rebel leader

rebel leader

Huangchao (820-884), whose name is unknown, was born in YuanJu County, Caozhou (now Mudan District, Heze City, Shandong Province). At the end of Tang Dynasty, the leader of peasant uprising was the founding emperor of Qi Dynasty.

Born in a salt merchant's family, he is good at riding and shooting. He is proficient in writing and has few poetic talents.. After adulthood, did not pass the imperial examination. During the severe drought in Kanto, the refugees were actively gathered. In June of 875, Qianfu responded to the uprising of Wang Xianzhi. In the fourth year of Qianfu (877), Yunzhou was captured and Tianping Jiedu envoy Xue Chong was killed. In the fifth year of Qianfu (878), after Wang Xianzhi died, he became the leader of the uprising army, known as "chongtian general" and named "wangba". In 879, Qianfu besieged Guangzhou. In the first year of Guangming Dynasty (880), he entered Luoyang, broke through Tongguan and entered Chang'an, which was located in Hanyuan hall. He was named Daqi and Jintong, and slaughtered all the officials of Tang Dynasty. Under the fierce attack of Tang Dynasty generals Li Keyong and Wang chongrong, they withdrew from Chang'an.

In 884, he died in langhu Valley at the age of 65.

Life of the characters

Wang Xianzhi Uprising

Huang Chao's family has been selling private salt for generations, and they are very rich. He is good at swordsmanship, equestrian and archery. He is proficient in writing and has been a poet since he was a child. When I was five years old, I could serve my grandfather and write poems.

As an adult, Huang Chao took the entrance examination several times, but all of them failed. So he wrote a poem "Bu Di Hou Fu Ju" full of resentment and left Chang'an. Later, he inherited his ancestors and became the leader of the salt gang.

In the first year of Qianfu (874), floods and droughts occurred all over the country year after year. Henan Province was the most serious, with half harvest of wheat. There were almost no crops in autumn and few vegetables in winter. However, since Yizong of Tang Dynasty, "the army has been constantly used and the tax collection has become more and more urgent", and the States and counties have not talked about the disaster, resulting in "the death of the common people and no place to complain".

So Wang Xianzhi and Shang Junchang, the smugglers of Puyang, gathered thousands of people to attack Changyuan County, occupy the county and capture Caozhou, Puzhou and Yunzhou. The momentum has soared. Therefore, Wang Xianzhi called himself "Tianbu average general" and "all the powerful capitals in the sea", known as Cao Jun. He also preached all kinds of doctrines, denouncing the corruption of the official administration, heavy taxes and duties, and unfair rewards and punishments in the Tang Dynasty. There were more than ten people, such as Shang Junchang, Chai Cun, Bi Shiduo, Cao Shixiong, Liu Yanzhang, Liu Hanhong, Li Chongba, Cai Wenqiu, Chu Yanwei and Wang Chongyin, who plundered wantonly. Before there was a rumor that "Golden Toad fight for eyes, but the world turned against Caozhou." When Wang Xianzhi rebelled, the whole world was afraid.

Join the grass Army

In June of the second year of Qianfu (875), Wang Xianzhi and others captured Puzhou (now Fanxian county) and Caozhou, and defeated the repressive army. Huang Chao was fond of turmoil by nature. He gathered thousands of people with his nephew Huang Cun, Huang Kui, Huang Ye and his nephew Lin Yan to respond to Wang Xianzhi. The common people who suffered from severe levies and exorbitant income, and Pang Xun's old army, who lived scattered among the people, rushed to join the rebel army first, "in a few months, tens of thousands.". Attack Yunzhou, attack Yizhou.

In November, the peasant uprising army raided more than ten prefectures. As for Huainan, there were more than 1000 people and less than a few hundred people. Zuojin Wuwei's general Qi Kerang was the governor of the taining army and led the army to attack Wang Xianzhi. Fearing, Wang Xianzhi led his army to fight Chen, Xu, Xiang and Deng. He carried them away regardless of their age, claiming to have 300000 troops. Seeing that Wang Xianzhi's uprising was so powerful, Tang Ting immediately ordered the five section envoys of Huainan, Zhongwu, Xuanwu, Yicheng and Tianping army to attack the Cao army, and appointed Song Wei, the section envoys of Pinglu, to camp for Zhudao to recruit the Cao thief envoys. He specially granted the forbidden army 3000 and Jiaqi 500, and ordered all the troops dispatched by Zhufan town in Henan Province to be under the command of Song Wei. Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao adopted the mobile tactics of avoiding the real and taking advantage of the virtual, leading the army to encircle Yizhou.

