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Cao Cao

Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty (155-220, March 15), with the name of Meng de and the nicknames of a man and Ji Li, was born in Qiao County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). He was an outstanding statesman, militarist, litterateur, calligrapher and poet in ancient China. In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Quan Xiang, the son of Cao song, was the founder of Cao Wei.

In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the face of great chaos, in the name of emperor Xiandi Liu Xie of Han Dynasty, he conquered all sides, eliminated the separatist forces such as Eryuan, Lvbu, Liubiao, machao and hansui, subdued the southern Xiongnu, Wuhuan and Xianbei, unified northern China, expanded farmland, built water conservancy, rewarded agriculture and mulberry, valued handicraft industry, resettled refugees, and implemented "rent modulation" to promote economic growth in the Central Plains Property and social stability. Jian'an 18 years (213 years), was granted the Duke of Wei, the establishment of Wei, the capital of Yecheng. In the 21st year of Jian'an (216), he was canonized as the king of Wei, and his power was above all the kings.

In the 25th year of Jian'an (March 15, 220), Cao Cao died and was buried in Gaoling. His son, Cao Pi, was called emperor and was granted the title of emperor. His posthumous title was Wu and his temple title was Taizu. Cao Cao likes to express his political ambition in his poems and essays, reflecting the sufferings of the people's livelihood. He is a representative of the literature of the Eastern Han Dynasty and praised by Lu Xun as "the founder of the transformation of the article". He is good at calligraphy and was rated as "wonderful product" by Zhang Huaiyu in Tang Dynasty.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Cao Cao was born in a family of eunuchs. After Cao Shen, the Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty, was named in the annals of the Three Kingdoms, Cao song, Cao Cao's father, was the adopted son of Cao Teng, the eunuch. Cao Teng served four emperors with great reputation. During the reign of emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, he was granted the title of Marquis FeiTing. Cao song inherited the Marquis of Cao Teng and became the official of Taiwei during the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty.

In his youth, Cao Cao was resourceful and alert. He had the ability to weigh up and deal with emergencies at random. He was willful, chivalrous and unrestrained. He didn't cultivate his moral character and did not study his studies. Therefore, people at that time didn't think he had any special talent. Only Qiao Xuan of Liang state and he Shu of Nanyang thought he was extraordinary. Qiao Xuan said to Cao Cao, "the world will be in chaos. If you can't help others, it's up to you ？” Nanyang he Shu said to him, "the Han Dynasty is going to die. If you want to settle down, you will be the same person." Xu Shao of Nanyang is famous for knowing people. He once said to Cao Cao, "you are a traitor in peace and a hero in troubled times.".

In his early years, Cao Cao showed his love and talent for martial arts. He read a lot of books, especially the art of war. He copied the military strategies of ancient schools, and wrote Wei Wu Zhu Sun Tzu, which annotated the art of war. These laid a solid foundation for his later military career.

cut a striking figure

In the third year of Xiping (174), Cao Cao was promoted as a filial and honest man, and he entered Luoyang, the capital of Beijing, as a Lang. Soon, he was appointed as the northern captain of Luoyang. Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is a place where the royal family and relatives live together, which is difficult to govern. As soon as Cao Cao arrived at his post, he declared the prohibition and strict law and discipline. He made more than ten colorful sticks hanging around the yamen, "anyone who violates the ban will be killed.". Jian Shuo's uncle, the eunuch favored by the emperor, was forbidden to travel at night. Without mercy, Cao Cao put Jian Shuo's uncle to death with a five color stick. As a result, "there is no one who dares to commit crimes in the capital.". Because of this, Cao Cao also offended some powerful officials in the current Dynasty. Due to his father Cao song's relationship, Cao Cao was transferred to dunqiu (now Qingfeng County) order.

In the first year of Guanghe (178), Cao Cao was killed by eunuchs because of his brother-in-law, marquis Song Qi, and was implicated and removed from office. After that, he had nothing to do in Luoyang and returned to his hometown Qiao County.

