN Chunxuan also vigorously punished corrupt officials in Guangdong and Guangxi, which made "guantu" famous. In addition, CEN Chunxuan spared no effort to carry out the new deal in Guangdong. He launched military reform. He replaced the green camp with the standing army, the continuing army, the patrol police, and the soldiers of prefectures and counties. He respectively carried out the tasks of combat garrison, arresting Qingxiang, maintaining public order, protecting and relieving the prisoners, and drew up a detailed plan for streamlining the military personnel. In order to expand military talents, he set up military schools, including Guangdong general school, military medical school, Army primary and secondary school, and police school. At the same time, he also built new schools, set up the "Academic Affairs Office" in Guangzhou to take charge of education, and founded Guangdong law and politics school, Guangdong and Guangdong

Chinese PinYin : Cen Chun Xuan