Xu Yongchang

Xu Yongchang

Xu Yongchang (December 15, 1887 - July 12, 1959), born in Kui County, Shanxi Province (now Yuanping, Shanxi Province), was a famous military strategist in the period of the Republic of China, a first-class general of the National Revolutionary Army, the commander-in-chief of the Jin Sui army in the Central Plains war, and one of the four giants of the Military Commission during the Anti Japanese war.

On behalf of the Chinese government, he accepted the surrender of the Japanese government on board the Missouri. He was the president and Defense Minister of the Army University. He died in Taiwan in 1959.

Life of the characters

Orphans join the army

He was born on November 1, the 13th year of Guangxu in Yangou village, Gu County, Shanxi Province. According to the local custom of farming and reading in Gu County, at the age of five, Xu Yongchang read and read under the guidance of his father, and began to read such enlightening books as "Three Character Classic" and "hundred family surnames". When he was seven years old, he began to study the Analects of Confucius, followed by Mencius, the great learning, the doctrine of the mean, Zuo Zhuan, the book of books, and the book of songs. With a good old school foundation. In his childhood, Xu Yongchang was gifted and intelligent, but he lacked perseverance.

This year, Cixi fostered the Boxer Rebellion, which led to the invasion of China by the Allied forces of the eight countries, and Cixi fled to the West. Song Qing, President of Yijun (commander) and President of Wuwei left army, led his troops to Datong in December. A battalion base (Headquarters) is stationed in Uncle Cao's shop. Master (clerk) Mr. Xu Chunling is from Yingkou. He loves tea very much. Because the soldiers came here for the first time, they were greedy of going out to play. In addition, the old man was nearly 50 years old, and he was short of children. When he called for tea and water, there was often no one to answer. Yongchang can't bear it. He often brings water to make tea for the old man. The old man liked his honesty and diligence, but also pitied him for his filial piety. After inquiring about his life experience, he asked Yongchang, "would you like to go with me?" Yongchang replied, "yes." So he gave him a new name in the battalion. He was too young to be a soldier or a husband. He was only on duty beside master Xu. Yongchang moved to Yanggao with the camp, went to Gu County, passed hanhouling, crossed the Yellow River, crossed Maojin ferry, went to Huaiqing, passed Zhangde, Zhaozhou and Baoding, and the Song Qing Department was stationed in Tongzhou after Luan drove back to Beijing. For more than a year, Yongchang has traveled thousands of miles through dozens of prefectures and counties in three provinces. When he arrived in Tongzhou, he took care of the horses. He often goes to the stream where there is no one in the four fields to take off his clothes and wash them and dry them on the stone slab during the lunch break in summer. Officials often demonstrate that "Xu Yongchang is a man who sends out one suit of clothes, but he is much cleaner than the soldiers who send out two suits of clothes!" At the end of the year, we will make up for the army. At the age of 20, he Yuhuai, a copywriter, bought a private horse for him and joined the horse guard to fight bandits in Harbin. The first time he took part in the battle, his troops wiped out a group of bandits of 60-70 people and captured more than 10 people.

Study in the army

In 1904, at the age of 17, Xu Yongchang changed from a coolie in the army to a secretary. During this period, Xu Yongchang won the praise of his superiors by virtue of his hard work in the school when he was a child. At the same time, the use of spare time to step up reading, enrich themselves.

In 1908, Ma Yukun, the commander-in-chief of Zhili, set up the military left army camp school. Among the 160 students admitted, he was the second from the bottom. He studied furiously, "one hundred people, ten thousand people". After finishing the general course, he took the step course. He liked the four courses of tactics, algebra, trigonometry and history best, and ranked first in the examination. Because he often asked questions about teaching and learning in the classroom, some teachers mistakenly thought that they were deliberately embarrassed. Therefore, the general office of the school fined him a number of credits during the graduation examination of Xuantong in the third year, and pulled him to the second place to graduate. He was granted the post of Deputy Military Academy (Lieutenant). After the probation, he was officially assigned to the post of deputy post commander in zuozhao (company) of the front battalion of Zuojun left road in Wuwei. In response to the Wuchang Uprising in Taiyuan on the eighth day of September, Yan Xishan was promoted as governor of Shanxi. The Qing court ordered the left army of Wuwei to return to Datong. In 1911, during the revolution of 1911, Yongchang was inclined to revolution, unwilling to go back to his hometown to shoot, and asked his superior to stay in Beijing to be the new battalion commander.

