zhen

zhen

Yuan Zhen (779-831) was born in Luoyang, Henan Province (now Henan). Tang Dynasty minister, writer. He is a descendant of Tuoba tribe of Xianbei in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the 19th grandson of Tuoba shiyiqian, Emperor Zhaocheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Yuan Zhen has few talents. In the ninth year of Zhengyuan period (793), he was granted the title of Zuo Shiyi and entered the shogunate of Hezhong. He was promoted to be a scholar and moved to supervise the censor. He once paid homage to the prime minister. Under the planning of Li Fengji, he took up the post of governor of Tongzhou and became Youcheng. Taihe four years (830 years), as Wuchang army Jiedushi. Taihe five years (831) died, at the age of 53, after the book right pushe.

Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi had the same subject and became lifelong poetry friends. They jointly advocated the new Yuefu movement, which was known as "Yuanbai" in the world and formed "Yuanhe style". Yuan Zhen was exiled to jingman for nearly ten years because of his outstanding talent and forthright personality. Then Bai Juyi was demoted as Sima of Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang City), and Yuanzhen was transferred to Sima of Tongzhou (now Dazhou city). Although Tongzhou and Jiangzhou are far apart from each other in the sky, they can communicate with each other for free. According to their poems, there are 30 rhymes, 50 rhymes and even 100 rhymes. Poetry has made great achievements, shallow words, sad meaning, touching people's heart and heart.

The creation of Yuefu Poetry was influenced by Zhang Ji and Wang Jian, and "new Yuefu" was directly originated from Li Shen. There are more than 830 poems in existence, including 100 volumes of poems and Fu, imperial edicts, admonition and argumentation, etc. Politically, Yuan Zhen made great efforts to fight against corruption when he was a censor, and paid attention to the development of agriculture when he was a local official.

(an overview of Yuan Zhen's inscriptions and postscripts is based on the engraving of the painting biography of wanxiaotang in the eighth year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty.)

Life of the characters

Early experience

Yuan Zhen was born in February of the 14th year of zongdali (779) in the Tang Dynasty. He was born in the south of Luoyang, the eastern capital. His father was yuan Kuan, and his mother was Zheng. He is a descendant of Tuoba tribe of Xianbei clan in the Northern Wei Dynasty. His family has lived in Luoyang for a long time and has been an official for generations.

Yuan Zhen's father Yuan Kuan died when he was eight years old. His mother Zheng, who was born in a scholarly family, took on the burden of Yuan Zhen's schooling.

In 793, Yuan Zhen, a 15-year-old, took part in the examination of "book of rites and Book of Rites" held by the imperial court in order to promote his two classics. There were many imperial examinations in Tang Dynasty, and the most popular subjects were Jinshi and Mingjing. However, compared with the two disciplines, the Jinshi discipline is difficult, which means that the Jinshi discipline is more difficult, and the Mingjing discipline means that the Jinshi discipline is more difficult than the Mingjing discipline, and the scholars in Tang Dynasty pay more attention to the Jinshi discipline. In order to get rid of poverty and gain fame as soon as possible, Yuan Zhen chose Mingjing, which was relatively easy to apply for, and won the first World War.

A new official

In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), and at the beginning of Yuanzhen's reign, he had no official and lived in the capital. But he didn't stop studying hard. His family collection of books provided him with the conditions of extensive reading. The cultural environment of the capital and his wide interests cultivated his cultural accomplishment. In the following year, Chen Zi'ang's thirty-eight sentimental poems and Du Fu's hundreds of poems were carefully read, and a large number of poems were composed.

In the 15th year of Zhenyuan (799), Yuan Zhen, 21 years old, lived in Puzhou and became an official in Hezhong Prefecture. At this time, when the garrison riots, Puzhou restless. With the help of his friends, Yuan Zhen protected his distant relatives in danger. He fell in love with the girl in his family. Soon after, Yuan Zhen took the lead in his official career and returned to the capital in the west to take the imperial examination.