Move to the Central Plains

In July of the third year of Qianfu (876), Song Wei and Wang Xianzhi fought under the Yizhou city. It's a big defeat. When Wang Xianzhi was dead, Song Wei dismissed all the troops. Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao took advantage of the favorable opportunity, and after a short rest, they entered Henan in August and quickly occupied eight counties, including Yangzhai (now Yu County) and Jiacheng (now Jiaxian county). The imperial court used Wang Duo to replace Song Wei as the camp of all roads to recruit grass thieves. Zeng Yuanyu, a regular official of Zuo Sanqi, was appointed as the Deputy envoy to defend Luoyang. Lingshan South East Road Jiedushi Li Fuxuan rode 2000 to Ruzhou (today's Ruzhou city) and Dengzhou (today's Dengzhou city) to guard the main road. Fengxiang Jiedushi Ling Huxuan and Huaning Jiedushi Li Kan chose 1000 infantry and 500 cavalry to garrison in Shanzhou (today's Shanxian County) and Tongguan (today's Shannxi Tongguan) in an attempt to stop Wang Xianzhi's westward advance and further annihilate the volunteers.

Wang Xianzhi then led the volunteers to attack Ruzhou City, annihilate all the officers and soldiers, occupied Ruzhou, killed Dong Hanxun, the Tang general, Liu Chengyong, the Minister of punishment, and captured the assassin Wang Zhen alive. Dongdu earthquake, officials run away. Emperor Fu of Tang Dynasty issued an imperial edict to absolve Wang Xianzhi of his crime and bribe him. Wang Xianzhi took advantage of the victory and went north to capture Yangwu (now Yuanyang). When he besieged Zhengzhou, he fought with Lei Yinfu, the governor of the Zhaoyi army, in Zhongmou (now Hebi West). After the defeat, the rebel ants gathered between Deng and Ru.

Most of the prefectures and counties in Guandong were afraid of grass thieves, and they all held fast to the city. Therefore, grass thieves led four strategies. Wang Xianzhi led a group of volunteers to attack tangzhou (now Tanghe) and Dengzhou in October, Yingzhou (now beijingshan Lake) and Fuzhou (now Mianyang Hubei Province) in November, and Suizhou (now suixian County Hubei Province) in December. There was a lot of burning and looting in the places where they had passed, and there were few living people on the road. Another rebel army entered Huainan, Shenzhou (now Xinyang, Henan) and Guangzhou (now Huangchuan), attacked Suizhou and captured the assassin. Taking Anzhou as a stronghold, they surrounded Shuzhou and attacked Lu, Shou and Guangzhou. Turn southeast and advance to Anzhou (now Anlu, Hubei) and Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei). Close to Yangzhou, sound shock Huainan. In half a year, the rebel forces fought in the vast area between the Yangtze River, the Huaihe River and the Han River, and the number of officers and soldiers rapidly increased to 300000.

Song Wei was too old and fatuous to fight, so he privately discussed with Zeng Yuanyu: "when Pang Xun was destroyed, Kang Chengxun was convicted. If we succeed in exterminating the grass thieves, can we avoid disaster? It's better to leave the grass thieves and let the emperor worry. In this way, we will also become meritorious officials. " Therefore, as soon as the bandits left, Song Wei withdrew immediately. When the emperor knew about it, he took Cui Anqian, the governor of the Zhongwu army, as the capital of the camp. Li Zhuo, the former hongluqing, took the place of Song Wei, and Zhang Zimian, the superior general of youweiwei, took the place of Zeng Yuanyu.

Wang Huang split

When the grass thieves went into and out of Qizhou and Huangzhou, Pei Wo, the governor of Qizhou, could not resist and promised to go up to the court for Wang Xianzhi. The two sides agreed to strike. Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao went to the banquet with wo. Soon after, Emperor Fu of Tang Dynasty granted Wang Xianzhi the title of "zuoshence army". Wang Xianzhi's thought wavered and wanted to give up the struggle and accept the official position of Tang Dynasty.

