weiss

weiss

Weisi, the Marquis of Wei Wen, was the founder of Wei state in the Warring States period. Ji surname, Wei family, name Si, one said all. In 445 BC, he ascended the throne after Wei Huanzi. In 403 BC, Han, Zhao and Wei were officially recognized as princes by the king of Zhou and other countries, and became feudal countries. When he was in power, Li Zhen and Zhai Huang were appointed as prime ministers, while Le Yang and Wu Qi were appointed as generals. These taxis, who were born in small nobles or civilians, began to play their role in politics and military affairs, marking the beginning of the replacement of clan politics by bureaucratic politics.

Weiss reform, new deal of reform

Among the seven heroes of the Warring States period, Wei Wenhou first carried out reform, reformed politics, rewarded farming and war, built water conservancy, developed feudal economy, destroyed Zhongshan state in the North (now Pingshan and Lingshou in the west of Hebei Province), and took Qinxi River in the West (now between the yellow River and Luoshui), thus becoming a powerful country in the early Warring States period.

Weiwenhou Mingsi is the father of weiwuhou and the founder of Weiguo's century old hegemony.

Wei Wenhou appointed Li Yao, Wuqi, LeYang, ximenbao, Zixia, zhaihuang, Wei Cheng and others to enrich the country and strengthen the army, suppress Zhao, destroy Zhongshan, defeat Qin, Qi, Chu, and open up a large area of territory, making Wei become the overlord of the Central Plains.

More importantly, Wei Wenhou appointed Li to preside over the political reform and legal system construction of Wei, which influenced Chinese politics for two thousand years. Later, Xian Gong, Xiao Gong and Shang Yang's political reform were all based on Wei. Wei Wenhou worshipped Xia as his teacher, raised the status of Confucianism to a higher level than ever before, and achieved the political purpose of collecting the hearts of scholars. He was the initiator of later emperors respecting Confucianism and winning over the intellectual class. Wei Wenhou's political, economic, cultural and military strategies were highly praised by later emperors. His administrative experience is a classic sample of the Chinese Empire.

Wei Wenhou ascended the throne

In 445 BC, Wei Wenhou ascended the throne. The inheritance of marquis Wen of Wei is the state of Wei established by Wei Huanzi when the three families were divided into Jin Dynasty. When the three families divided the Jin Dynasty, Zhao made the most profit, while Wei and Han got less. Zhao got a large area of land in the north of Jin, and crossed Taihang mountain to the East, occupying Handan and Zhongmou. Wei and Han are in the south of Zhao, west of Wei and east of Han. Zhao's possession of wisdom is pressing on Wei's forehead, Wei is very depressed. In the west of the state of Wei is the state of Qin separated by a river, in the north is the powerful state of Zhao, in the East is the emerging South Korea, and in the south across the Zhongtiao Mountain and the Yellow River is the Shaanxi area (Mianchi, Shaanxi county and Lingbao area in Sanmenxia, Henan Province). The state of Wei was tightly wrapped in a corner of Southeast Shanxi. Wei clan concentrated in the southeast of Shanxi Province. Although there were several enclaves in the East, they were not consolidated and it was difficult to build a strategic base. The core area of Wei state is Yuncheng Valley, with Luliang Mountain in the north, Zhongtiao Mountain in the South and Wangwu mountain in the East. The big corner of the Yellow River covers the West and south of Wei state. This terrain is easy to defend and difficult to attack, but it is also easy to be oppressed and blocked. First of all, Wei Wenhou should strive for self-improvement and not be eaten by the great powers, then break the blockade and develop outward.

The establishment of Wu Zu

Wei Guoshan is rich in land and dense in population, and its grain production barely maintains domestic demand. However, there was a famous salt producing area Yanchi (now Jiechi in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province) in Wei state. The salt produced in Yanchi was sold to the surrounding countries, making a lot of profits, which was an important income of Wei state. Wei Wenhou was determined to build an elite standing army with the income of salt industry. This army is a famous soldier.

It is very harsh to take the principle of "Wei Jingwu" in the construction of the military. Wei Wenhou asked the soldiers to wear the armour of three genera, hold the crossbow of twelve stones, take 50 arrows, put on the spear, wear the sword, win three days of food, and drive a hundred Li in the middle of the day. After arriving at the battlefield, the soldiers can fight immediately. Soldiers also need to have excellent fighting skills. The state gives high material treatment to the selected soldiers and exempts them from corvee and land tax. Soldiers get higher titles and enjoy better treatment. Wei's military construction was very successful, and gradually evolved into Wei's military system and military nobility system, which had a great impact on the later Wu Qi's reform in Chu and Qin Xiangong's, Qin Xiaogong's and Shang Yang's reform in Qin.

Li Zhen's method

In order to improve the yield per unit of cultivated land and the efficiency of land use, Wei Wenhou made full use of Wei's land and mountains, and promoted the principle of intensive cultivation of making the best use of the land. In order to balance the price of grain, Li Zhen also implemented the flat purchase law. In good years, according to the market situation, the state purchases farmers' grain at a price higher than the market price, so that farmers' interests will not be lost. In a disaster year, the government sells the grain stored in the state granary to the public at an appropriate price, so that the public will not be displaced because they can not afford to buy food. In this way, the state of Wei well balanced the interests of farmers and citizens, the state reserves more and more grain, greatly improved the country's ability to resist the disaster years, social stability, people live and work in peace and contentment.

