title deeds

title deeds

Tian Dan (D ā n), surnamed GUI, surnamed Tian, was born in Linzi (now Linzi District, Shandong Province). During the Warring States period, Qi was a famous general and a distant clan of Qi.

At the beginning, he was appointed as the city manager, managing the market order of Linzi. Yue Yi led the army of five countries to attack Qi. When he was in danger, Tian Dan held fast to Jimo, defeated the Yan army with the fire ox array, recovered more than 70 cities, worshipped as prime minister, and granted the title of Anping Jun.

Later, under the suspicion of the king of Qi, he went to the state of Zhao and became prime minister. He was named dupingjun. After his death, he was buried in Anping City.

Life of the characters

Retreat to Jimo

In 314 B.C., Prime Minister Zizhi of the state of Yan launched a rebellion. At that time, King Zhao of Yan and Jiangjun city were attacked. Zizhi was scuffled for several months. King Xuan of Qi took the opportunity to attack Jicheng, the capital of Yan, and killed Zizhi and yanwang Kuai in an attempt to destroy Yan. But then Qi army was forced to retreat.

In 286 B.C., the state of song was defeated by the army of King Tian of Qi Min, which caused hatred among the other six countries. In 285 BC, Qin general Meng Wu led his army to attack Qi and occupied nine cities.

In 284 B.C., King min of Qi was resented by the people inside and hated by the state of Qin outside (because the state of Qi was so powerful that many countries prepared to submit to the state of Qin changed their position and submitted to the state of Qi at that time). Five countries attacked Qi, defeated Qi's army in the west of Jishui, killed Qi General Han Nie, and the other four countries retreated one after another. In the second half of this year, Juyi County, the capital of Shandong Province, failed to capture Qi and Pingguo. The state of Chu sent troops again, which was called aid. In fact, it was an attack. Doctor Jimo was killed in battle. Tiandan led his people to escape to Jimo with iron sheet to protect the axle, and was elected as the city guard. The whole city of Jimo was resisted by Tian Dan, who fought for five years. Leyi's strategy of encircling instead of attacking.

A chain of opposites

Jimo, located in the wealthy Jiaodong, is a large city of Qi with abundant materials and large population, which has certain defensive conditions. Soon after Jimo was besieged, the general died in battle, and the army and the people jointly promoted Tian Dan as general. Taking advantage of the stalemate between the two armies, Tian Dan gathered more than 7000 soldiers to rectify and expand, and built more city fortresses to strengthen defense. He shared the joys and sorrows with the army and the people, "sitting down, weaving grass (weaving grass utensils), standing up, fighting (working with spades)" (Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 4, the 36th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty), personally inspected the city defense, compiled wives, concubines and clansmen into the army, scattered food to the soldiers, which won the trust of the army and the people. At the same time, in order to get rid of the most difficult opponent, Le Yi, Tian Dan sent someone to Yan Xing to make a dissension. He pretended that Le Yi was called "attack Qi". He wanted to be the king of Qi and deliberately delayed the attack on Jimo. If Yan sent another chief general, Jimo would be in danger. King Yanhui originally complained that Leyi had been unable to attack Jimo for a long time. As expected, he was caught in the trap and sent a cavalry robber to replace Leyi. Leyi went to Zhao.