In 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), Yongchang was admitted to the General Academy of the army.

In the winter of 1913 (the second year of the Republic of China), Yongchang graduated as the first, and was distributed to the company commander of Nanjing Army Reserve Academy. He resigned but did not go to the post, and was admitted to the fourth issue of the Army University.

At the beginning of 1914 (the third year of the Republic of China), the instructor was worse than that of the general school, and the Japanese instructor was suspected of being a detective.

At the end of 1916, President Li Yuanhong attended the graduation ceremony.

Classmate Sun Yue

On the new year's day of 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China), Yuan Shikai became emperor. At the end of spring, Yongchang and his classmate Sun Yue conspired to overthrow yuan and left Beijing for Shanghai and Zhejiang. After Yuan died, he returned to Lu to form a staff office for Wu Dazhou and returned to school in July. During the revolution of 1911, Xu Xifeng recruited brave people and went straight down to Datong. Yan Xishan was suspicious of him and exiled to Beijing and Tianjin. He was a loyal supporter of Sun Yat sen in the north. Yongchang could have been sent to Jiangxi at the request of Li Chun, the governor of Jiangxi Province. Because of the cooperation with xifengshen, Yongchang volunteered to be the chief training officer of the army.

In July 1917 (the sixth year of the Republic of China), Zhang Xun returned to Baoding to lobby Sun Yue, a consultant to Cao Kun, and Li Qishan from southern Shanxi went to Tianjin to negotiate with Xu Xifeng. Lu Jianzhang, the former governor of Shaanxi Province, asked him to take 10000 yuan to lobby Zhang Xiyuan of Tongzhou, who was short of pay, to come to Beijing to beg for Zhang Xun. Zhang LV occupied Chaoyang Gate and was persuaded out by Wang Shizhen. After Duan qiruima factory took the oath, Cao Kun responded. Yan Xishan sent the garrison envoy of Jinbei town from jingsui road to beg Zhang. Zhang Xun fled to the Dutch Embassy, and the farce ended. Since the end of Yuan Dynasty, Xu Yongchang and Sun Yue have been brothers. In December of the same year, Cao Kun ordered Sun Yue to set up an officer education regiment in Langfang. Sun served as the head of the regiment, and sun invited Yongchang to serve as the chief of education. Since then, most of the junior officers of the direct army have been recruited and supplemented, and they have become the cradle of the cadres of the third national army. When Sun Yat Sen saw that the northern Democratic Party comrades were isolated, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi Yasukuni army and confronted Chen Shufan, the governor of Shaanxi.

In May 1918 (the seventh year of the Republic of China), in order to manage the Northwest Revolutionary Base, xuxifeng, Yongchang and other five people went to Guangdong to visit Zhongshan, which had been transferred to Japan. They went to Kunming, Bijie and Chongqing via Hong Kong and Vietnam, met with Tang Jiyao, and worked with Xiong Kewu Association in Chengdu to help Yu Youren. Because all the troops of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan had no intention to go far, they were not able to fight with the governor of Shaanxi, and they went back to their hometown after tens of thousands of miles.

In 1920 (9 years of the Republic of China), after the Zhiwan war, Xu Yongchang was the chief of staff of the 15th mixed brigade.

In 1922 (the 11th year of the Republic of China), in the Zhifeng war, Yongchang took over the command of the West Road from Sun Yue, who was ill. The war was fierce, and both sides suffered heavy casualties. He held fast to his position. After the war, Sun Yue served as the garrison envoy and right-wing patrol commander of Southern Hebei, and Xu Yongchang served as the head of the second regiment of the 15th mixed brigade.