Li also made a set of laws to regulate the behavior of Wei people. The state of Jin is a country with a tradition of rule of law, and the people support the rule of law. This set of written law, which was made under the leadership of Li Zhen, played a great role in the political life of Wei state. The first thing that monarchs, nobles and officials should consider when carrying out political affairs is the national law. Because Wei Wenhou took the lead in abiding by the law, this set of laws formulated under the leadership of Li Zhen was well implemented. This set of laws was later adopted by Xiangong, Xiaogong and Shangyang of the state of Qin, and has influenced China for two thousand years.

Three families divided

Wei's neighboring countries, each has its own specialty. The livestock, leather and jade of Qin state, the cloth and silk, jujube chestnut, livestock and leather of Zhao state, and the birds and animals, orange pomelo, bamboo and silk of Chu state were very famous at that time. Marquis Wenhou of Wei encouraged the people of Wei state to engage in business and participate in the trade of local specialties. Wei state obtained a lot of business taxes and the National Treasury was enriched.

For a long time after the division of the three Jin Dynasties, the state of Wei devoted all his energy to the cultivation of internal power. After a period of outward expansion, Zhao and South Korea returned to the path of internal cultivation due to internal instability. At this time, the state of Wei had basically completed the internal adjustment and began to look for export.

The surrounding environment of the state of Wei is very complex. If Wei Wenhou is careless, he may be besieged and face the danger of subjugation. Zhao xianhou wanted to unite with Wei Wenhou to eliminate the Han family. Zhao and Wei divided the Han family equally. Han Wuzi wanted to unite with Marquis Wen of Wei Dynasty to destroy Zhao family, and Han and Wei divided Zhao family equally. For Zhao, Han's proposal, Wei Wen Hou gave a clear refusal.

Wei Wenhou advised Zhao xianhou to break up the idea of dividing Han and Wei, so as to break up each one. He said that Wei and Han were relatively weak and would certainly unite against the state of Zhao so as not to be wiped out by Zhao. Both Han and Wei know that the United Nations attack Zhao is suicidal, and the idea of sharing the other side equally with Zhao is even more intriguing. The situation made it necessary for Korea and Wei to unite. Wei Wenhou advised Han Wuzi not to attack Zhao because of Zhao's threat, in order to solve Zhao's threat once and for all. It's unrealistic to think that Korea and Wei united to attack Zhao. Zhao's strength is too strong, and Korea and Wei united only to draw with Zhao. If both sides fight hard, they will lose each other. Even if Zhao was defeated, Han and Wei would continue to fight each other.

Wei Wenhou explained to Zhao and Han his thoughts on the development of the three. In Jin Dynasty, Zhao, Wei and Han were relatively closed, and only Zhao state extended the two tentacles of Dai and Handan. However, due to the threat of Han and Wei, Zhao state could not continue to expand through these two tentacles. Zhao, Wei and South Korea are close neighbors, so they must live in peace. If they fight within each other, they will be dragged into the closed environment of Jin, and no one can develop. Zhao, Wei and Han had to unite to expand outward.

Zhao xianhou and Han Wuzi agreed with Wei Wenhou's joint development strategy, but they did not reach a consensus on how to unite, which direction to develop, and how to share profits. However, through this meeting, the three countries have achieved a rare peace situation. Zhao, Wei and Han gave up internal fighting for the time being and embarked on their own development path.

Because Zhao's family is in the north and Han's family is in the East, Han's development direction is Wei's, Zheng's in the south of Han's family, and Wei Wenhou's development direction is Qin's in the West.

The expansion of Wei state

In the 27th year of Wei Wenhou (419 BC), the state of Wei crossed the Yellow River westward and built a city in Shaoliang (now southwest of Hancheng in Shaanxi Province) to attack the state of Qin. Qin army counterattacked the invasion of Wei state. After several battles, the Wei army who crossed the river occupied Shaoliang, an important military stronghold. On the one hand, the Qin army besieged the Wei army in Shaoliang, and on the other hand, they built fortifications along the Yellow River to prevent more Wei troops from crossing the river.

Wei Xiang Zhai Huang recommended Wu Qi to Wei Wenhou. Wei Wenhou appreciated Wu Qi's command ability and appointed Wu Qi as the commander of Wei army attacking Qin state.

After Wu Qi took office, the stalemate between Wei and Qin in Xihe was soon broken, and the Wei army won.

In the 33rd year of Wei Wenhou (413 BC), Wu Qi led the Wei army to defeat the Qin army in the Xihe battlefield and break through the Xihe defense line of the Qin army. Later, Wuqi went straight to the state of Qin and entered Zheng (Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province), the throat of the Weihe plain. If Wuqi conquered Zheng and entered the Weihe plain, it would be equivalent to controlling the grain bags of the state of Qin. The Weihe plain is the grain base of the state of Qin. There is no danger to defend the Weihe plain, and Wuqi can push all the way to the West. If you enter a no man's land and come to Yong, the capital of Qin (now Fengxiang in Shaanxi), the state of Qin will be in danger of being destroyed. The purpose of Wu Qi's attack on Qin was to destroy Qin, which made Qin people very afraid.

On the one hand, Qin Jian Gong mobilized heavy troops to defend Zheng, on the other hand, he sent envoys to invite Qi and Chu to attack Wei, which reduced the pressure of Qin. Qi xuangonghe

Chinese PinYin : Wei Si