Fire ox breaks the enemy

Yue Yi was afraid of being killed and did not dare to go back to the state of Yan, so he went back to his hometown Zhao, which made the soldiers of the state of Yan angry. So Tiandan ordered every family in the city to put out food in the courtyard to sacrifice their ancestors. Birds were attracted to hover over the city and flew down to peck at the food. The Yan people were surprised by this, so Tian Dan threatened to say, "this is a man of God coming down to teach me." So he ordered the people in the city to say, "God will be my teacher." A soldier said, "can I be a teacher?" So he turned around and ran. So Tian Dan got up, pulled the soldier back and asked him to sit facing east and serve him as a teacher. The soldier said, "I can't cheat you." Tian Dan said, "don't break it." So I took him as my teacher. Whenever an order is issued to restrain the army and the people, it must be claimed that it is the will of the divine master. So he threatened to say, "I'm only afraid that the Yan army will cut off their noses and put them in front of the Yan army to fight against the Qi army. Jimo will be attacked because of this." When Yan people heard about it, they did it according to the list. When the people in the city saw that those who surrendered to the Yan army in the state of Qi had their noses cut off, they were all angry and afraid of being captured alive. "I'm afraid that the Yan army will dig our tombs outside the city and insult our ancestors. I'll feel sad for that," he said Yan Jun digs all graves and burns dead bodies. Seeing from the city, the people of Jimo wept in tears and gnashed their teeth with hatred. They asked Tian Dan one after another and vowed to fight Yan army to the death.

Tian Dan then paralyzed the Yan army, and ordered the elite soldiers to hide in the city, using the old, weak and women to watch the city. And sent envoys to cheat surrender, let Jimo rich hold a lot of money to bribe Yanjiang, pretending Jimo will surrender, but hope to save his wife and children. The Yan army, which has been besieged for more than three years, is eager to stop fighting and return home. Seeing that great achievements will be made, they just wait for surrender and become more slack.

Seeing that the time was ripe for the counterattack, Tian Dan gathered more than a thousand oxen, tied their horns with sharp blades, tied their tails with oil soaked reeds, and put on colorful dragon pattern coats. One night, he ordered to light the oxen 'tail reeds. In pain, the oxen rushed to Yan camp from dozens of channels dug at the foot of the city, followed by 5000 elite warriors, and the soldiers and civilians in the city beat drums and weapons, shouting for support. Yan Jun saw countless swords in the corner of the fire, and the monsters coming straight behind him were in a state of panic. The warriors of Qi Army take advantage of the opportunity to fight, and the soldiers and civilians in the city follow closely. The Yan army takes the road to escape, tramples on each other, and is killed in the chaos. Tian Dan led the army to pursue the victory, and the people of Qi also helped the war with arms. They soon drove the Yan army out of the border and recovered more than 70 cities lost territory. This is the famous "fire ox formation" in history.

Later, he went back to Linzi and formally ascended the throne. He was the king of Qi Xiang, and Tiandan was granted the title of anpingjun.

Worship Zhao Xiang

According to the Warring States policy, Tian Dan was the general of Zhao and was granted the title of Pingjun. Zhao used three big cities and some small villages and towns, a total of 57 sent to Qi in exchange for Tian Dan, which was Zhao's capture of three small cities of Yan.

Historical evaluation

Xunzi: "Tiandan of Qi, ZhuangQiao of Chu, Shangyang of Qin and Miao of Yan are all worldly people who are good at using weapons."

Sima Qian: 1. The army should be in accordance with the principle and win by surprise. There are many wonderful things about the good. Qi and Zheng still exist together, like the ring without reason. The husband is like a virgin at the beginning, suitable for people to open an account; the husband is like a rabbit at the end, not suitable for distance; the farmland is called evil ② "Since King min lost Linzi and ran to Ju, only Tiandan used Jimo to break through the riding robbery, so he saved Qi state."

Liu Xiang said: "Chu had Shen Baoxu, but king Zhao reversed the throne; Qi had Tiandan, and King Xiang won the kingdom. From this point of view, there are no virtuous people in the country, but none of them can succeed and succeed. "

Lu Bu: "Xi Leyi attacked Qi, breathing more than 70 cities in Qi, but Ju and Jimo did not go down. Therefore, among them were Tian Dan."

Dong Zhao said: "in the last days, Tiandan drove the Qi people, reported the resentment of the weak Yan, collected the city for 70 years, and welcomed the king of Xiang. The king of Xiang rewarded the Dan, so that there was a seal of yeyi in the East, and there was a danger of going up in the West."

