Angel
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (August 29, 1780 - January 14, 1867), born in Montauban, France, is a neo classical painter, aesthetic theorist and educator.
His father has cultivated his interest in art since childhood. At that time, he was very keen on pursuing primitivism. As a result of his hard work, earnest, 17-year-old angel has been a very good painter. At that time, davitt was the chief painter of Napoleon. From 1834 to 1841, he went to Rome again to deeply study the works of Italian classical masters in the Renaissance, especially Rafael Sanchi. After the education of Jacques Louis David and the classical tradition of Italy, angel had a deeper understanding of the classical law. When davitt went into exile in Belgium, he became the standard bearer of French neoclassicism, competing with romanticism.
Character experience
He was born on August 29, 1780, in the state of monttopia. His father, Joseph angel, was an academician of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in the state of monttopia, and his mother, the daughter of a royal palace wig maker, was well influenced by art since childhood.
In 1786, angel was sent to church school by his father.
In 1791, he entered Toulouse college to study fine arts.
From 1793 to 1796, he was a violinist in the orchestra. In order to lighten the family burden, angel acted as the second violinist in the troupe of Toulouse theatre.
In 1797, angel came to Paris and entered the studio of Jacques Louis David.
In 1799, he was admitted to the oil painting department of the Academy of fine arts;
In 1801, he won the Rome prize for his painting the emissary of Agamemnon.
In 1805, he met the family of the magistrates Riviera in Paris and created the portrait of Madame Riviera.
He studied, created and worked in Rome from 1806 to 1820.
In 1820, he moved to Florence and accepted a large number of portraits;
In 1824, "the vows of Louis XIII" was exhibited in France and was officially praised. In the same year, he opened his own school in Paris.
In 1825, he was elected to the Royal Academy of fine arts.
From 1835 to 1841, he was the dean of the French Academy in Rome.
In 1835, he returned to Rome again and created a series of portrait sketches and oil paintings;
In 1841, he returned to Paris and continued to create many masterpieces
In 1856, the birth of the most outstanding work spring, which symbolizes "the beauty of purity and solemnity", marked the glorious peak of angel's art.
In 1863, the city of Monte Carlo presented him with a golden crown.
On January 14, 1867, he died of pneumonia in Paris at the age of 87.
Main works
Oil painting
work
Award winning record
In 1801, he won the Rome prize for his painting the emissary of Agamemnon.
In 1863, the city of Monte Carlo presented him with a golden crown.
Creative features
In 1808, angel created the famous "valpin pine bath girl", which is regarded as the classic figure of naked back by later generations. It is healthy, plump, full of vitality and without any obscene elements.
Angul emphasizes that the painting must pay attention to the skeleton, and the muscle is far next. He thinks that the muscle drawing too accurately will become the biggest obstacle to modeling purity, and even cause the waste of unique ideas, making the work mediocre. This is an important aesthetic theory that has never been thought of before. The Grand Palace, which he wrote at the invitation of Queen Caroline in 1814, is the best proof of this theory. Angel deliberately lengthens the waist of the character (adding three vertebrae), this "boneless" variant enhances the unique charm of nudity. In addition, the deployment of colors is so smooth and stable, so unique that some people say that no one in Venice can match.
Engel advocates nature, and his nude creation, which represents his highest achievement, is a perfect combination of natural image refinement and classical modeling rationality. The naked women in his works have no thought (Turkish bathroom), no faith (harem beauty) and no epochal elements (Venus, actually his wife's portrait). They are all pure artistic creation of the painter. Spring is his most famous work. It started as an exercise when he was in Italy in 1820, and was finished in Paris in 1856. It is said that the original name is Venus. However, after decades of secular wandering, the painter modified the little angel at the girl's feet and changed the hair arrangement into a inverted water bottle, making it a masterpiece with classical symbolic significance. Perhaps angel is reposing her infinite attachment to youth - the girl's vigorous body is just like the budding Daisy at her feet, exuding long-term charm, giving people quiet thoughts and endless meaning. The young girl is the child of the artist's aging age. Her beauty is more than all her sisters and concentrates their beauty in one body. Angel's art form beauty is successful. His nudity discards all the unnatural elements, so their beauty is a model that can be worshiped in any era.
In his 80 years of creative career, he diligently practiced his ideals on the road of art, diligently created and left a rich artistic heritage; he attached great importance to the cultivation of students' observation ability, emphasized the training of painting foundation, and formulated a series of classical principles as the standard of the academic school.
social activities
School struggle
As a representative of neoclassicism in the 19th century, he represented the conservative academic school and formed a sharp school struggle against the new romantic painting school at that time. Engel does not rigidly copy the style of ancient masters. He is good at grasping the modeling beauty of classical art and melting this classical beauty into nature. He got a concise and simple style from classical beauty, and always took Winckelmann's "quiet greatness, lofty simplicity" as his principle.
His painting absorbed the legacy of the 15th century Italian painting, ancient Greek pottery decoration painting, etc. his painting method was exquisite, and he paid attention to line modeling, especially good at portrait painting. In terms of specific skills, "clean lines and smooth modeling" are required. Therefore, almost every painting strives to achieve rigorous composition, simple color and elegant image, especially in a series of paintings that embody his beauty of human body, such as spring, grand palace maid, washingsong's bathmaid, Turkish bathroom, etc.
Running schools
In 1824, angel opened his own school in Paris, and the young people who pursued primitivism turned to him. He was interested in the Renaissance. He believed that the way to make art sound was to study nature through the Greeks and Raphael Santi (1483-1520), pay attention to the depiction of details, and mainly strive for clean lines and smooth shape. He emphasized the pure and indifferent beauty, which is the reason It is opposite to Jacques Louis David's artistic view. In the attitude towards ancient Greece, angel undoubtedly put in more feelings and enthusiasm.
Engel's reputation is booming, which is the time when classicism is coming to an end and romanticism is rising. There have been many debates between him and Delacroix, the new representative of romanticism. Romanticism emphasizes the use of color, while classicism emphasizes the integrity of outline and the strictness of composition. The Academy of fine arts controlled by Engel scoffs at the various painting styles of the new generation, and the shape of the new generation It's an academic style.
Angel enjoyed a great reputation during his life, and was buried in the famous priest raschez cemetery in Paris after his death.
Character evaluation
Pure romantics
Angel worships Greco Roman Art and Raphael, and defends the classical rules like David, but shows a strong interest in the middle ages and the exotic Oriental style, so he is dramatically classified into the romantic school by some art historians.
Angel is a passionate person who worships nature. Before consulting the Greeks and Raphael, angel studied nature. He once asserted: "the Greeks are nature; Raphael is Raphael because he knows nature better than others." However, angel can't give up the treatment of light and shade completely. He also uses strong, too bright and unreal colors to make up for the coldness of the colors in his works. In this case, when we look at angel's paintings, we usually have the feeling that the lines are too clean. It is the cleanness of the lines that leads angel to abstraction, which will make the picture meaningless. But in order to show the light and shade and make the work rich in content, he will also break the lines to make it "picturesque". However, in this kind of "picturesque" which is as hard as metal, it does not have the kind of fluency and "soul" that is essential for general "picturesque". Such as Paul and Francesca, which was created in 1819. When his lines become too accurate, he overwhelms them with details and paints a bunch of low-grade ornaments. But when he imitated Titian, it was like Raphael, and his work became a precious masterpiece. After his first visit to Rome, he perfected his painting style, more and more masterpieces appeared, and his art reached its peak.
Character controversy
He once declared that the art form was a kind of "reactionary" and "traitor" in the history of art
Chinese PinYin : An Ge Er
Angel
