Qin Liangyu

Qin Liangyu

Qin Liangyu (1574-1648, July 11) was born in Zhongzhou, Sichuan Province (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing city). She was a famous female general and national hero at the end of Ming Dynasty.

The husband Ma Qiancheng is a descendant of General Ma Yuan of hanfubo. He is a hereditary Shi Zhu Xuanwei envoy (commonly known as chieftain). After Ma Qiancheng was killed, because his son Ma Xianglin was young, Qin Liangyu took the post of husband. Qin Liangyu led his brothers Qin bangping and Qin minping to fight against the Qing army, the rebellion of shechongming and the rebellion of Zhang Xianzhong. They made outstanding achievements in the war and were awarded the title of second grade imperial concubine. Emperor Chongzhen wrote four poems in praise of Qin Liangyu. After Qin Liangyu's death, many scholars praised Qin Liangyu for his poems. Bingxin and Guo Moruo also praised Qin Liangyu in modern times. Patriotic general Feng Yuxiang once said: "in memory of Hua Mulan, we should learn from Qin Liangyu." After the collapse of Ming Dynasty, the Southern Ming Dynasty named Qin Liangyu as "loyal Marquis".

In the compilation of history in all dynasties, female celebrities are recorded in the biographies of women, and Qin Liangyu is the only heroine in history who was independently recorded in the biographies of official history generals as a famous general of the dynasty.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Qin Liangyu is from Zhongzhou. Brave and intelligent, good at riding and shooting, and good at writing, elegant demeanor. Marching and managing troops, the order is strict, and the troops they lead are known as "white soldiers", which are well-known far and near.

In the 27th year of Wanli (1599), Yang Yinglong made trouble in Bozhou (today's Zunyi City, Guizhou Province). Qin Liangyu's husband, Shizhu Xuanfu envoy, Ma Qiancheng, led 3000 people to the expedition with Li Hualong. Qin Liangyu led 500 elite troops to escort grain and grass, and with his deputy general Zhou Guozhu to guard dengkan (today's Fenggang county, Guizhou Province).

In the 28th year of Wanli (1600), Yang Yinglong's army launched an attack while Li Hualong's army held a banquet in the camp. Qin Liangyu and her husband defeated him first, and then took advantage of the victory to attack seven barracks, including jinzhuguan. Qin Liangyu won the first prize in the battle of Nanchuan Road, but after Yang Yinglong was defeated and died, Qin Liangyu did not report his military merit.

In 1613, Ma Qiancheng was falsely accused by eunuch Qiu Chengyun and died in Yunyang prison. Qin Liangyu took the post of Ma Qiancheng.

In the first year of Taichang (1620), the later Jin Dynasty invaded Liaodong, and the imperial court ordered Qin Liangyu to send troops to help. Qin Liangyu's elder brother, Qin bangping, and his younger brother, Qin minping, led thousands of people to go there first. The imperial court gave Qin Liangyu three grade official clothes, and appointed Qin bangping as the capital secretary, and Qin minping as the garrison.

Suppress the rebellion

In the first year of Tianqi (1621), the later Jin Dynasty surrounded the important town of Shenyang. Qin bangping and Qin minping crossed Hunhe River with the commander-in-chief Tong Zhongkui in a bloody battle with the Qing army. Qin bangping died in the battle and Qin minping broke out. Qin Liangyu then personally led 3000 people to Yuguan (now Shanhaiguan, Hebei Province), where they passed without any violation. Emperor Xizong of Ming Dynasty issued an imperial edict to add second grade official clothes to Qin Liangyu, and appointed Qin Liangyu as Gaoming's wife and Ma Xianglin, Qin Liangyu's son, as commander. Qin Liangyu spoke about Qin bangping's death and asked for a preferential pension. Zhang Heming, Minister of the Ministry of war, said that he had captured thousands of enemy heads in the bloody battle in Hunhe, which was actually the credit of the chieftains of Shizhu and Youyang. He suggested that Zhu Youxiao treat Qin Liangyu's family well. Zhu Youxiao then ordered to present the book to Qin bangping's governor Qian Shi, who was inherited by his descendants. He also set up a temple with Chen CE and others to offer sacrifices. Qin minping's official entered the capital to write the book.

