critic

critic

Yu Pingbo (January 8, 1900 - October 15, 1990), formerly known as Yu Mingheng, was named Pingbo. A native of Nandai village in the eastern suburb of Deqing, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Essayist, red scholar, poet in the early period of new literature movement, one of the pioneers of Chinese vernacular poetry. The great grandson of Yu Yue, a master of Puxue in Qing Dynasty. Together with Hu Shi, he is the founder of the "new red school".

Yu Pingbo graduated from Peking University in 1919, and then taught in Yanjing University, Peking University and Tsinghua University. He once participated in the Chinese Revolutionary Democratic League, the new trend society, the literature research society, the Yu Si society, and founded the monthly magazine of poetry with Zhu Ziqing and others. In response to the May 4th New Culture Movement, Yu Pingbo studied Chinese classical literature and taught in famous universities. Yu Pingbo is one of the pioneers of "new Redology", a passionate patriot and intellectual with noble sentiment. He participated in the new trend society, literature research society, Yu Si society and other literary groups of Peking University, and advocated "the popularization of poetry".

Yu Pingbo's main works are "a dream of Red Mansions" (a study of a dream of Red Mansions), "winter night", "a question in the library of ancient locust tree", "a dream encounter of ancient locust tree", "a chance reading of Ci", "an interpretation of Qing Ci", "Xihuan", "Yi", "Xuechao", "yanzhicao", "zabaoer", "zabaoer 2", "a dream encounter of ancient locust tree", "Yanjiao collection", "selected interpretation of Tang and Song Ci" and "complete works of Yu Pingbo".

Life of the characters

Early experience

On January 8, 1900, Yu Pingbo was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. His father, Yu Biyun, was also quite accomplished in the study of poetry. Yu Pingbo had been influenced by ancient culture since he was a child, and laid a solid foundation of old learning. When Yu Pingbo was three years old, his great grandfather Yu Yue wrote a pair of couplets for him: cultivating jade in front of the steps and exploring flowers in the sky.

In 1915, Yu Pingbo entered Suzhou Pingjiang middle school. Half a year later, he was admitted to the preparatory course of Literature Department of National Peking University. At that time, the new culture movement was booming. Young Yu Pingbo was also baptized by the May 4th New Culture Movement.

In 1917, Yu Pingbo and Hangzhou girl Xu Baoxun formed a friendship between Qin and Jin.

In May 1918, Yu Pingbo's first new poem "spring water" and Lu Xun's novel "Diary of a madman" were published together in "New Youth", becoming one of the pioneers of Chinese vernacular poetry. In the same year, Yu Pingbo, his classmates Fu Sinian, Luo Jialun and others initiated the establishment of the new trend society. After that, he published a series of poems such as "winter night". In December 1919, Yu Pingbo graduated from Peking University.

On Redology

In 1921, Yu Pingbo began to study a dream of Red Mansions. In January 1922, he and Zhu Ziqing, Zheng Zhenduo and Ye Shengtao founded the earliest poetry monthly since the May 4th movement. At the same time, he also studied classical literature, ranging from the book of songs and the songs of Chu to the poetry of the Qing Dynasty. He also taught Qing Ci, opera, novels and selected Chinese poetry works in Tsinghua University and Peking University, and his poetry and prose works were very rich.

In 1923, Yu Pingbo published his first monograph on a dream of Red Mansions, which established his academic status in Redology. Only the first 80 chapters of the original book a dream of red mansions were written by Cao Xueqin, and the last 40 chapters were written by Gao E. Together with Hu Shi, he became the founder of the new Redology.

In the winter of 1924, Yu Pingbo met Kunqu artist Chen Yanfu. Chen Yanfu was proficient in Kunqu Opera for more than 300% and could play flute. Therefore, Yu Pingbo invited him to make music in laojuntang twice a week, so that Yu Pingbo had more opportunities to learn Kunqu Opera. In 1925, Yu Pingbo taught at Yanjing University. In 1928, he began to teach at Tsinghua University.

In October 1930, Yu Pingbo moved to No.7, South courtyard of Qinghua garden and named his study Qiuli Pavilion. Qiuli Pavilion became a place for Qinghua Kunqu Opera lovers.

In 1931, after the outbreak of the September 18th Incident, Yu Pingbo devoted himself to the Anti Japanese and national salvation movement with patriotic passion. He wrote articles such as "saving the country and the conditions for it to become a problem" and "difficulties and entertainment". He also called on young people to believe that their own strength can save China.

In the first half of 1933, Yu Pingbo invited flutist he Jinhai to play flute at qiuliting, where he met with Kunqu Opera lovers both inside and outside the school to sing. Xu Baoxun can sing the whole play. Yu Pingbo's singing voice is not bright, but his skill of making music is becoming more and more sophisticated.

