Lu Xinyuan

Lu Xinyuan

Lu Xinyuan (1838-1894), the word just Fu, just father, No. cunzhai, late No. Qianyuan old man. Guian (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) people. One of the four major book collectors in the late Qing Dynasty.

In his early years, he studied under Wan Qingli, Wu Shifang, and Zhang xigeng, never forgetting what he read, and was proficient in Zheng (Xuan) and Xu (Shen). In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), he went to Zhili with Liu Changyou to suppress the Taiping army. In the fourth year of tongzhi (1865), he served as a military officer in Nanshao, Guangdong Province. In the sixth year of Tongzhi, he raised the level of honesty. The official went to Fujian salt transportation envoys to suppress the bandits many times. He took part in the competition on the charge of salt loss and was eventually removed from his official post.

After resigning, a "hidden garden" was built next to the Lotus Village in the east of Gui'an city. There are 16 sceneries in the garden, such as "four plum house" and "five stone cottage". Rich collection, build "Song house", "100000 volume house" and "Shouxian Pavilion" on the third floor to collect books, with a collection of more than 150000 volumes. In Tongzhi period, collected the remains and completed 72 volumes of "tangwenshiyi" and 16 volumes of "tangwenxushi". He often studied with his fellow countrymen Yao zongkan, Dai Wang, Shi Buhua, Yu Jinshu, Wang Zhulu and Ling Xia. He is known as "the seven talented people in the world".

Lu Xinyuan is proficient in the study of gold and stone. He wrote Jin Shi Lu Bu in 1886 and Guo Yan Lu in Lei Guan in 1892. He also compiled the collection and seal of song Lou and the interpretation of the ancient special pictures of Qian Liu Ting. In 1893, Emperor Guangxu praised "many works and good knowledge". He got sick when he came back to his hometown through Tianjin and died in Huzhou the next year. In 1906, Lu Shufan, the son of Lu Xinyuan, failed in business and sold a large number of books to the Yanqi jingjiatang Library in Japan.

personal works

The former is a collection of medical books, while the latter includes some medical books.

One of the four major book collectors

One of the four famous book collectors in Qing Dynasty. In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), he went to Fujian as an official envoy to Yanyun. He suppressed the bandits many times and collected a large number of books. He built the third floor of "chensong building", "shiwanjuan building" and "Shouxian Pavilion", with a collection of more than 150000 volumes. In 1906, Lu Shufan, the son of Lu Xinyuan, sold a large number of books to Japan's Yanqi jingjiatang library.

The Lu family began to collect books from Xinyuan's grandfather Lu Yong for three generations. They were famous for collecting books published in Song Dynasty. Later, their family declined. All the books were purchased by jingjiatang Library of Japan for 120000 yuan. Now these precious books are still preserved in Japan. There are many opinions about the selling price, but most of them hold the view of "120000".

The collection of books in Chen Song house

In the early morning of 1910, a boat on the dayuehe river near yujiazhai landed. The people in Lu's mansion look sad as the porter with Jiangbei accent moves piles of ancient books into the cabin of the boat from the chensong building, where family members are forbidden to go upstairs. A few foreigners are pointing out something. The passers-by by the Yuehe River stopped to watch and whispered: "Mr. Lu has sold all the ancient books collected by his old man to the Asians. How many tricks did his old man Lu Xinyuan spend on collecting these books. Lu Shufan, the eldest son, lost money in his career, so he sold his family's property at a low price. What a sin. " A few days later, Zhang Yuanji of the commercial press rushed to Huzhou with a deposit of 60000 silver raised by various parties. He saw only empty bookshelves and waste paper labels everywhere. The news that Chen Song Lou's book collection was sold to the jingjiatang Library of Iwasaki mizuke financial group soon spread all over the country, and the resentful literati resented that "it's not as good as the torch of Taicheng and the ember of Jiangyun, and their souls are still long enough to guard their homeland."

What makes people feel so sad? Lu Xinyuan's Chen Song building, together with Yang Yizeng's Haiyuan Pavilion in Liaocheng, Qu Yong's Tieqin and Tongjian building in Changshu, and Ding Bing's 8000 volume building in Hangzhou, are known as the "four major libraries in the late Qing Dynasty". His collection of 200 books published in Song Dynasty (i.e., "Chen Song") was the most popular in the collection circle of the sycophantic Song Dynasty.

After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom war, his family's collection of books came out one after another. Lu Xinyuan collected them at a low price and bought more than 48000 copies from the yijiatang family in yusongnian, Shanghai alone. After that, Lu Xinyuan became a salt official and became rich. He collected books from Yan Yuanzhao fangjiao hall, Liu Tongmian Qinshan hall, Fuzhou Chen's Daijing hall, Gui'an hanzijuan, Jiangdu fanshihu, Suzhou huangpilei, Renhe laopingfu, Gui'an yangfengbao and Ding Zhaoqing.

Lu Xinyuan's collection of books was stored in the song building, the wanhuajuan building and the Shouxian Pavilion. Among them, Chen Song Lou in Lu Zhai of Yuehe Street collects the old engravings of song and Yuan Dynasties; Wan Wan Juan Lou collects the precious engravings of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the school edition of famous people's banknotes and the manuscripts of famous people's writings; Shou Xian Ge in Qianyuan collects the ordinary engravings and notes, and is open for scholars to read.

Lu Xinyuan's collection of books is famous for its rich editions in song and Yuan Dynasties. In the 1930s, according to the statistics collected by Japan's jingjiatang library, the actual number is as follows: seven 80 volumes of the Northern Song Dynasty, 114 volumes of the Southern Song Dynasty, 2611 volumes, 109 volumes of the Yuan Dynasty, and 1999 volumes, all of which are extremely valuable domestic editions.