In September of the same year, the Ministry of war asked Qin Liangyu to return to his hometown for another 2000 soldiers. After Qin Liangyu and Qin minping returned home, it happened that Xuanfu envoy she Chongming of Yongning (now Xuyong County, Sichuan Province) rebelled in Chongqing. His ministry fan long sent envoys with gold, silver and silk to make an alliance with Qin Liangyu. Qin Liangyu killed the emissary and immediately sent troops to lead Qin minping and Qin bangping's sons, Qin Yiming and Qin Gongming, upstream to the west to cross Chongqing city. When the enemy was unprepared, they went straight to Nanping pass in Chongqing and cut off the thieves' return. Qin Liangyu set up an ambush to attack the two rivers, burning down the enemy's ships. After that, Qin Liangyu divided his troops to defend Zhongzhou and sent a horse to Kuizhou to ask the local garrison to defend the upper and lower reaches of Qutang gorge and repel the invading bandits. Qin Liangyu showed Qin minping's military achievements. The imperial court promoted Qin minping as a general, and Qin Yiming and Qin Gongming were on guard.

In the second year of Tianqi (1622), he Chongming surrounded Chengdu, and Zhu Xieyuan, governor of Sichuan Province, sent Qin Liangyu to fight. At that time, chieftains all over the country were greedy for bribes from bandits and did nothing but Qin Liangyu beat drums to the West. Qin Liangyu led the army to capture the new capital, drove straight to Chengdu, defeated she Chongming, and solved the siege of Chengdu. After the defeat of she Chongming, Qin Liangyu led Qin minping to conquer Erlang pass and fotu pass and recover Chongqing. The imperial court then appointed Qin Liangyu as the commander-in-chief of the commander-in-chief, and granted him the title of his wife, Ma Xianglin as a consolation envoy, Qin minping as the Deputy commander-in-chief, and Qin Yiming and Qin Gongming as the general. Qin Liangyu recovered hongyadun, Guanyin temple, qingshandun and other important strongholds of the bandit army after he was granted the official post. He defeated Chongming and committed suicide. Qin Liangyu completely put an end to the rebellion of he Chongming in Sichuan. The imperial court rewarded Qin Liangyu with gold coins for many times.

In the third year of Tianqi (1623), Qin Liangyu wrote: "I took Qin Yiming and Qin Gongming to fight with grain and won the three battles like hongyadun. However, the generals who alienated our monarchs and ministers, who had never seen the bandits before, waved their arms and boasted all day long. When they confronted the bandits, they ran away. Those who have been defeated by the bandits fear that others will defeat them; those who have been frightened by the bandits fear that others will be more courageous than the bandits. Like General Li Weixin, he failed in the battle of crossing the river and returned to the camp. Instead, he refused me to meet him in the city. If a six foot man is jealous of a woman, he should die of shame if he thinks about it at night The Emperor Zhu Youxiao then issued an imperial edict that the Minister of culture and military affairs must treat Qin Liangyu with courtesy without any suspicion.

In the fourth year of Tianqi (1624), Qin minping and Governor Wang Sanshan led the army to defeat in the battle of Lu Guang, and Wang Sanshan took the lead to escape. Qin minping defeated the bandits in Dafang and won many battles. When he retired, he was attacked by bandits and died. Qin Zuoming and Qin Zuoming, two sons of Qin minping, broke out of the encirclement but were also seriously injured. Qin Liangyu wrote to ask for a pension, so the imperial court gave Qin minping as the governor's common knowledge, and set up a temple to offer sacrifices. His two sons were appointed as the general, Qin Yiming, Qin Gongming and the deputy commander in chief.

