Shi Kefa

Shi Kefa

Shi Kefa

(1602-may 20, 1645), Chinese characters

Constitutional

He was born in Daxing, a famous general and national hero in the late Ming Dynasty. He was incorruptible and unyielding. He was a famous politician in the late Ming Dynasty.

In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), he became a Jinshi and a pusher of Xi'an government. After that, the rebellion in various places was leveled. After the fall of Beijing, Shi Kefa took Zhu Yousong (emperor Hongguang) as emperor and continued to fight against the Qing army. He was an official to supervise the division, a Bachelor of Jianji hall, and a minister of the Ministry of war. In the first year of Hongguang (1645), the Qing army besieged Yangzhou City on a large scale. Soon after the city was destroyed, Shi Kefa refused to surrender and was killed. At that time, it was summer, and the corpse decayed rapidly, so that the remains of shikefa could not be identified. Shidewei, his adopted son, and the people of Yangzhou later replaced him with shikefa's clothes and were buried in meihualing outside the city.

After the death of Shi Kefa, the Southern Ming Dynasty posthumous title was "Zhongjing". Emperor Qianlong's posthumous title was "Zhongzheng". His posterity accepted his works and compiled them as Shi Zhongzheng Gong Ji.

Life of the characters

Famous in the countryside

Shi Kefa, because of his ancestors' contributions to the imperial court, was able to inherit 100 families in royal guards, which was called Beijing Royal Guards. It is said that Shi Kefa's mother dreamed that Wen Tianxiang came to her house and conceived.

Shi Kefa was born in Xiangfu County, Kaifeng Prefecture, Henan Province on November 4, 1602. In his early years, Shi Kefa was famous for his filial piety and learned from Zuo Guangdou. In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Shi Kefa ascended the Jinshi Section and became the official of Xi'an government. Later, he moved to the head of household department, yuanwailang and doctor.

Suppress the popular uprising

In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Shi Kefa was promoted to the right councilor, who was responsible for guarding Chizhou and Taiping. In the autumn of the same year, Lu Xiangsheng, the minister's minister, attacked the peasant army on a large scale. Shi Kefa was renamed Deputy envoy, toured Anqing, Chizhou and other places, and supervised the Jiangbei army. Huangmei peasant army raided Susong, Qianshan, Taihu and other places, and Shi Kefa led the army to pursue the peasant army of Tiantangzhai in Qianshan.

In 1636, the peasant army of Chuzhou was defeated by zukuan and fled to Henan. In December, Ma Shouying, the leader of the peasant army, united with Luo Rucai and Li Wanqing to invade from Yunyang to the East. Shi Kefa transferred to Taihu Lake to guard the main road.

In the 10th year of Chongzhen (1637), he served as the censor of Jindu, governor an, Lu, Chi, Tai, Guangzhou, Guangshan, Gushi, Luotian in Henan, Huguang, Qizhou, Guangji, Huangmei in Huguang, Dehua and Hukou in Jiangxi. In the first month of this year, the peasant army broke through the path of Shipai in Anqing and stationed in Tongcheng. Pan Keda, the general, defeated him. On the way to escape, the peasant army was stopped by the army of Lu and Feng. The rebels were forced to flee back to Tongcheng and plunder around Tongcheng. Shi Kefa and Pan Ke led the army to encircle and suppress, and the rebels lost in Lujiang. Shi Kefa and Zuo Liangyu defeated the rebels in Fengxiang post. In March, pan Keda and his deputy general Cheng Long were killed in the battle against Susong. The peasant army split up into eight battalions, with more than 200000 soldiers stationed in Liantan, Shijing, Taochong and other places in Tongcheng. Mou wenshou and Liu Liangzuo led the army to defeat him in the trailer river.

In the summer of 1638, Shi Kefa was convicted of failing to pacify the rebellion for a long time, and the court ordered him to commit crimes.

