Cheng De

Nalanxingde

Nalanxingde (from January 19, 1655 to July 1, 1685) is a member of yehenara's family, whose name is Rongruo. It was originally named Nalanxingde. It was once renamed Nalanxingde for avoiding Prince Baocheng. Manchuria is a native of Huangqi, a poet in the early Qing Dynasty.

Nalanxingde had read poetry and books since he was a child. He was a civil and military practitioner. He entered the Imperial College at the age of 17, and was appreciated by Xu Yuanwen. At the age of 18, he passed the examination and became a Gongshi the next year. Kangxi 15 years (1676) palace examination in the second seven, given Jinshi origin. Nalanxingde once worshipped Xu Qianxue as his teacher. In two years, he presided over the compilation of a collection of Confucianism, the interpretation of tongzhitang scriptures, which was highly appreciated by Emperor Kangxi. He was awarded the title of first-class bodyguard, and most of them traveled with him.

In the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), in the May of the lunar calendar, Nalanxingde passed away. He was only 30 years old.

Nalanxingde's Ci is famous for its "truth" and vivid scenery. The style of his Ci is "clear, graceful, sentimental, high and far-reaching, unique". His works include tongzhitang collection, sidecap collection, drinking water Ci, etc.

Life of the characters

Early years

On December 12, 1654, Nalanxingde was born in the capital. He had studied poetry and books since he was a child. He was a civil and military student. At the age of 17, he joined the Imperial Academy. He was praised by Xu Wenyuan and recommended to Xu Qianxue, a cabinet bachelor. At the age of 18, he took part in the shuntianfu rural examination and won the examination. At the age of 19, he took the second place in the examination and became a Gongshi. In 1673, he missed the palace examination because of illness. Kangxi 15 years (1676) to fill the palace examination, the examination of the second a seventh, given Jinshi origin. During this period, Nalanxingde studied hard and worshipped Xu Qianxue as his teacher. Under the guidance of a famous teacher, he compiled a collection of Confucianism, the interpretation of tongzhitang classics, which was highly appreciated by the emperor and laid the foundation for the future development. In addition, he compiled his experience of reading classics and history into four volumes of miscellaneous knowledge of Lushui Pavilion, which includes history, geography, astronomy, calendar, Buddhism, music, literature, textual research and other knowledge, showing a wide range of knowledge and hobbies.

Imperial bodyguard

Nalan Xingde was only 22 years old when he became a Jinshi. Kangxi loved Nalan's talent, and because Nalan was born in a prominent family, his family was closely related to the royal family (Nalan's mother was born in Aixinjueluo royal family; Nalan's great grandfather jintaiji was yehebubaile, and his younger sister menggugege was Huangtaiji's biological mother), he was left by Kangxi to teach him third-class bodyguard, and was promoted to first-class bodyguard soon after, and followed Kangxi many times On tour. He also sent an envoy to Solon to investigate the situation of Russia's invasion of the border.

Love poems

In 1674, Nalan married Lu, the daughter of Lu xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. In 1677, Lu Shi died of dystocia. Nalan's mourning voice broke through the air and became the peak of drinking water CI. Later generations can't surpass it, even he himself can't surpass it.

At the age of 24, Nalanxingde compiled a collection of Ci poems, which was called "collection of side hats" and "Ci of drinking water". Later generations added and supplemented 349 pieces to the two collections, and combined them into Nalan CI. Nalan Ci, handed down from generation to generation, enjoyed a high reputation in the society at that time and was highly praised by scholars. When people said, "every family competes to sing" drinking water Ci ", how many people know Nalan's mind?" We can see the great influence of his ci.

Nalan Xingde's friends are "all very different at one time, and they are known in the world as those who are difficult to get along with each other". Most of these people who refuse to fall into the common customs are Jiangnan cloth literati, such as Gu Zhenguan, Yan shengsun, Zhu YIZUN, Chen Weisong, Jiang Chenying and so on. Nalanxingde was very sincere to his friends. He not only helped his friends to save money, but also respected their character and talent. Just like "three thousand plain guests", many famous scholars and talents who wanted to be promoted and made a fortune were around him at that time, which made his residence Lushui Pavilion (now Song Qingling's former residence neienbotang) famous for the large number of imperial scholars gathered in Kangxi.

die young

In the late spring of the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), Nalan Xingde got together with his friends when he was ill. He got drunk and chanted three times, then he fell ill. Seven days later, he passed away on May 30 of the lunar calendar in 1685, the 24th year of Emperor Kangxi. He was only 30 years old.

Where is Nalanxingde buried? It is located on a terrace in the north of Shangzhuang village, Shangzhuang Township, Haidian District, and in the west of zaojiatun. It was built in the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, with a total area of 340 mu. The cemetery is divided into two parts: South Shoudi and North Shoudi, with nine Baoding and two earth tombs.

The top of Nalanxingde's tomb is a grand building, with a base of bluestone, a middle part of white marble, a design engraved, and a half dome of Sanhe earth tamped on the top. The Nalan family cemetery was well preserved in the Qing Dynasty and was stolen many times. During the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, it was seriously damaged. In the winter of 1970, it was completely demolished.

