Hou Jing
Hou Jing
Hou Jing (503-552) was born in Shuozhou (now Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province) of Xianbei nationality. Historical figures in the southern and Northern Dynasties.
He was fierce, good at martial arts, good at riding and shooting, and was selected as a soldier of huaishuo town. Six towns uprising, taking advantage of the situation to make contributions, defected to the general Er zhurong, uprising from Pingge Rong, and worshipped the governor of Dingzhou. Later, he surrendered to Gao Huan, a powerful minister of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, worshipped the Minister of the Ministry of officials, and moved to Yin of Henan Province. In the first year of the Taiqing Dynasty (547), he surrendered to Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, worshipped envoys Chijie, general Dong, supervised the military affairs of the South and north of Henan Province, and granted the title of king of Henan Province. In the second year of Taiqing Dynasty (548), Hou Jing's rebellion was launched, Jiankang was defeated, the aristocratic family was slaughtered, and the father and son of emperor Liang Wu were imprisoned.
In 551, he usurped the throne and claimed to be the emperor. After Liang Yuan emperor took over the system, he organized Wang Seng Bian, the governor of Jiangzhou, and Chen Baxian, the governor of Eastern Yangzhou, to lead the army to recover Jiankang and pacify the chaos of Hou Jing. After Hou Jing fled, he was killed by his subordinates.
Life experience
Early experience
When he was a boy, Hou Jing was deeply influenced by the fierce and martial customs of the border town. He was good at riding and shooting. He was brave and aggressive, and had a history as a meritorious Cao in huaishuo town. At the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the North was in chaos. Hou Jing led his troops to join Er zhurong, who appointed him as the pioneer. At the beginning, Hou Jing asked Er zhurong and Murong shaozong for advice on the art of war. Before long, Murong shaozong consulted him.
In August of the second year of Liang Datong (528), er zhurong and Ge Rong fought in Fukou. Hou Jing captured Ge Rong and the uprising was suppressed. Hou Jingyin was promoted to governor of Dingzhou.
South to cast beam
After Gao Huan wiped out the Erzhu family, Hou Jing led the people to surrender to Gao Huan, relying on the fact that they were soldiers of huaishuo town and had participated in the uprising of six towns. Gao Huan promoted him to be the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, and soon became the Duke of Puyang. Gao Huan attached great importance to Hou Jing and made him a situ. He was also a governor of Dingzhou. He supported 100000 soldiers and ruled Henan. Hou Jing is born with long and short feet (slightly shorter right foot). He is not good at martial arts, but he is very strategic. Hou Jing was very cruel to his soldiers and made a lot of contributions. Although Gao Huan can see Hou Jing's character, he knows that Yu Wentai is on his side at this time. It's time to employ people, so he doesn't limit Hou Jing's power. Before Gao Huan died, he specially told his son Gao Cheng to be careful of Hou Jing. Hou Jing has always despised Gao Cheng. After Gao Cheng came to power, he immediately defected.
Hou Jing wanted to get yuwentai's support at first, but yuwentai was wary of him. As a last resort, Hou Jing led his troops to take refuge in Liang Dynasty in 547. Because Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty wanted to succeed in the northern expedition with the help of Hou Jing, he accepted his surrender and gave him high treatment (according to the book of Liang Dynasty, Gaozu issued an imperial edict to seal the king of Henan, the great general, the envoy Chijie, Dong supervised the military affairs in the north and south of Henan, and daxingtai, such as the story of Deng Yu). Gaocheng sent General Murong shaozong to attack Hou Jing, and Liang sent Zhenyang Hou Xiao Yuanming to support him. As a result, Xiao Yuanming was defeated and captured.
At this time, the Eastern Wei proposed reconciliation. Hou Jing panicked. Liang Wudi did not realize this, he continued to negotiate with the Eastern Wei Dynasty. Hou Jing pretended to be Gao Cheng and wrote a letter proposing to exchange Xiao Yuanming for Hou Jing, which was accepted by Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty. Hou Jing was so angry that he rebelled.