In 1639, Shi Kefa left his post because of his father-in-law's death. After the end of the funeral, Shi Kefa was used as the right Minister of the Ministry of household and the censor of youjindu, succeeding Zhu Dadian in charge of water transportation and patrolling Fengyang, Huai'an, Yangzhou and other places. Shi Kefa impeached and removed three grain governors, added one Cao Chu Dao, and made great efforts to dredge the Nanhe river. After that, he was transferred to the post of secretary of the Ministry of arms of Nanjing and counsellor of confidential government affairs.

The king of fortune

In 1644, Shi Kefa heard that Li Zicheng attacked Beijing and led his army to Beijing to serve the king. When the army arrived at Dapukou, it was reported that Beijing had fallen and Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youjian had hanged himself. Shi Kefa cried bitterly northward, hit a pillar with his head and bled to his feet. Shi Kefa mourned Zhu Youjian and received documents from Zhang Shenyan, LV Daqi, Jiang Yueguang and others: "Zhu Yousong, the king of fortune, is the grandson of Shenzong. He should be the king according to his seniority and rank, but he has seven major shortcomings: greed, lewdness, drinking, unfilial, abusing subordinates, not studying, and being an official. Zhu Changfu, the king of Lu, is the nephew of Shenzong. He is virtuous and intelligent. He should be made king So does Scofield. However, Ma Shiying, the governor of Fengyang, secretly negotiated with Ruan Dacheng and advocated the establishment of Zhu Yousong, the king of Fu, and made the book history legalistic. On ethics and order, he should support the establishment of the king of Fu. Shi Kefa told them about Zhu Yousong's seven shortcomings, but Ma Shiying joined forces with Cao Jiang's Governor Liu kongzhao, Zhen Jiang's generals Liu Zeqing, Liu Liangzuo, Gao Jie and Huang Degong to escort Zhu Yousong to Yizhen, and Shi Kefa had to meet him.

Zhu Yousong visited Xiaoling and Fengxian hall, went out to live in neishoubei house, and the officials went to court to see Zhu Yousong. Zhu wanted to avoid it. Shi Kefa advised him: "we can't avoid it, we should seriously accept the court opinions of the officials." After Zhu Yousong went to court, he began to discuss the issue of war and defense. Shi Kefa said: "King Fu, you should wear filial piety, live in the suburbs, and send troops to the north to show the world that you must take revenge on your country." Zhu Yousong repeatedly said yes. The next day after the court met, the ministers came out to discuss Zhu Yousong's supervision of the state. Zhang Shenyan said, "the state is empty, so King Fu can become the emperor." Shi Kefa said: "the life and death of the prince is unknown. What if one day the prince comes to the south?" Liu kongzhao, a sincere uncle, said: "it's settled today. Who dares to change it again?" "Take your time," he said So we quit. On the third day, Zhu Yousong supervised the country, and the imperial court elected cabinet ministers. They all elected Shi Kefa, Gao Hongtu, and Jiang Yueguang. Liu kongzhao tried to join the cabinet with his fists, but the ministers stopped him with the precedent that there were no honorary ministers in this dynasty. Liu kongzhao said angrily, "even if I can't, why can't Ma Shiying join the cabinet?" So Ma Shiying was selected as a cabinet minister, and the vacancy was discussed. Zheng sanjun, Liu Zongzhou and Xu Shiqi were selected. When Kong Zhao elected Ruan Dacheng, Shi Kefa said, "the former Emperor himself made him a criminal of disobedience. Don't say any more." Two days later, Kefa was appointed Minister of rites and Bachelor of Dongge. He was appointed together with Ma Shiying and Gao Hongtu. Kefa was still in charge of the affairs of the Ministry of war, and Ma Shiying was still in charge of Fengyang. Therefore, as in the past, Beijing military system was established. The bodyguard and the royal guards were included in the army for training. The eastern and Western departments of the royal guards, as well as the Fusi of the northern and southern capitals were also included Officials will no longer be fully set up to prevent informers and reassure people.