At the beginning of 1934, Yu Pingbo invited Chen Yanfu to go north for a second time. Yu Pingbo took the lead and Chen Yanfu made music. Many Kunqu Opera lovers gathered in Qinghua garden, and the "Qiuli Pavilion" was full of elegant music. One midsummer night that year, they held their first public collection at shuixuan, the I-shaped Hall of Shuimu Tsinghua University. In the first month of the next year, they gathered there again, and Yu Pingbo sang the songs in "the story of purple hairpin", "single sword meeting" and "the story of jade hairpin". This time, although no formal association has been formed, they have determined the name of "Guyin society", hoping that Kunqu Opera "can be heard in an empty valley, and its sound will never stop".

On March 17, 1935, the establishment meeting of Guyin society was officially held at Yu Pingbo's residence in Tsinghua garden. Yu Pingbo was promoted to be the president of Guyin society. Yu Pingbo wrote the Guyin society contract and the rules for the same period. In the introduction of the club, Yu Pingbo describes the achievements of songs, poetry and music in cultivating people's temperament and integrity, as well as the history of the development of Kunqu Opera, and makes it clear that the purpose of the establishment of Guyin club is to "chant customs, write temperament", "express pride in the palace, and flourish in the orchestra", and also to undertake the responsibility of saving Kunqu Opera.

In 1947, Yu Pingbo joined the Jiusan Society. He participated in the publication of "the Declaration on the protection of human rights by Professor 13" to protest against the night raids by the constitutional police in Peking.

Be criticized

In January 1949, Yu Pingbo, together with 30 professors from Peking University, Beijing Normal University and other universities, expressed his written opinions on comprehensive peace and unanimously supported the Communist Party of China. In 1952, Yu Pingbo, at the request of Wen Huaisha, revised the book "a dream of Red Mansions" to "a study of a dream of Red Mansions" in Shanghai, which was published by Tangdi publishing house. At this time, Yu Pingbo had consciously used Marxist Leninist viewpoints and methods to study a dream of Red Mansions, but under the influence of inertia, he still took the road of textual research.

Since 1954, he has successively published "comments on a dream of Red Mansions in Zhiyanzhai", "eighty chapters of a dream of Red Mansions" and "essays on reading a dream of Red Mansions". In March, Yu Pingbo published a brief introduction to a dream of Red Mansions in the third issue of new construction, stating his views. Li Xifan and Lan Ling read Yu Pingbo's a brief introduction to a dream of Red Mansions, but they didn't agree. They began to write a handwritten article about a dream of Red Mansions and others, challenging Yu Pingbo, the authority of the "new dream of Red Mansions". In September of the same year, Yu Pingbo suffered from non academic political criticism and long-term unfair treatment. However, he still did not give up his research on a dream of Red Mansions and published a review of a dream of Red Mansions in Zhiyanzhai. On November 5 of the same year, the people's Daily published an article entitled "eliminating the legacy of Hu Shi's reactionary philosophy and commenting on Yu Pingbo's wrong views and methods of studying a dream of Red Mansions", which criticized Yu Pingbo wrongly.

Yu Pingbo's Literary Research Institute held six critical meetings from November 25 to December 27, 1954. The presidium of the China Federation of literary and art circles and the China Writers' Association held eight critical meetings from October 31 to February 8 of the next year. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese writers' Association also held a joint meeting and organized a special critical group. According to statistics, during the period from October 24 to the end of 1954, more than 110 symposiums and critical meetings at various levels were organized, and more than 500 critical articles were published. During this period, Yu Pingbo was very busy. His task is to criticize wherever there is.

On March 15, 1955, Yu Pingbo's review was published in the fifth issue of the semimonthly of Wen Yi Bao: "draw a clear line between the resolute and reactionary Hu Shi's Thoughts -- a preliminary review on the study of personal dream of Red Mansions". From this fierce criticism, Yu Pingbo was released.

After the storm

After the great criticism, Yu Pingbo became more and more interested in Kunqu Opera. In 1956, Yu Pingbo was promoted to the first level researcher of the Institute of literature. In August of the same year, with the help of Ding Xilin, Vice Minister of culture at that time, and Wang Kunlun, vice mayor of Beijing, Yu Pingbo launched a Kunqu Association for the second time, namely Beijing Kunqu study society. The inaugural meeting of Beijing Kunqu study society was held in laojuntang, Yu Pingbo's home. He personally drafted the articles of association and the Convention for the same period. The most influential part of Qu she is the adaptation and rehearsal of Peony Pavilion. Yu Pingbo and his disciples carefully collated and revised this famous work to get rid of its lengthy structure and restore its stage life in the form of the whole play.

On October 2, 1958, a trial performance of "Peony Pavilion" was performed in Beijing to commemorate the 340th anniversary of Tang Xianzu's death. Premier Zhou Enlai personally watched the performance. At the same time, Yu Pingbo published the 80 chapters of a dream of Red Mansions.

During the ten years of turmoil, although Yu Pingbo was also subjected to unfair treatment such as house raiding and going to the countryside for reconstruction, it is fortunate that Yu Pingbo and his wife Xu Baoxun lived together in adversity. In November 1969, two elderly people in their 70s were forced to work in a cadre school in Henan Province and formed a deep friendship with local farmers.

In his later years

January 1971, as

Chinese PinYin : Yu Ping Bo