director

director

Hong Shen (1894-1955), the word shallow ya, No. Bo Jun. He was born in Wujin, Jiangsu Province (now Changzhou City) and the sixth grandson of Hong Liangji, a writer of the Qing Dynasty. Playwright, director, artist and literary theorist, pioneer of Chinese film and drama, pioneer of Anti Japanese war.

He was admitted to Tsinghua University in 1912, Chemical Engineering Department of Ohio State University in 1916, drama training class of Harvard University in 1919, returned to China in 1922, and joined drama society in September 1923. In 1930, he joined the left wing writers' League of China and joined the left wing troupe League in the name of Guangming Opera Society. After the Anti Japanese war broke out in 1937, he immediately joined in the Anti Japanese flood. In April 1938, the third office of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the national government was established. Hong Shen served as the chief of the drama section, and together with Tian Han, formed ten anti enemy drama teams. In 1940, he took poison to commit suicide due to financial difficulties, and got out of danger after rescue. In May 1949, he went to the Soviet Union to attend the first World Peace Congress. He died in 1955.

Hong Shen is a writer, director and performer. He is a rare all rounder in China's film and drama circles. In his life, he has created 38 screenplays, created and translated 55 plays, directed 9 films, and directed 55 plays. He has also written 12 Monographs on film and drama theory, such as Hongshen's Anthology of drama theory and film and drama performance.

Life of the characters

Student period

He entered a private school in 1900.

From 1906 to 1907, he studied in Shanghai Xuhui public school and Nanyang public school.

In 1912, he was admitted to Tsinghua School in Beijing and was enthusiastic about new drama activities.

In 1913, because of the "Song Jiaoren incident", the family took refuge in Qingdao.

In 1915, he began to write a play, "pear seller" is the first work inspired by Laoshan pear. Since then, he has been engaged in drama activities for a long time.

In the summer of 1916, after graduating from Tsinghua University, he went to the United States to study Ceramic Engineering in the Chemical Engineering Department of Ohio State University. At the same time, he continued to make and act plays.

In 1919, he was admitted to the drama training class of Harvard University and became the first overseas student to study drama in China. He studied literature and drama at Harvard University in the United States, and studied at the sound performance school in Boston. He also studied performance, directing, stage technology, theater management and other courses at the drama school attached to the copperley theatre, and obtained a master's degree.

In 1920, after graduating from school, he went to New York to perform in a professional troupe. The next year, he and Zhang Pengchun wrote the English drama Mulan joined the army.

Early career

After returning to China in the spring of 1922, he first served as a director of the general material management office of Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company Shanghai head office and concurrently as the private English Secretary of general manager Jian Zhaonan.

In 1923, Zhao Yan Wang, the first play, played the leading role.

In September 1923, he joined the Drama Association as director of rehearsal, and successively performed shrew and the end of life. From then on, he began to establish the experimental activities of modern Chinese drama. He established a formal directing system, carried out strict rehearsal, and realized the co performance of men and women, and changed the stage setting from the original plane to three-dimensional. These practices were the first in China at that time, which made the historical transformation of Chinese drama in the transition from civilized drama to modern drama.

At the beginning of 1924, Hong Shen adapted Mrs. Windermere's fan written by Oscar Wilde of England into the fan of young granny. In April, the "Drama Association" premiered "little grandma's fan" in Shanghai. This performance established a serious stage style of drama, which made Hong Shen famous. In the same year, he was the director of star film company and the president of China Film School.

In April 1928, Hong Shen proposed to use the word "drama" to unify the appellation of drama at that time, and joined the Nanguo society in the winter of the same year.

In 1928, Hong Shen edited and directed silent films such as "female secretary" and "kick out" in the star film company, and actively devoted himself to the innovation of the film industry. He once went to the United States to buy the first audio projector, and edited and directed China's first audio screenplay "singing girl red peony".

In 1926, he founded Fudan Opera Club, and successively served as professor and director of Foreign Languages Department of Fudan University, Jinan University, Shandong University, Sun Yat sen University, Xiamen University, Beijing Normal University, etc. He has been engaged in teaching for 30 years.

Since 1922, Hong Shen has also been engaged in film work. He was the director of star film company from 1925 to 1937. He wrote the first complete Chinese film literature script Shentu, and introduced the sound film technology.

Left wing League period

In 1930, he joined the left wing writers League of China as an English secretary. In August, he initiated the establishment with Tian Han and others, and joined the Chinese left wing troupe Alliance (reorganized into the "left wing dramatists alliance" in 1931) as general secretary in the name of Guangming Opera Society.

In 1931, he taught in Fudan University and Jinan University.