Revolt
Hou Jing made full use of the contradictions of Liang Dynasty. He guarded Shouyang as a herdsman in southern Yuzhou, abolished the market tax and land rent that exploited the people in the Liang Dynasty, made the people join the rebels, and distributed the people's children to the rebels, making Shouyang a big military camp. Xiao Zhengde, the Linhe king who was the adopted son of Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty, had a long history of ambition, and Hou Jing was also associated with it. Hou Jing repeatedly asked for money and weapons from the Liang Court, and his words became more arrogant. However, Emperor Wu of Liang never refused, and indulged in giving Hou Jing a "messenger" to transport goods. Xiao Fan, Yang Ya Ren, Yuan Zhen, Pei Zhi Ti and others reported Hou Jingyu's rebellion to the imperial court one after another, but Liang Wu Di and Zhu Yi and others did not agree. Hou Jing took advantage of Emperor Wu's fatuous appeasement policy to grow rapidly.
After several months of preparation, on August 10, the first year of Liang Taiqing (548), Hou Jing started his army in Shouyang on the pretext of killing Zhu Yi, the leader of the central military, Xu Fan, the right guard of the crown prince, Lu Yan, and Zhou Shizhen, the supervisor of the manufacturing Bureau. There were about 8000 troops, which officially opened the curtain of Hou Jing's rebellion. Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty sent Xiao Lun, king of Shaoling, to take charge of all the troops and attack Hou Jing. Hou Jingzhi Liang Jun to attack, determined to fight for the initiative, give up Huainan, rate Qingqi raid Jiankang city. In September, Hou Jingliu will guard Shouyang by Wang Xiangui. He pretends to be a hunter and goes out of Shouyang city. In October, Hou Jingyang attacked Hefei, but actually occupied qiaozhou (today's Chuzhou in Anhui Province) and Liyang (today's Hexian County in Anhui Province), and then led troops to Linjiang. Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty consulted Yang Kan, the Minister of the capital, to discuss Hou Jing's strategy. Yang Kan asked 2000 people to rush to quarry stones (now Ma'anshan, Anhui Province), and another army to attack Shouyang, which made Hou Jing lose his ground. But Yang Kan's suggestion was not adopted.
Emperor Wu of Liang ordered Xiao Zhengde to be the general and commander of Pingbei, and to garrison Danyang (now Danyang, Jiangsu Province). Xiao Zhengde had already made an appointment with Hou Jing, and sent dozens of large ships to secretly help Hou Jing's army in the name of transporting reeds. At that time, Liang Ningyuan's General Wang Zhi led the navy to patrol the river for 3000 times. Hou Jing was about to cross the river. Fearing that he would be blocked by him, he sent spies to check. At this time, Chen Xin, the commander-in-chief of Liang Linchuan, suggested to Liang Wudi that quarrying was urgent and heavy troops were needed to guard, while Wang Zhi's water army was weak and asked for more garrison troops. Emperor Wu of Liang ordered Wang Zhi to change defense with Chen Xin. The spy informed Hou Jing of the news. Hou Jing took advantage of Wang Zhi's exchange of defense with Chen Xin and led 8000 troops to cross the Hengjiang River (now southwest of Hexian County in Anhui Province) to seize the quarry and capture Chen Xin. After that, they divided forces to attack gushucheng (now Dangtu, Anhui Province), captured the Huainan prefect Xiao Ning, and the main force went to Cihu (now northwest Dangtu, Anhui Province), which shocked Jiankang. Emperor Liang entrusted military affairs to the crown prince Xiao Gang. The crown prince deployed Jiankang defense and ordered his son Xiao Daqi, king of Xuancheng, to govern all the troops in the city and pardon the prisoners. When people heard that Hou Jing's army had arrived, they scrambled to flee into the city. The literati and bureaucrats had not seen weapons for decades, and they were very weak. After hearing about the change, they were in constant panic. The crown prince appreciated Yang Kan's courage and wisdom and relied on him very much.