Mediation generals

Ma Shiying wants to be the first assistant minister all day long. When the court's order was issued, he was very angry and submitted to Zhu Yousong seven reasons that Shi Kefa had listed before. Then he led the soldiers to Zhu Yousong, handed in the memorial and left. Shi Kefa then asked to command the army and go out to guard Huai'an and Yangzhou. On May 15, Zhu Yousong, the emperor, was located in Wuying hall, and the next year was the first year of Hongguang. Shi Kefa entered the imperial court to say goodbye, and was granted the title of Prince Taibao. He was appointed Minister of the Ministry of war and Bachelor of wuyingdian. On this day, Ma Shiying was on duty in the DPRK to discuss the division of Jiangbei into four towns. Liu Zeqing, a great master of Dongping, was in charge of Huaihe, Haihe and other places. His army was stationed in Surabaya, where he was in charge of opening and returning. Liu Liangzuo, commander in chief of the PLA, was in charge of Fengshou and other places, stationed in linhuai, and was in charge of Chen and Qi's road. Jingnan Bo Huang Degong ruled Chu, he and other places, stationed in Luzhou, the manager of Guangzhou, Gushi all the way. After Shi kefadong left, he sent envoys to visit the coffins of the late emperor and empress, and the places where the prince and the two kings were. He was also ordered to go to jigaofeng and Si erling.

Nanming Dynasty was under the pressure of Qing Dynasty and King Chuang. Shi Kefa's main strategy was to "unite with Lu to suppress the invaders". I hope that I can take advantage of the power of the Qing Dynasty, first wipe out the forces of Li Zicheng, then seek the follow-up plan. However, in the Southern Ming Dynasty, there was no common enemy. On the contrary, there was still constant party strife. Civil and military officials fought against each other for power and profit. The contradiction between Donglin Party members and Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng, as well as the resignations of Jiang Yueguang, Gao Hongtu and Liu Zongzhou, show that the Ming Dynasty was unable to unite with the outside world, so it planted the cause of the defeat of Hongguang Dynasty. On July 28, the 17th year of Chongzhen, Dorgon wrote a letter to Shi Kefa, threatening to "join forces in Pingnan". In his reply to Dorgon, Shi Kefa only defended the legitimacy of the succession of the Hongguang court, but did not come up with a way to deal with the Qing army. In September, Yang Fangxing, governor of Qinghe Road, urged Dorgon to seize Jiangnan at all costs. At this time, the Qing government's attitude towards the Nanming regime also changed. Duoergun wrote a letter to the emperor, claiming to be orthodox, denied the legal status of the Hongguang court, and demanded the unconditional surrender of the emperor and his ministers of the Nanming Dynasty.

After Shi Kefa left, Ma Shiying and Liu kongzhao became more unscrupulous. Liu kongzhao, because Zhang Shenyan elected Wu Shen, made a lot of noise in the hall and chased him with a knife. When Shi Kefa heard about it, Shangshu persuaded Liu kongzhao to let King Fu appoint Wu Shen. After Shi Kefa's sacrifice to the second mausoleum, he wrote: "when your majesty first ascended the throne, he respectfully paid a visit to Xiaoling Mausoleum. The sound of weeping shows the sadness in your heart, and the pedestrians on the road are also moved by it. If you visit Fengling and Siling in person, you will see the miserable scene of haolai everywhere, without the crowing of chickens and barking of dogs. I think it will be more sad and indignant. I hope your majesty can start well and finish well. When you live in a tall and comfortable palace, you can think that the soul of the former Emperor in the Northeast imperial mausoleum can't rest. When you enjoy the delicious food of the palace, you can think that there isn't even a bowl of wheat porridge in the Northeast imperial mausoleum. When you get the picture of Ruiying and the auspicious talisman, you can think that the former Emperor can prevent defeat. How can you suddenly encounter danger? At the end of Yan Xi's reign in the early Dynasty, can you think of how the late emperor lived a frugal and industrious life, and finally his country was ruined?

Chinese PinYin : Shi Ke Fa