After the Zhifeng war, Zhang zuolin secretly contacted Sun Yat Sen and Duan Qirui, organized a triangle alliance, and conspired to overthrow Cao Kun and Wu Peifu who occupied Beijing. Xu Xifeng and others, relying on their eloquence, have done the work of Feng Yuxiang, Sun Yue and others.

The third National Army

In September 1924, the second Zhifeng war broke out. Wu Peifu personally directed the East Road to fight outside Shanhaiguan, all the way to Shanhaiguan. However, Feng Yuxiang, who is in charge of Rehe in the West Road, plans to slow down in the name of road construction. On October 23, Feng entered the city. In advance, he made an appointment with the second regiment of Sun Yue's Department, which guarded the gates of each city. They took the black flag with white moon as a letter to each other, and surrounded the presidential palace, where Cao Kun lived in Yanqing building. Feng called the action "capital revolution" and the incident "Beijing coup" in history. Yongchang did not approve of this move in advance. (he thought that although the politics of Cao and Wu were not good, there were still people in the country who could promote their rectification and improvement. There are also those who abuse the common people, but we don't ask, but we want to overthrow Cao Wu first, which is not a matter of course), but we still keep in line with Sun Yue. After that, Sun Yue's Department was reorganized into the third national army, with a division and six brigades. Xu Yongchang resigned as the division commander and became the brigade commander of the first mixed brigade of the third army. He was stationed in Baoding and was responsible for public security in the northern section of the Pingjin line.

At the beginning of 1925, Sun Yue was appointed commander-in-chief of the three provinces of Henan, Shaanxi and Gansu, and Xu Yongchang was also commander-in-chief of the first route of the third army, which started from Baoding and moved westward through Henan. In August of that year, Sun Yue was ordered to serve as the governor of Shaanxi Province and Xu Yongchang as the commander of the first division of the third army and the commander of Shaanxi police, preparing to march to Gansu. Unexpectedly, Duan Qirui appointed Feng Yuxiang as the governor of Gansu Province. Under the situation that the third army was unable to enter Gansu Province and was unable to stay in Shaanxi Province for self-sufficiency, Duan Qirui led troops to move eastward, out of Henan Province and north to Beijing and Tianjin. In the autumn of the same year, the third army of the people could not enter Gansu, but went out of Tongguan to Henan. At this time, xuxifeng and others are instigating Henan fan Zhongxiu to attack Shanxi. Fan continued to agitate, saying that I know the weakness of the Shanxi army very well. It can be said that it is as quiet as a virgin, and it is as moving as a virgin. At the sound of a gun, it will run away. Moreover, the wealth of Qi (county), Tai (Valley) and Ping (remote) is beyond your imagination. Yan Xishan sent people to borrow military pay in the Yuan Dynasty. The Qu family in Qi county demolished a wall and took out 500000 taels of silver. If you enter the Jin Dynasty, do you still worry about your salary? Deeply inspired, fan Zhongxiu actively prepared to attack Jin. Xu Xifeng tried to win over sun yuebu from Fuzhi to Henan to deal with Shanxi.

As a native of Shanxi Province, Xu Yongchang did not want to make contributions to the army. He had a good feeling for Yan Xishan's "model provincial government". He also had an old friendship with Jin generals Zhou Dai and sun Chu, and tried his best to block the attack on Jin military. At the military conference held in Zhengzhou, Hu Jingyi defense area of the second national army, Xu Yongchang said that Shanxi always pursues the principle of "protecting the territory and pacifying the people". When attacking Shanxi, the division is unknown, and if it moves, it will be defeated. It's better to fight Zhili first, then take Shandong and drive out Fengjun before making plans. After that, Xu Yongchang led his troops to the north. In Shijiazhuang, he met Gong Fukui and Hu Defu, who were supposed to attack Jin with fan Zhongxiu. Xu Yongchang made it clear that I was ordered by the governor (Sun Yue) to hold a meeting with Yue (Weijun, commander of the second National Army) and decided to join forces to attack Feng. I can't care how you act. Gong and Hu were from Shanxi, and they did not want to fight with the Jin army. After hearing what Xu Yongchang said, he gave up his plan to attack Jin and went north. In this way, Xu Xifeng carefully planned

Chinese PinYin : Xu Yong Chang