In 1934, he returned to Qingdao and worked as the director of the Department of foreign languages at Shandong University. Besides teaching, he is still engaged in drama research and related activities. He participated in the well-known Beijing Opera ticket agency "harmony society", led the teachers and students to perform the drama "parasitic grass", and created the formal film literature script "peach blossom after robbery".

In July 1935, Wang Tongzhao, Lao She, Wang Yuqi, Wang Yaping, Du Yu, Li Tongyu, Wu boxiao, Meng Chao, Zhao Shaohou, Ke Jia, Liu Simeon, who will be with Qingdao, founded the literary journal "summer record", which is published weekly with Qingdao people's daily. Soon after, he returned to Shanghai to co-operate with Xia Yan and others in the "bright" semimonthly magazine as publisher and editor in chief. He once boycotted the release of the American humiliating film "not afraid of death".

the period of the war of Resistance Against Japan

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he immediately threw himself into the flood of Anti Japanese, took part in the second team of Shanghai National Salvation drama, served as the captain, and performed in Wuhan.

In April 1938, the third Department of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the national government was established. He served as the chief of the drama section. Together with Tian Han, he set up 10 Anti Japanese drama teams, a children's Drama Company and other teams to publicize the Anti Japanese war in the war zone.

In November 1938, after the Changsha fire, Zhou Enlai was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Rehabilitation Committee, responsible for the distribution of relief funds for the victims.

In December 1939, he went to Chongqing with the third hall.

In 1940, he took poison to commit suicide due to financial difficulties, leaving a suicide note: it's better to go back if it's so difficult. After full rescue out of danger.

In 1943, he was a member of the Central Youth Drama Society.

In 1946, he taught at Fudan University in Chongqing, and concurrently served as the instructor of the drama department of the cultural research class of the Political Department of the Military Commission. He founded a teaching group and served as the head of the group;

In August 1946, he returned to Fudan University to teach.

In May 1947, he was dismissed for supporting the student movement and transferred to teach in the Department of foreign languages of Xiamen University.

The period of Liberation

In December 1948, he went to the northeast liberated area;

He arrived in Peiping in February 1949 and went to the Soviet Union to attend the first World Peace Congress in May. In June, he was deputy to the preparatory meeting of the National Political Consultative Conference; in September, he attended the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference; in the same year, he was director of the Foreign Language Department of Beijing Normal University and deputy director of the Foreign Cultural Affairs Liaison Bureau of the Ministry of culture.

In 1953, he was elected as a member of the presidium of the Chinese Federation of literary and art circles, vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association, and director of the Chinese Writers Association.

In 1954, he served as director of the Bureau of foreign cultural liaison of the people's Republic of China and vice president of the Chinese people's Association for foreign culture.

He died in Beijing on August 291955. He was 61 years old.

Main impact

Hong Shen, with profound attainments and outstanding achievements in drama theory, is one of the few drama theorists in the history of modern literature. He emphasizes that drama is for the people, expresses the spirit of the times, advocates the principle of realistic creation, and constantly develops and enriches his theoretical discussion and sums up many useful experiences from the perspective of Chinese social life and national psychological habits, and from the practice of drama creation. His main works include Hongshen drama anthology, screenwriter's twenty eight questions, film and drama performance, screenwriting methods of film and drama, introduction to modern drama, preliminary knowledge of drama director, recitation of drama words and poetry, drama movement and education in China since the Anti Japanese War, etc Theory, director, performance, phonics, recitation, lighting, stage art, history of world drama, history of Chinese drama movement and drama review not only provide a lot of valuable information, but also contain the author's insights, which is an important part of China's modern drama theory.

Shen Tu Shi, written by Hong Shen in 1924, is China's first film and literature script. Flying general is the first script to put the Chinese air force on the stage in the history of drama. He also created young master Feng, early birth of a noble son, love and gold, singing girl red peony, old Jinghua, peach blossom after robbery, old and new Shanghai, feminism, flower of society and long dreams at night《 More than 30 screenplays, such as beauty in troubled times, sailing in the same boat, crowing of chickens and watching the sky (adapted from the drama of the same name), have opened up the way for the development of film literature.

Character evaluation

Hong Shen's realistic dramas are characterized by a distinct rational color ("the lack of visualization is too mechanical to deal with the subject matter"), showing a tendency of "mechanical realism" (when we start to compile, we always decide the desired final effect in advance, and then carefully and patiently look for specific methods in accordance with the scope). The combination of social problem play and propaganda play is not only the characteristic of his play, but also the weakness of his play.

personal works

His works are Hongshen anthology and Hongshen anthology. Hongshen has created and compiled 38 plays in his life. Most of his works are based on real life and have distinctive characteristics of the times

Chinese PinYin : Hong Shen