The high gate of marriage

In the winter of the 18th year of Zhenyuan (802), Yuan Zhen, 24, took part in the Gongju for the second time.

In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), Yuanzhen was appointed the fourth rank of the outstanding section, and was incorporated into the Secretary Province as the school scholar. Bai Juyi, eight years older than him, also published a book and sentenced him to be a best friend.

Yuan Zhen was born in a small and medium-sized landlord with a low family background. Only after he became an official did he have the capital to get married. At this time, he was a schoolboy. He was in his prime and full of talent, so he put his life on the agenda. According to Han Yu's epitaph on the wife of the censor Yuanjun Jingzhao Wei, it is said that "choosing a son-in-law leads to the present censor Yuanzhen of Henan Province. Qi Shi began to select the Secretary of the provincial school Soon after Yuan Zhen was a scholar, he married Wei Cong, the daughter of Wei Xiaqing. In October, Wei Xiaqing, his father-in-law, left the eastern capital of Luoyang and took office in the eastern capital of Luoyang. Because Wei Cong was "the youngest partial daughter of Xie Gong", he could not give up. So Yuan Zhen and Wei Cong went to Luoyang together to serve Wei Xiaqing. Yuan Zhen and his wife lived in Wei's house in the east capital of Luoyang. Yuan Zhen returned to the capital at the beginning of the next year, while Wei Cong lived in Luoyang for a long time according to Yuan Zhen's poems. At this stage, Yuan Zhen traveled between the capital and Luoyang many times because of his family affairs.

A demotion of Jiangling

In April of the first year of Yuanhe (806) of emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, Yuanzhen and Bai Juyi both entered the section of "talent, knowledge and application of sports". Yuanbai Tongji ranked the first among 18 people. Yuanzhen was the first, and he was awarded the position of Cong bapin.

As soon as Yuan Zhen arrived at his post, he immediately made a series of contributions. He first discussed "jiaoben" (paying attention to the selection of Baofu for the Prince), then "Jianzhi" (remolding the temple) and "qianmiao" (remolding the temple). At the same time, he clearly supported Peidu's attack on Quanxing, which attracted Xianzong's attention and was soon summoned.

Yuan Zhen should have been encouraged to be diligent in his duty. However, because he was too outspoken and violated the authority, he was demoted to Henan county captain in September. Bai Juyi was also a county magistrate after he left school. At this time, when his mother died, Yuan Zhen was very sad and kept filial piety at home for three years. After that, Yuan Zhen, 31, was promoted to the rank of censor.

In the spring of the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), he was ordered to send an envoy to Dongchuan, Jiannan. When he first entered the officialdom, he was high spirited, dedicated to serving the people and the country, so he boldly impeached the officials who were not judges and vindicated many unjust cases, which was widely welcomed and highly praised by the people. Bai Juyi even wrote a poem to give him "his heart is like a lung stone, moving will reach the poor people, Dongchuan 80, a word of grievance.". This action violated the interests of the old bureaucrats and the vassal groups in the middle of the dynasty, and soon they found an opportunity to send Yuan Zhen out to Fenwu Dongtai. The reason why Luoyang was idle was that he wanted to exclude Dongtai. Even under such pressure, Yuan Zhen still adhered to the principle of being an official and enforced the law impartially. In the same year, when his official career was frustrated, his virtuous and intelligent wife Wei Cong died in her prime. The death of Wei Cong had a great impact on Yuan Zhen and made him unable to sleep at night. Yuan Zhen wrote a famous poem of mourning, three poems of mourning.