Huang Chao hated that the imperial court did not reward him, so he rebuked Wang Xianzhi and said, "we have made an oath together to sweep the world. Now we have to go from officials to the left army, where can we let these 5000 people go back?" At this time, the group was furious and scolded. Huang Chao was furious and went out to fight Wang Xianzhi. Wang Xianzhi reluctantly refused to surrender to Tang Dynasty because he was scolded by Huang Chao and strongly opposed by the rebel army. He plundered the soldiers in the state, and both Pew and the emissary fled. After the conflict, Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao fought separately: Shang Junchang entered Chen and CAI; Huang Chao moved northward, plundered Qi and Lu, and parted ways with Wang Xianzhi. This seriously weakened the strength of the rebels.

In February of the fourth year of Qianfu (877), Huang Chao led the army to capture Yunzhou (now Yuncheng in Shandong Province), killing Xue Chong, the Jiedu envoy of Tianping army. In March, Yizhou was captured again, with tens of thousands of people. Although Huang Chao was even in the second state, he was still fighting alone and weak. At this time, Wang Xianzhi would garrison shangrang in Chaya mountain (now Pingxi), and Huang Chao would join shangrang to protect Chaya mountain.

At that time, Liu Yanzhang, the commander-in-chief, attacked Jiangzhou again and captured the assassin Tao Xiang. Huang Chao and Wang Xianzhi joined forces again and soon attacked Songzhou. Just in time, Zhang Zimian, the Deputy envoy, arrived and killed 2000 grass thieves.

Wang Xianzhi then led the original team to the south to spend the Han River and attack Jingnan. Yang Zhiwen, the Jiedu envoy of Jingnan, went to the city to stick to it. The bandits set fire to the city wall, but Yang Zhiwen couldn't get out. The imperial court ordered Gao pian to replace him. Pian used 15000 Shu soldiers to bring their own food, hoping to arrive on the 30th, but the city was lost. Yang Zhiwen fled, and the grass thieves could not guard the city. Liu Bingren, the general of zuowuwei, was ordered to serve as the assassin of Jiangzhou. He was forced to enter the camp of the bandits by boat. The bandits were so frightened that they vied to surrender. Liu Yanzhang was killed.

Huang Chao led his troops to fight in Qihuang area, attacking Hezhou, but failed to conquer it. Because of the defeat in the battle, he had to go back to the Central Plains and even to Kuangcheng (northeast of Fengqiu) and Puzhou. Xianzhi surrounded Hongzhou and attacked, so Xu Tangju came to garrison. They captured Langzhou and Yuezhou, and surrounded Tanzhou, but Cui Jin was repelled by Hunan observation. He moved to Western Zhejiang and harassed Xuanzhou and Runzhou, but failed. He led his troops to stay in Jiangxi and sent others back to Henan.

The imperial edict asked Cui Anqian to return to his military loyalty, reappointed Song Wei and Zeng Yuanyu as envoys, and let Yang Fuguang supervise the army. Fuguang sent for the grass thief. Wang Xianzhi sent Cai Wenqiu, Chu Yanwei and Shang Junchang to negotiate and asked Song Wei to be a governor. Song Wei pretended to agree to him. The letter said, "fight with the king, fight with the birds.". In the end, cutting the king's head is equal to dog ridge. In a rage, Xianzhi attacked Hongzhou. Song Wei personally led his troops to rescue Wang Xianzhi. He defeated Wang Xianzhi in Huangmei, beheaded more than 50000 people, captured and killed Wang Xianzhi, and passed it on to the capital.

Stand on your own feet

After the death of Wang Xianzhi, some of the others went south to live in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, while the others, led by Shang rang, went north to join Huang Chao in Bozhou. The generals promoted Huang Chao as Huang Wang, known as the "great general of the sky". They changed the Yuan Dynasty to Wang Ba and set up officials to separate their posts. They drove more than 100000 people from Henan and Shannan to plunder Huainan.

Zeng Yuanyu defeated in Shenzhou

Chinese PinYin : Huang Chao