Hou Jingjun crossed the river on October 20 and arrived at zhuquehang on October 24. Due to Xiao Zhengde's internal staff, Hou Jing quickly breaks through the Zhuque gate, and Yu Xin, the East Palace scholar who guards the gate, runs away. Then, Xiao Zhengde opened the xuanyang gate to welcome Hou Jingjun into the city. Since October 25, Hou Jingjun besieged Taicheng (Palace City). Due to Yang Kan's insistence, he could not attack Taicheng for a long time, so he built a long siege to break the communication between Taicheng and outside. On the first day of November in the first year of the Qing Dynasty (548), Xiao Zhengde became emperor, changed yuan Zhengping, made Hou Jing prime minister, and stepped up his offensive against Taicheng.
Arbitrary power
In the third year of Liang Taiqing (549), Hou Jing conquered Taicheng, and Liang Wudi Xiao Yan was starved to death. Hou Jing appointed Prince Xiao Gang as emperor, and Hou Jing appointed himself governor of Dadu, forcing the beautiful Liyang princess to marry him. Later, he called himself "General of the universe". Under the siege of Taicheng for a long time, the food supply was cut off and the epidemic broke out. After entering Jiankang, Hou Jing drove all the civil and military officers out of the Manchu Dynasty, and ordered the soldiers to kill them. Three thousand of them were killed, and the corpses filled the road. Hou Jingqi later sent troops to burn, kill and plunder in Sanwu area.
In the second year of Liang Dabao (551), Hou Jing abolished Xiao Gang and established Wang Xiaodong as emperor of Yuzhang, and changed his reign to Tianzheng. In the same year, Xiao dongchan was appointed again, and Hou Jing ascended to the throne as emperor. His name was Han Dynasty, and he changed the Yuan Dynasty to Taishi. Hou Ba, the first ancestor of Han Dynasty, and Hou Jin, the seventh ancestor of Jin Dynasty. So he respected his ancestor Zhou as the prime minister and his father Hou as the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
There are no bones left
In 552, Hou Jing was defeated by Chen Baxian and Wang Seng Bian. Hou Jing tries to escape and is killed by his subordinates. Wang Seng Bian cut off his hands and gave them to Gao Yang. His head was sent to Jiangling. His body was exposed in the streets of Jiankang. The local people ate up his body, and even his wife Princess Liyang ate his meat. After the bones were burned to ashes, some people drank the ashes mixed with wine. Xiao Yi, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, ordered that his head be hung in the busy market of Jiangling for public display. Then he boiled his head, painted it, and handed it to the armory for collection, which was the same treatment as Wang Mang, who usurped the Western Han Dynasty. Hou Jing had five sons who stayed in the north. The eldest son was skinned by Gao Cheng and boiled to death. The other four sons were castrated and boiled to death.
Main achievements
interior
Hou Jing changed his name to "Han" after he became emperor. He named Xiao Dong emperor of Huaiyin and put him under house arrest. The law of Liang Dynasty was changed to the law of Han Dynasty, the book of zuohu was changed to the book of Dianzhong, the book of five soldiers was changed to the book of seven soldiers, and the commander of Zhidian was changed to Zhishu.
Hou Jing set up dozens of officials of the three gongs, and his instruments were also many. But some officials can only ride a horse by themselves and lead the reins by themselves. Song Zixian, Guo Yuanjian, Zhang Huaren and Ren Yue were appointed as zomingyuangong, and three gongs were added; Wang Wei and Suo Chaoshi were the chief counselors; Yu ziyue and Peng Jun were mainly responsible for decision-making; Chen Qing, LV Jiliao, Lu huilue, Yu He and Shi Anhe were their minions: they were more poisonous to the common people. There are dozens of others, such as Wang bochou and Ren Yanhe. Among the Liang people who were used by Hou Jing, only the old general Zhao Bochao, the former supervisor Ji Shizhen, the internal supervisor Yan Yao, and Wang Jishi Zhiming of Shaoling were used. For example, Wang Ke, Yuanluo, Yin Buhai, and Ji Hongzheng were not his confidants. Hou Jing's ancestor was named Yiyu Zhou. When Hou Jing usurped the throne, he took Zhou as a taboo.
military
Although Hou Jing occupied Jiankang, he failed to conquer the whole Jiangnan. In the process of expansion, they met strong resistance from Liang army and landlords. In 551, Hou Jing conquered Jiangzhou and Yingzhou, and took advantage of the victory to advance westward
Chinese PinYin : Hou Jing
Hou Jing