In the fifth year of Yuanhe (810), Yuanzhen was recalled and fined for playing Henan Yinfang style (after Fang Xuanling, the founding minister). When he passed through Huazhou Fushui post, he stayed in the upper Hall of the post house. It happened that eunuchs Qiu Shiliang, Liu Shiyuan and others wanted to live in the upper hall. Yuan Zhen argued for his reason, but was scolded by Qiu Shiliang. Liu Shiyuan came forward to beat Yuan Zhen with a whip, which made him bloody, and finally he was driven out of the upper hall. Later, Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty demoted Yuan Zhen to Cao Canjun, a scholar of Jiangling Prefecture, on the ground of "Yuan Zhen despised his power and lost his official style". From then on, he began to live in exile for more than ten years.

Two demoted TongZhou

Yuan Zhen was exiled to jingman for nearly ten years because of his outstanding talent and forthright personality. Then Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, and Yuanzhen was transferred to TongZhou Sima. Although Tongzhou and Jiangzhou are far apart from each other in the sky, they can communicate with each other for free. According to their poems, there are 30 rhymes, 50 rhymes and even 100 rhymes. People from the south of the Yangtze River, the allegorical chanting of the way of the post house, has been spread to the palace, the people in the lane recite each other, resulting in the expensive paper on the market. It can be seen from the poem that his mood of exile is full of sorrow.

In the first month of the 10th year of Yuanhe (815), Yuanzhen, 37, was once ordered to return to the court, thinking that it was possible to use it. Passing through Lanqiao post, he wrote poems and left them as gifts to his friends Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan, who had similar destinies. After arriving in Beijing, he was in harmony with Bai Juyi in poetry and wine. Yuan Zhen collected the works of his poetry friends and planned to compile them as a collection of Yuanbai's returning poems. But the manuscript was not finished, but he was exiled to Yuanzhou with Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan. In March, Yuan Zhen "rode all over TongZhou" and became the Sima of Tongzhou. In Tongzhou, he was "dying of an old disease", suffering from malaria, and almost died. He went to Xingyuan mansion on Shannan West Road for medical treatment. In poverty, poets can only express their feelings in poems and comfort each other in friendship. In Tongzhou, he completed his most influential Yuefu poem "Lianchang palace Ci" and more than 180 poems with Bai Juyi.

Three demotions to TongZhou

With the amnesty and Yuan Zhen's confidants Cui Qun, Li Yijian and Pei Du's appearance one after another, Yuan Zhen's situation of long-term political repression was gradually changed. In the 13th year of Yuanhe (818), Yuanzhen had acted as governor of Tongzhou. At the end of the year, he became governor of Guo.

In the winter of the 14th year of Yuanhe (819), Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty called Yuanzhen back to Beijing to teach wailang, a member of the catering department. Linghu Chu, the prime minister, praised his poems and prose deeply, thinking that Bao and Xie Ye of the present generation were the best.

In 820, after emperor Mu Zong ascended the throne, he was recommended by Duan Wenchang, the Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty. When Emperor Mu Zong was the crown prince of Tang Dynasty, he loved Yuan Zhen's poems. At this time, he paid special attention to Yuan Zhen's poems. He was often summoned to talk about military Fu and northwest affairs, and asked him to plan. A few months later, Yuan Zhen was promoted to be a scholar of the Chinese Academy of calligraphy. He was also known as "San Jun" (Biography of Li Shen in the old book of the Tang Dynasty) with Li Deyu and Li Shen who were already in the Academy. At the same time of his rapid promotion, Yuan Zhen fell into a sharp and complicated political struggle vortex, and the feud with Li Zongmin broke out, which planted the seeds of party struggle. Before long, Pei Du impeached Yuan Zhen to make friends with Wei Hongjian, and Yuan Zhen was dismissed as a bachelor and Minister of government and industry.

In the spring of 821, Yuanzhen and Peidu became prime ministers successively. With the support of Mu Zong, Yuan Zhen ascended the position. In the struggle between the Tang Dynasty and the local warlords, he actively calmed down the riots and planned to use anti Japanese tactics to counter the rebellion.

Chinese PinYin : Yuan Zhen