Fan Chengda

Fan Chengda

Fan Chengda (from June 26, 1126 to October 1, 1193) was named Zhineng (in the history of Song Dynasty, it was mistakenly named "Zhineng") and Youyuan. In his early years, he was named as a hermit in this mountain, and in his later years, he was named as a hermit in Shihu lake. The Han nationality is from Wuxian County, Pingjiang prefecture (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). He is a famous official and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In 1154, Fan Chengda ascended the Jinshi Section, where wailang, a member of the ritual department, was also a storyteller in the Chongzheng Hall. Qiandao three years (1167), Chuzhou. In the sixth year of Qiandao (1170), as a pan envoy to the state of Jin, he asked for the mausoleum of the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty, and tried to change the way of receiving books, which fulfilled his mission. In the seventh year of Qiandao (1171), he left zhijingjiang mansion from Zhongshu. In the second year of Chunxi reign (1175), he was transferred to fuwenge and Zhizhi envoys in Sichuan. In the fifth year of Chunxi reign (1178), he was promoted to be a political adviser. Since then, he has successively known Mingzhou and Jiankang Prefecture, and made great achievements. In his later years, he retired to Shihu and became a Bachelor of zizhengdian. In 1193, Fan Chengda passed away at the age of 68. His posthumous title was "wenmu", and later generations called him "fan wenmu".

Fan Chengda is famous for his works, especially for his poems. He started with Jiangxi School, then studied the poetry of middle and late Tang Dynasty, inherited the realistic spirit of new Yuefu by Bai Juyi, Wang Jian, Zhang Ji and other poets, and finally became his own family. The style is simple, fresh and charming. Poetry has a wide range of themes, and the works reflecting the content of rural social life are the most successful. Together with Yang Wanli, Lu You and you Mao, they are known as the "four great poets of Zhongxing" (also known as the four great poets of the Southern Song Dynasty). His works had a significant impact in the Southern Song Dynasty, and had a greater impact in the early Qing Dynasty. There is a saying that he lived in Jiannan but lived in Shihu. Today, there are many works handed down, such as Shi Hu Ji, LAN Bu Lu, Wu Chuan Lu, Wu Jun Zhi, GUI Hai Yu Heng Zhi and so on.

Life of the characters

Early career

Fan Chengyu was born in Wu county (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) on the fourth day of June in the first year of Jingkang, Emperor qinzong of Song Dynasty. He was very intelligent when he was a child. At the age of 12, he read all the classics and history, and began to write poems and essays at the age of 14.

In the 12th year of Shaoxing (1142), Wei's (empress Xianren), the mother of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty, returned to the court from the state of Jin, and Fan Chengda was among the best in the exam.

In the 14th year of Shaoxing (1144), he studied in Jianyan Zifu temple in Kunshan, and did not go out for ten years. He once took the phrase "only in this mountain" from the Tang Dynasty, and called himself the hermit of this mountain.

In the 24th year of Shaoxing (1154), Fan Chengda became a Jinshi.

In the 26th year of Shaoxing (1156), in addition to serving as Huizhou Si Hu, he arrived in the spring of this year.

In 1162, he went to Lin'an to supervise the Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau.

In April of the first year of Longxing (1163), Fan Chengda was appointed the censor of Gaozong shengzheng office and the imperial order office.

In February 1164, he was appointed editor of the Privy Council. In December, he served as secretary of the provincial government.

In March of the first year of Qiandao (1165), Fan Chengda was given the title of xiaoshulang. In June, he was also the editor of the Academy of national history. In November, he was transferred to Zuo Lang. In February of the next year, he served as the minister's minister. In March, he was falsely accused of overstepping his rank and was dismissed. He immediately led the temple.