In the third year of Guanghe (180), Cao Cao was recruited by the imperial court and appointed as Yilang. Before that, general Dou Wu and Taifu Chen Fan planned to kill eunuchs, but they were killed by eunuchs. Cao Cao wrote a statement that Dou Wu and others were framed for being upright officials, which led to the full court of evil and evil people, but the loyal and good people could not be reused. His sincere words were not adopted by Emperor Hanling. After that, Cao Cao wrote many times to admonish him. Although it was effective occasionally, the government of the Eastern Han Dynasty was increasingly corrupt, and Cao Cao knew that he could not rectify it.

In the first year of Zhongping (184), the Huangjin uprising broke out. Cao Cao was worshipped as the commander of the cavalry. He was ordered to join forces with Huangfu song to attack the Huangjin army in Yingchuan. As a result, he defeated the Huangjin army and killed tens of thousands of soldiers. Then he moved to Jinan. During his tenure as Prime Minister of Jinan, Cao Cao managed things as before. Jinan state (now Jinan City, Shandong Province) has more than ten counties. Most of the county officials are attached to the noble power, corrupt and pervert the law. Before Cao Cao, all successive prime ministers did not ask about it. When Cao Cao arrived at his post, he made great efforts to straighten up and exempt eight out of ten officials. Jinan was shocked and corrupt officials fled one after another. "Politics and religion, a clean county.".

At that time, the politics of the Eastern Han Dynasty was extremely dark, and there was even a system of buying officials. Cao Cao refused to pander to the powerful, so he returned to his hometown. He studied in spring and summer, went hunting in autumn and winter, and temporarily lived in seclusion.

At that time, the world was in chaos. First, Jizhou governor Wang Fen united with Nanyang Xu you, peiguo Zhou Jing and other local powers to plan to depose the Lingdi and establish Hefei marquis. Wang Fen and others hoped that Cao Cao would join them, but Cao Cao refused. Later, Wang Fen committed suicide. Then, the bianzhang and hansui of Jincheng county (now Lanzhou City) in the northwest killed the assassin and the prefect, and led more than 100000 soldiers to rebel against the imperial court.

In 188, Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty set up eight Xiaowei of Xiyuan in order to consolidate his rule. Cao Cao was appointed as the Dianjun Xiaowei of the eight Xiaowei because of his family background.

Chen liuqibing

Zhongping six years (189), the death of emperor Hanling, Prince Liu Bian ascended the throne, Empress Dowager he court. General He Jin wanted to take advantage of the death of Emperor Ling and the loss of eunuch to kill shichangshi, but he didn't get the support of Empress Dowager he. So he Jin called Dong Zhuo, who was then a herdsman of Bingzhou, to Beijing to coerce empress dowager he to agree. However, Dong Zhuo has not yet arrived in the capital, and he Jin has been murdered by the eunuch. In September of the same year, Dong Zhuo entered the capital and took charge of the government. He abolished Han Shaodi as emperor Hongnong, and changed his younger brother Chen Liuwang as emperor Xiandi of Han. He also sent people to poison Hongnong's mother and son, claiming to be a great master and specializing in government. Cao Cao saw that Dong Zhuo acted against his will and was unwilling to cooperate with him, so he changed his name and escaped from Luoyang, the capital. When Cao Cao arrived at Chen Liu, he "scattered his family wealth and joined the army of righteousness", and advocated the army of righteousness, calling on the heroes of the world to attack Dong Zhuo.

In the first month of the first year of Chuping (190), Yuan Shu and others jointly promoted Yuan Shao, the governor of the Bohai Sea, as the leader of the alliance, and Cao Cao served as the acting general Fenwu to join in the fight against Dong Jun. In February, Dong Zhuo, defeated by the Allied forces, forced Emperor Xian to move his capital to Chang'an (now northwest of Xi'an, Shaanxi). He burned his palace, dug up his mausoleum, and plundered the people. As a result, Luoyang was desolate and desolate for 200 miles. However, the Allied forces in the east of Shaanxi were afraid of the fighting power of Dong Zhuo's elite Liangzhou army, and no one dared to advance to the west of Shaanxi. They all stationed troops in the area of suanzao (now the north of Yanjin County). Cao Cao thought that Dong Zhuo "burned the palace, robbed the emperor, and shocked the sea", so he should take the opportunity to fight against him, so he led the army to the West alone. Cao Cao traveled to bianshui, Xingyang city (now southwest of Xingyang city), and fought with General Xu Rong of Dong Zhuo. Because of the huge number of soldiers, Cao Cao was defeated, and most of the soldiers were killed and injured. He was also injured by liuya. Fortunately, he was saved by his cousin Cao Hong and survived. When it came to suanzao, Cao Cao suggested that all the troops should occupy important areas, and then divide their troops into Wuguan (now Southeast of Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province) to encircle Dong Zhuo, but the generals in the east of Guandong refused to follow. In fact, each of the armies of Kanto, named Dong Zhuo, had a ghost in their heart and intended to develop their own forces. Soon, there was friction and fighting among the armies. The coalition was disbanded.