King Qin in Beijing

In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), the Qing army launched a large-scale attack, the four cities of Yongping were lost, and Huangtaiji entered and encircled Kyoto. Qin Liangyu led Qin Yiming to serve the king, and took out the assets of his family as military pay. The Emperor Zhu Youjian specially issued an imperial edict to praise Qin Liangyu, summoned Qin Liangyu on the platform, rewarded Qin Liangyu with coins, livestock, wine, etc., and wrote four poems in recognition of Qin Liangyu's contributions. After Huang Taiji retreated, Qin Liangyu led his troops back to his hometown, while Qin Yiming was stationed near the capital.

In 1631, sun Chengzong built Dalinghe city. Qin Yiming led 10000 people to protect it. After the construction, he led his troops back to the city. In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), the bandits defeated Henan. The imperial court appointed Qin Yiming as the commander in chief, and asked him to lead the army to attack. The next year, after the death of general Deng Wangji, because his subordinates were all from Sichuan, the imperial court ordered Qin Yiming to lead them to defeat the bandits in qingyahe, wujiayan and yuanjiaping, and strangled the way to Yunxi. However, Qin Yiming was flustered and timid, and his generals failed one after another. However, he failed to report to the superior. Therefore, he was removed from the rank of commander in chief and demoted to the second rank. He continued to suppress the thieves. Later, he followed Lu Xiangsheng to chase the thieves in Gucheng. The bandits fled to Junzhou. Qin Yiming defeated them in qingshipu. The bandits entered the mountain to defend themselves, and Qin Yiming defeated them again. Then he broke the thieves in Jieshan, sandaohe and HUAYUANGOU, and caught two general of the bandit army, heishashen and feishanhu. The bandits are in the area of Yunyang and Xiangyang. When Miao Hongtu, the governor of Yunyang, sent envoys to recruit and surrender the bandits, Qin Yiming agreed with this. As a result, he was deceived and did not surrender. Qin Yiming and Miao Hongtu were impeached. Later, the bandits invaded Xiangyang, and Yiming fought continuously to gain the results. They stationed troops at miaotan to guard the shallow water of Hanjiang River. However, Luo Rucai and Liu Guoneng crossed over from deep water, and then harassed them in Qichun and Huanggang. Emperor Chongzhen then stopped the officials of miaozhitu and severely criticized Qin Yiming. Soon after, Qin Yiming was impeached and dismissed.

Anti war and anti King

In 1634, Zhang Xianzhong captured Kuizhou, an important town in eastern Sichuan (now Fengjie County, Chongqing). Qin Liangyu led his troops to the city, and Zhang Xianzhong left without fighting. Qin Liangyu led the army to pursue him. He and his son Ma Xianglin, who happened to return to Sichuan, beat Zhang Xianzhong and made him retreat from Huguang. Then Zhang Xianzhong was recruited by the imperial court.

In 1640, Zhang Xianzhong and Luo Rucai rebelled again, and Luo Rucai led his troops to attack Kuizhou. Qin Liangyu led the army to the village, but Luo Rucai left without fighting. Qin Liangyu chased to Majiazhai, defeated Luo Rucai and beheaded him by 600 levels. Qin Liangyu led the army to pursue him. He defeated the enemy soldiers in liumaya, Tanjiaping Beishan and xiansiling successively, killed his leader dongshanhu and captured deputy doutian alive. Huidengxiang and Wang Guangen surrendered and captured Luo Rucai's flag. Luo Rucai's army gradually declined.

In the same year, Yang Sichang invited himself as the commander to fight against thieves in Sichuan. Yang Sichang advocated the strategy of driving thieves into Sichuan. He transferred the elite from Sichuan to Chu. Shao Jiechun, the governor of Sichuan, led 20000 old and disabled soldiers to Chongqing. Only Zhang Ling and Qin Liangyu relied on them. However, Shao Jiechun did not fight for danger and passive defense. He let Qin Liangyu set up a defense at 30 or 40 Li near Chongqing and sent Zhang Ling to guard Huang Niwa. Qin Liangyu sighed to Lu Xun, the governor of mianzhou (now Mianyang City, Sichuan Province), who had resigned. He deeply pointed out the disadvantages of this kind of defense and was ashamed to die together with Shao Jiechun. Soon after, Shao Jiechun moved his camp to Dachang and supervised Wan Yuanji

Chinese PinYin : Qin Liang Yu