Lu Xinyuan's collection of books had reached 150000 volumes when it was compiled in 1882. In 1907, when his son Lu Shufan sold the collection of books in Chen Song Lou and 100000 Juan Lou, the number was actually 4000, 200000 volumes and more than 44000 volumes. In 1908, Lu Shufan donated the book collection of Shouxian pavilion to the newly established Island library. According to Lu's donated bibliography of Shouxian Pavilion, there are more than 1000 books and 14000 volumes. It can be seen that before the release of Lu Xinyuan's collection, the total number of books was 5000, nearly 60000 and about 250000 volumes.

Chen Song Lou and Wan Wan Juan Lou were rebuilt by Lu Xinyuan from the old house of Lu family in Yuehe, south of Hualou bridge. Lu's mansion was built in Xianfeng and Tongzhi years of the Qing Dynasty. It is a huge complex composed of four axes. There are two axes of Yuehe street, No. 4 and No. 6.

In front of the southernmost axis (No. 6) is qianliu Pavilion, where Lu Xinyuan collected more than 1000 square meters of Han and Jin ancient bricks. Most of these ancient bricks are from ancient tombs of Six Dynasties in Huzhou and Sanxian. The patterns on the bricks are unique and the handwriting is strange. In particular, many materials about ancient times, geography, official system, surname and so on are preserved. Now most of them are kept in provincial and municipal museums. There is a courtyard beside the pavilion, which is composed of a corner Pavilion, a ladle shaped pool and garden sketches, a four side flower Hall (GaN Xian thatched cottage) and a small western style building (contented cottage). The plaque of "qianliu Pavilion" written by Yang Xian, a modern poet and calligrapher, hangs on the corner Pavilion. In fact, the ancient bricks that Lu Xinyuan regarded as precious are mainly hidden in the four side hall. In the 1930s, the hall and the building were transformed into western style by his grandson Lu Xixian, and the four side hall is Xieshan Chinese style floor The top, the windows and doors inlaid with western flower glass, the floor paved with flower tiles, and the small western style building are also wearing "melon skin hat" (Guanyin pocket) and "western style clothes and leather shoes", which is the fashion of that era.

No.4 Yuehe street is the main axis of Lu house. In front of the hall, there is a foyer, a sedan chair hall, and the third entrance is the ancestral hall of the old house, which is called "Gongjian hall" (parallel to the small western style building). In the fourth entrance hall, Lu Xinyuan called it "Yi Gu Tang" (back to Wenchang Pavilion Lane) because he admired Gu Yanwu, a scholar of Ming Dynasty. It is a study for Lu and the "seven talented scholars of tiaoshang" to learn from each other. Yigu hall is parallel to the three buildings behind Xiaoyang building. The two floors are "Chen Song building" and "Wan Wan Juan building". The front eaves are used to air books, and a shed type open Pavilion (2 meters wide) is set up, with large bricks on the top and bluestone slabs along the mouth. The floors are paved in double layers to increase the load and meet the function of book collection. Lu Xinyuan also set up a "pear hall" in his house to collect gold and stone relics. There are more than 20 pieces of famous calligraphy, including the ink of Zhu Xi, Wen Tianxiang, Zhao Mengfu and others.

Lu Xinyuan's collection of books in Song Dynasty is a sad and beautiful piece in Huzhou's thousand year history of book collection. Huzhou, known by Wang Guowei as the "hometown of book collection", has witnessed the emergence of nearly 100 large and small "book collection homes" in its 1500 year history of book collection.

The origin of book collection

Huzhou's private collection of books started in the northern and Southern Dynasties. Shen Hongshi copied thousands of volumes in his 70s, which has always been regarded as a good story. Shen Yue's 20000 volume collection of "duxiamobi" was promoted as "the first person in Zhejiang's private collection". The first peak of Huzhou private book collection appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. The first is Shen Si's collection of books, the second is Ye Meng's collection of books in stone forest, the third is Chen Zhensun's private collection catalogue zhizhai Shulu Jieti, and the third is the collection hall of "Shuzhong" and "Zhiya" in the late Song Dynasty. The scale of the latter three collections is comparable to that of the royal collection.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the popularity of book collection and the collectors' emphasis on editions, the book selling industry came into being. The "Hujia" in Zhili, the eastern suburb of Hucheng, drove a boat to collect books from his old home, and then sold them to his new home. The boat came into being as a "Book boat" between the collectors and the engravers. The waterways in the south of the Yangtze River, under their shuttling, become the roads of books among the scattered towns. Don't underestimate them. The famous work "Er Pai" written by famous novelists in Ming Dynasty was greatly appreciated by these booksellers after reading "the surprise of making a case at the first moment". Their keen insight is no less than that of today's publishing agents.

Huzhou was also one of the important publishing places at that time. Huzhou's engraving began in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are a number of books in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as "Si Xi Zang", "Tang Shu" and "historical records of the Five Dynasties". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, engraving printing was always prosperous. After Jiajing, it was in the same period as Huzhou's calligraphy and shipping industry and entered the peak period. According to the statistics of the comprehensive record of Ming Dynasty engraving, Huzhou printed more than four or five hundred kinds of books in more than one hundred years, which was the highest in the past dynasties. The overprint printing of Sheng she Ling and min was the peak of the printing technology at that time, and its fine printing version was cherished by modern book collectors, and its value was no less than that of the Song Dynasty. On the prevailing textual research in Qing Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Lu Xin Yuan