In December of the third year of Qiandao (1167), Fan Chengda was appointed by the imperial court. In May of the next year, when he entered the palace, he told emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty that there were three kinds of power, namely, daily power, national power, and human power. He thought that these three kinds of power were now wasted by unimportant tasks, and Emperor Xiaozong accepted them. He went to Chuzhou in July and arrived in August. Fan Chengda set up volunteer service for Chuzhou. According to the law, the people take the capital insurance as a unit, and according to the number of servitude households and the situation of service, each family buys land according to the wealth and wealth, which is called Yitian. Since righteous service is done, it is convenient for both public and private.

In May 1169, the court called Fan Chengda as a member of the Ministry of rites, wailang, a storyteller of Chongzheng Hall, an editor of the Academy of national history, and a reviewer of the Academy of records. During the reign of Qiandao (1165-1173), it was stipulated that the quantity of stolen goods should be counted by silk. The price was low and the conviction was heavy. Fan Chengda said: "at Chengping, the price of silk was less than 1000 yuan per piece, but the price was more than several times. In the early years of Shaoxing, the price of silk increased by five points, and 3000 yuan was enough. Today, silk is really expensive, and it should double the price at that time. " Xiaozong was surprised to say: "this is the law that makes people in trouble." So the price of silk increased to 4000, and the penalty was reduced. In December, he served as a living room attendant, and still served as a reviewer.

Make sure you live up to your life

When the Song Dynasty signed the Longxing peace agreement with the state of Jin, it forgot to agree on the etiquette of accepting the national documents, which Xiaozong once regretted. In the sixth year of Qiandao (1170), Xiaozong appointed Fan Chengda as the living man, the acting senior scholar of zizhengdian, the doctor of Zuo Taizhong, and the Minister of liquanguan. He appointed the founder of Danyang County as the messenger of praying for the kingdom. He asked the kingdom of Jin for the mausoleum of the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty, and asked for a change in the ceremony of receiving the book. Because Fan Chengda's Fengguo book only mentions the mausoleum, please write the acceptance of the book together, which is not allowed by Xiaozong. Before leaving, Xiaozong said to Fan Chengda: "I will not defeat the alliance and send troops. How can I harm you! There may be a reason for eating in the snow. " Chen Junqing, the left prime minister, left his post because he insisted on delaying the dispatch of envoys. Chen Liangyou, the Minister of the Ministry of officials, was demoted to Junzhou (now Gao'an, Jiangxi Province) because he admonished the dispatch of Pan envoys. Li Tao, the minister, was afraid and did not dare to be appointed. In this case, Fan Chengda sighed. At that time, the kingdom of Jin was in charge of welcoming the envoys of Fan Chengda, admiring his reputation and imitating him to wear a scarf on his head to show respect.

When he arrived at Yanshan, Fan Chengda secretly drafted a memorial, specifically discussing the ceremony of receiving the book, and put it in his arms. Fan Chengda presented his first letter to the state, and his words were generous. When the king and his ministers of the state of Jin were listening attentively, Fan Chengda suddenly said, "the two dynasties have already become uncles and nephews, but the etiquette of receiving the letter has not been determined. I have a memorial here." So he took out the handboard which was inserted on his waist. Jin Shizong was surprised and said, "is this the place to offer books?" The ministers of Jin Dynasty beat Fan Chengda with their hands and asked him to get up. Fan Chengda knelt and stood still, and he must send the memorial. Soon, when he returned to his residence, Wan Yanyong sent an envoy to wait for his order. Fan Chengda knelt down and insisted on presenting the memorial. The court officials of Jin State talked about it. The prince even wanted to kill Fan Chengda, but he stopped after the king of Yue stopped him. Finally, Fan Chengda was able to return with integrity preserved.

In September of the same year, fan returned to the Song Dynasty. Jin Shizong refused to accept the request of the Song Dynasty, but only the Southern Song Dynasty agreed to move the mausoleum and return it to the Zigong palace of song qinzong. After Fan Chengda returned to China, he wrote his diaries of envoys Jin.