Main impact

Literary achievements

There are 348 Poems (342 poems) about Nalanxingde's poems, which cover love and friendship, frontier fortress and Jiangnan, chanting things and history, and miscellaneous feelings. The scenery is about water and he Youduo. Although his works are not many and his vision is not wide, Nalanxingde's poems are beautiful because of his feelings, and Nalanxingde is a man of great temperament, so his poems are excellent Kuang Zhouyi praised it as "the first ci writer at the beginning of the country" in Huifeng Cihua.

Nalan Ci not only enjoys a high reputation in the Qing Dynasty, but also occupies a brilliant place in the history of Chinese literature. Looking at Nalanxingde's Ci style, it is fresh, meaningful and beautiful, sentimental and obstinate, which is quite close to the later master of the Southern Tang Dynasty. He once said: "Huajian's Ci is like ancient jade, which is valuable but not applicable; Song's Ci is applicable but less valuable, and Li's empress has its own beauty, which is even more confusing." In addition, his Ci was also influenced by Hua Jian Ji and Yan Jidao.

Nalan CI had a sensational effect in Nalan Rongruo's life, and was praised as "the first poet of the Qing Dynasty" and "the first scholar" after his death. The scholars of the Qing Dynasty all spoke highly of him. By the time of the Republic of China, Nalan was still a famous example of the early death of a talented man.

Wang weizanqi said, "look at things with the eyes of nature and express feelings with the tongue of nature. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has been only one person. "

. Zhang Henshui's Chunming waishi even wrote about a talented man who died at the age of 30. His friend lamented: "seeing the words he wrote on weekdays, I expect that he, like Nalan Rongruo, can't live forever."

On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of Nalanxingde's death, the Research Association of Nalanxingde in Chengde was established, and Nalanxingde research entered a climax.

In August 1997, the Taiwan historical literature society and the naranxingde Research Association of Chengde jointly sponsored and organized the "cross strait Minority Literature Seminar" held in Chengde. The research on naranxingde's works is an important topic of the conference. Naran's family background, life, thought and creation have been increasingly comprehensive and profound research. Chengde has Nalanxingde Research Institute which studies Nalanxingde.

Calligraphy achievements

The original manuscript of Nalanxingde is regarded as a "national treasure" by the research circle of Nalanxingde in China. It is now stored in Shanghai Library. There are thirty-six hand slips. It can be said that this is the only confirmed manuscript of Nalanxingde found so far, which is of great value.

There is a couplet signed by Nalan Chengde, which should have been written before the change of name. It may be the only calligraphy handed down by Nalan Rongruo.

Book collectors

Nalanxingde loved collecting books all his life. He studied Confucian classics from Gu Zhenguan, Chen Weisong and Xu Qianxue. It once cost 400000 Jin, and the books of Confucian classics since Song Dynasty were engraved as 1860 volumes of tongzhitang Classics (later scholar he Zhuo compiled the catalogue of tongzhitang Classics).

There are selected poems of the whole Tang Dynasty.

Chen Cui's collection of Ci in shuishuizhengyu and his collection of Ci in huishuitongyi.

Yingnian devoted himself to history, calligraphy and poetry. Qin Songling and Zhu YIZUN were asked to buy the classics of song and Yuan Dynasties. They got more than 140 kinds of manuscripts, surrounded by ten thousand volumes of ancient books, and built "Tongzhi hall" and "coral Pavilion" for collecting books. They enjoyed playing songs, evaluating calligraphy and painting, and collecting ancient books. The collection is printed with the words "coral Pavilion", "xiufozhai" and "yuanyangguan".

Characteristics of literature

On physical property

In Nalan's Ci, there are many scenes about water and lotus. First of all, its other business is called "Lushui Pavilion". No matter what the current controversy about the location of Lushui Pavilion is, whether it is on the Bank of Shichahai in the capital, or at the foot of Yuquan mountain in the western suburb, or at the Bank of Yuhe River in zaojiatun, its fief, it can not leave a word of water. It's a building near water, or a garden with water.

For water, Nalanxingde has a special preference. In traditional Chinese culture, water is regarded as a living substance and is regarded as virtuous. And the virtue of water is better than that of a gentleman. It moistens all things, overcomes hardness with softness, and endlessly flows. It gives its philosophical connotation from the perspective of material nature. This point is particularly valued by Nalanxingde, a poet.

After the capital of Beijing was established in the Ming Dynasty, many dignitaries built private gardens inside and outside the city. For example, the British public garden in the city, the Tsinghua garden of Li Wei, the imperial relative in the western suburbs, and the spoon garden of Mi Wanzhong in Cao Lang are all very famous.

In the Qing Dynasty, especially in the western suburbs, the royal family started to build gardens. From Changchun Garden to Yuanming garden, three mountains and five gardens were the peak in the history of ancient Chinese gardening. In order to follow suit, for the convenience of the court, and even for enjoyment, the princes and ministers also bought land in the western suburbs and built their own garden and villa businesses.

The pearl is just a short distance away from Changchun Garden, where Ziyi garden will be built. Taking advantage of the scenery of Haidian and Xishan, the private garden in Jiangnan is constructed. Nalanxingde named his other business "Lushui Pavilion" not only because he had water, but also because he admired water. And put

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