In 191, Cao Cao was defeated by Du, Bai Rao, Sui Gu, Yu Fuluo and so on. Yuan Shao indicated that he was the prefect of Dongjun.

In the third year of Chuping (192), the yellow scarf army of Qingzhou developed greatly. It broke the counties of Yanzhou (governing Changyi, now Southeast of Juye County in Shandong Province) and killed Liu Dai, the governor of Yanzhou. Bao Xin, the Prime Minister of Jinan, and others welcomed Cao Cao as the herdsman of Yanzhou. Cao Cao and Bao Xinhe attacked Huangjin. Bao Xin died in the war. Cao Cao finally defeated Huang Jin by "setting up a strange situation and fighting day and night". In the winter of that year, more than 300000 people died and a population of more than one million. Cao Cao collected his elite and formed an army, called Qingzhou soldier. He also helped Yuan Shao defeat Liu Bei, Dan Jing and Tao Qian.

In the spring of 193, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shu, Heishan army and southern Xiongnu in kuangting. The army led by Mu Tao Qian of Xuzhou invaded Rencheng in the south of Yanzhou, and Cao Cao led the army to attack Tao Qian and enter Xuzhou (now Tancheng County of Shandong Province) to expand his power to the southeast. More than ten cities of Xuzhou have been conquered. Tao Qian retreated to Tan county. Before long, Cao Cao's military supplies would be exhausted and he would withdraw from the encirclement and return to the army.

fight for territory in ancient central China

In the spring of the first year of Xingping (194), Cao song, Cao Cao's father, and Cao De, Cao Cao's younger brother, were killed by Tao Qian. In the summer, Cao Cao made another expedition to Xuzhou, slightly to the East China Sea. During Cao Cao's expedition to Xuzhou, he killed too many people. Chen Gong, the garrison of Dongjun County, was dissatisfied with Cao Cao, so he conspired with Zhang Miao, Chen Liu's prefect, Zhang Chao, Zhang Miao's younger brother, Xu Si and Wang Kai, who were engaged in Zhonglang rebellion, to welcome Lv Bu as the herdsman of Yanzhou. At that time, only juancheng (now juancheng County, Shandong Province), fan (Nanfan County, Dongjun county) and Dong'e (now Yanggu County, Shandong Province) were still under Cao Cao's control. Sima xunzu, Shou Zhangling Cheng Yu and Xia Houdun, the governor of Dongjun County, held fast to them respectively. The situation was extremely critical. Cao Cao rushed back from Xuzhou and heard that Lu butun was in Puyang, so he marched into Puyang and besieged it. The two armies had a stalemate for more than a hundred days, the locust disaster broke out, the two sides stopped fighting, and Cao Cao's army returned to juancheng. At this time, Cao Cao lost Yanzhou (now in the northwest of Yuncheng County, Shandong Province) and his military supplies were exhausted. Yuan Shao sent people to persuade Cao Cao to take refuge in him and let his family move to Ye County as hostages. Cao Cao intended to promise Yuan Shao, but thanks to Cheng Yu's dissuasion, Cao Cao gave up the idea.

In the second year of Xingping (195), Cao Cao's whole army fought against Lu Bu again. He was defeated three times. He broke Dingtao (now Dingtao in Shandong Province) and Huiqiu (now northwest Yuncheng in Shandong Province) to pacify Yanzhou. Lu Bu fled to Xuzhou to take refuge with Liu Bei. In July, because of the fierce competition between Li Xi and Guo Si, the Han Dynasty became prosperous

Chinese PinYin : Meng De