Nanzhaijiaoguang

After Fan Chengda returned to China, he was appointed as a member of Zhongshu community. At first, Xiaozong copied Cui Shi's political commentary in the Eastern Han Dynasty and gave it to the assistant minister. Fan Chengda thought: "the original intention of Yu's political commentary is to strictly enforce the law and discipline and rectify the accumulated disadvantages. Recently, Dali Temple agreed to increase the penalty by one level in turn. This is not to exchange severe punishment for peace, but cruelty. " Xiaozong praised his suggestion as "wise words". Zhang Shuo, a favorite minister, was appointed to the Privy Council to sign the letter. Fan Chengda drafted the letter, detained the order for seven days, and gave advice. Finally, he stopped the appointment, but he was also transferred.

In the seventh year of Qiandao (1171), Fan Chengda compiled zhijingjiang mansion (now Guilin, Guangxi) with Jiying hall, which was also the pacifier of Guangxi's economic strategy. This was the trip of "nanzhaijiaoguang".

On December 7, 1172, Fan Chengda started from his hometown Wujun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), went south through Huzhou and Yuhang to Fuyang and then into Fuchun River, followed by Tonglu and Lanxi to Qujiang River, Xinzhou (now Shangrao, Jiangxi Province), Guixi and Yugan to Nanchang and Ganjiang River.

On January 12, 1173, Fan Chengda went to Linjiang Army (now Zhangshu in Jiangxi Province) and traveled to Xianglin and Panyuan on the 14th. What impressed Fan Chengda deeply were some big plum trees and ancient plum trees. When he lived in seclusion in Shihu in his later years, he devoted all his efforts to running fan village in Shihu, "with one third of the land and plum trees", and wrote a volume of Mei PU. Fan Chengda then entered Yuanshui, a tributary of Ganjiang River, and entered Hunan Province through Yuanzhou (Yichun) and Pingxiang. Pan Hunan Jiangnan down to Hengshan, and land travel through Yongzhou, Quanzhou. On March 10, Fan Chengda entered Guilin. The journey took three thousand li by water and land. It took three months to write a volume of travel notes. It took Han Yu's poem "far is better than climbing to the immortals, flying Luan has no time to fly" from Guilin, and was named "the record of Luan".

At that time, Guangxi was poor and relied solely on salt profits. Cao Chen took all salt profits away, so his counties and cities had the disadvantage of increasing salt prices and selling salt to the common people. Zhao Min ordered the recovery of banknote salt. Cao Si detained the banknote money and distributed it to his departments, but the money didn't arrive on time. When Fan Chengda arrived in Guangxi, he said, "is there a more important interest than this?" Shangshu Zhao Min said: "it can be compulsorily reduced the number of Cao Si's extortion, so as to make the counties rich. Then, it can be prohibited to sell and suppress the distribution." Zhao Min took his advice. A few years later, the salt merchants in Guangzhou wrote a letter, begging the merchants to resume selling salt. The prime minister agreed with them and offered a lot of money to help them. Most people think it is not good. This opinion was sent to the relevant departments for discussion, but it failed to change Fan Chengda's method in the end. According to the old law, the limit of horses bought by the government was four feet and three inches. Zhao Min issued an edict to increase the limit to more than four inches. Fan Chengda said that after 40 years of trading, it should not be changed suddenly.

West to Bashu

In the second year of Chunxi (1175), Fan Chengda was appointed as fuwenge Dai Zhi, Sichuan Zhi Zhi Shi and zhichengdu Fu. On the way, he said: "Tubo and Qingqiang invaded Lizhou twice, while nurejie and fanlie were especially cunning and despised China. I should coach the generals, build fortresses and fortresses, and explain the methods of training unity so that everyone can fight. I can't do without money in these three aspects. " Emperor Xiaozong gave the Dudie money 400000 yuan. Before Fan Chengda took office, the official of his Sichuan institution envoy was changed to Guannei (Chengdu Road)

Chinese PinYin : Fan Cheng Da