Liu Yin: "Fu Tiandan and Bao Xu, the petty officials of Qi Chu, can still survive the state that has been destroyed and the whole country that has lost."

Sima Zhen: "the military law is correct, but the reality is extraordinary.". It is not necessary to break the shaft, but it is necessary to reverse the idle. A bird or a bird has five oxen. The soldiers, the Knights and the robbers are all restored to the city. The throne of King Xiang was granted Anping. "

Zhang Sui: "in the past, Tian Dan used to prepare for the victory of a country that would soon die. He served Yan's army on a safe night and ran his tail on a powerful ox. Will use sudden riding strong soldiers, falsely with dragon text tiger young tiger. In the night of Ji's encirclement, he was defeated again and again

Wang Anshi: "Min Wang Wan Cheng Qi, go to the dead zone Yan. Tiandan a Jimo, sweep the enemy like the wind spin. The dancing bird is unpredictable, and the bull is furious. Gone with the wind, Leyi passed on his fame. The theory of digging and burying and falling is the first to be ashamed of Confucianism. If you are sincere, you will be able to work hard. Isn't Wang a virtuous man

According to the biography of the hundred generals in the seventeen histories, Sun Tzu said, "you can fool the eyes and ears of the soldiers." Only by the divine religion. He also said, "he who kills the enemy is angry." Shan Lingyan's army came down. He also said: "the beginning is like a virgin, the enemy opens an account; the end is like a rabbit, the enemy can't refuse." Shan Bei's words are about to surrender, and the surprise soldiers rush to attack. "

Hong Mai: "Yan Leyi conquered Qi and went down to more than 70 cities. Only two cities, Ju and Jimo, survived. Relying on the power of Tian Dan, Qi was restored to Qi, and there was no loss for the people of size."

Xu Jun: "it's also magnificent to run the bull in the drum. One city can pull all the cities back. But who knows, Jimo was once cultivated in the Ming Dynasty

Chen Yuanliang: "the generals of all countries, the bandits are uncertain. If a nation's life is not lost, a man should. The defeated soldiers are still fighting, and the bandits are amazing. When the army is in full swing, it's only when the general is in full swing. Jiao Anping, Zhutian Zongying. With the collapse of Qi, the master of Yan is in full swing. Pass iron duck, burn cattle chisel city. Fixed that Wang Zhu, Zodiac scale. It's the name of Sun Yu Ying. Seventy years after the restoration of the city, the name of the city will be given down through the ages. "

Huang Daozhou: "Qi general Tian Dan, Tian Shu belongs to. Hidden in the city, who knows its savings. Yanbing broke, the car broke the axle first. The shaft is made of iron cage, which makes people laugh suddenly. And change for the door, laugh at the beginning of service. Jimo save Qi, push a single hub. Shan Zhi Xin Wang, Yu Yi is not at peace. Qiao Zong said that he would finish the game by riding. If you want to reduce it, you will find your own way. Sudden arson cattle, such as dragon startle eyes. More than 70 cities, once they are restored, will welcome the king of Xiang. I wish you success. "

Posterity status

In the third year of Jianzhong (782) of the Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing proposed to Tang Dezong that 64 ancient famous generals should be granted titles, and temples should be set up for them, including "An Ping Jun Tian Dan". At the same time, only Sun Bin, Zhao she, Lian Po, Li Mu and Wang Jian were included in the list.

In 1123, the Song Dynasty set up temples for the famous generals according to the practice of the Tang Dynasty. Among the 72 famous generals, Tian Dan was also included.

Anecdotes and allusions

Jie Qiu saves people

One evening in the severe winter of this year, Tian Dan finished his political affairs in the court, took a car and wanted to go back to Anping City. At this time, the sky is full of snow, whistling northwest wind blowing on people, knife cutting sword wear general, branches swaying, issued a sharp call, a few jackdaws in mid air shaking wings, issued bursts of whine, cold weather evil. Tian Dan's car

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