Neruda

Pablo Neruda

Pablo Neruda (July 12, 1904 - September 23, 1973), is a famous contemporary Chilean poet.

He began to publish his poems at the age of 13. In 1923, he published his first collection of poems twilight. In 1924, he published his famous work twenty love poems and a song of despair, which has been on the Chilean poetry scene ever since. His poetry not only inherited the tradition of Spanish National Poetry, but also accepted the influence of French modernist poetry such as Baudelaire, absorbed the characteristics of Chilean National Poetry, and found his favorite form from Walt Whitman's creation. There are two themes in Neruda's life, one is politics, the other is love. His early collection of love poems, twenty love poems and a song of despair, is regarded as one of his most famous works.

Neruda is very interested in China and Chinese culture. He has been to China three times in his life. When he took office as a diplomat in Myanmar in 1928, he set out to China to present the Lenin international peace prize to Soong Ching Ling. During this trip, he also met Mao Dun, Ding Ling, Ai Qing and other literary celebrities and had friendly exchanges. During his visit to China, he learned that the word "Nie" in his Chinese translation is composed of three ears (traditional "Nie"), so he said: "I have three ears. The third ear is specially used to listen to the sound of the sea."

Character experience

Early years

Chilean poet. His original name was neftali Ricardo Reyes basoalto（

RicardoEliécerNeftalíReyesBasoalto

）。 Born in central Chile, palar City, died in the black island (Santiago). He lost his mother in his early years and moved to Temuco town in southern Chile in 1906. My father is a road driver. I started writing when I was in high school in temucco. In July 1917, he published an article entitled "passion and perseverance" in temucco's morning post, signed by nevtali Reyes. It was the first time that the poet published his work. Since then, he has been using different pseudonyms to publish his works in student journals in the capital and hometown. Since 1920, the pseudonym of Pablo Neruda has been officially used. In March 1921, he went to San Diego Institute of education to study French. Soon, the poem "Festival song" won the first prize in the literature competition held by the Chilean students' Union.

Middle age

Since 1927, he has served as consul general or Consul General of Chile in Colombo (1928), Jakarta (1930), Singapore (1931), Buenos Aires (1933), Barcelona (1934) and Madrid (1935-1936). During his stay in Madrid, he hosted the green horse poetry magazine. The main poem of this period is dwelling on the earth. The first volume, published in 1933, reflects "the loneliness of an outsider transplanted to a wild and strange land". The second volume was published in 1935, and its color is more vivid than before. In June 1936, the Spanish Civil War broke out. He stood firmly on the side of the Spanish people and took part in the fight to defend the Republic. In 1937, he published the poem Spain in the heart. Then he ran between Paris and Latin America and called on the people of all countries to support the Spanish people in their anti fascist struggle. In March 1939, he was appointed consul in Paris to deal with Spanish immigration affairs, sparing no effort to save the soldiers of the Republic in the concentration camp and bringing thousands of Spaniards to Latin America. The baptism of the anti fascist war changed Neruda's poetic style. He became Consul General in Mexico City in August 1940. He visited the United States, Guatemala, Panama, Colombia, Peru and other countries, and wrote many famous poems. During this period, the Second World War was in full swing, and the Soviet people were fighting with Hitler fascist. Neruda made speeches everywhere, calling on people to help the people of the Soviet Union in the patriotic war. "Love song for Stalingrad" and "new love song for Stalingrad" are the works of this period. In November 1943, Neruda returned to San Diego. Soon after, he bought a villa in Heidao and began to write his most important poem, mange.

1945 was an unforgettable year in Neruda's life: he was elected to Congress. In 1946, the Communist Party of Chile was declared an illegal organization, and a large number of Communists were put into prison. Neruda had to stop the creation of mange. His house was set on fire, and he himself was wanted by the reactionary government, so he was forced to go underground and work among the people. During this period, he completed the creation of two long poems, the story of 1948 and the song of man.

In February 1949, he left Chile, went to the Soviet Union via Argentina, and attended the world peace conference in Paris. Since then, he has been to many countries in Europe, Asia and the United States, actively participated in the peace movement, and continued to engage in poetry creation. He lived in Italy temporarily from 1951 to 1952, during which he visited China. In August 1952, the Chilean government revoked his wanted warrant, and the people welcomed his return with grand rallies and processions. After returning to China, he lived a relatively stable life for several years and completed the ode to elements (1954), the new Ode to elements (1956) and the third episode of ODE (1957). In 1957, he was elected president of the Chilean Writers Association.

In his later years

When the fight against the weidera forces won in Chile and the order to arrest the leftists was revoked, Neruda returned to Chile after a long separation. In 1953, Neruda won the Stalin international peace prize. In 1957, he was arrested during a visit to Buenos Aires. Neruda reflected on his Marxist ideal in his 1958 anthology estravagario. After that, Neruda began to travel, and he went to Cuba and the United States. After the victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959, Neruda wrote a collection of poems "Ode to the cause of heroes", which warmly eulogized the revolution and social change led by Fidel Castro. In 1969, the Communist Party of Chile nominated him as Chile's presidential candidate, and later withdrew from the election for the sake of Chile's left-wing unity, and supported the Chilean Socialist Party's presidential candidate, El Salvador Allende. After Allende was elected president in 1970, Neruda was appointed ambassador of Chile to France. On September 11, shortly before his death, a Pinochet coup supported by the Nixon administration took place in Chile. Allende died in the coup, and Neruda's two homes in Chile were looted.

The cloud of death

Neruda had planned to flee after the coup and publicly opposed the Pinochet regime after his exile, but he was sent to a clinic in San Diego the day before he planned to flee, where he died at the age of 69. The official cause of his death was prostate cancer, but in the days of Pinochet's dictatorship, there were all kinds of doubts about the official version.

In 1990, Pinochet's dictatorship came to an end, and the poet's remains were moved to the black island and re buried. Doubts about the cause of Neruda's death began to surface. The death of the poet is very strange. The medical records in the hours after he was admitted to the hospital are missing. People are talking about whether the military government is involved in it.

The official investigation into the cause of Neruda's death was launched in 2011 after a number of witnesses, including his longtime driver, challenged the claim that Neruda died naturally.

In 2011, Manuel Araya, the driver of Neruda, revealed in an interview with a Mexican magazine that Neruda did not die naturally. Someone was ordered by the authorities to inject a lethal poison into Neruda's stomach, which killed the poet.

Supporters of Manuel Alaya's view point out that on September 22, 1973, the day before Neruda's death, he actually had a way to escape safely from Chile to Mexico. Once Neruda arrives in Mexico, it means that he will make remarks against Pinochet there, which will pose a serious political threat to Pinochet's government. But the poet did not leave as scheduled, and was later pulled to San Diego by an ambulance.

Skeptics also point out that in 1982, another political opponent of the military government, former president Eduardo Frey montalva, died in the same hospital as Neruda after he declared his opposition to military dictatorship. The cause of death was septic shock after routine surgery. But in 2006, people reexamined his bones and found that he was killed because of mustard gas and thallium poisoning. Former Chilean President Eduardo Frey is believed to have been poisoned by six people in the same hospital, including several Pinochet agents who were arrested in December 2009 in connection with Frey's death on January 22, 1982. In December 2010, forensic medicine also exhumed the remains of former Interior Minister Jose toa for an investigation into the cause of death. Nearly 40 years ago, the official conclusion was that toa hanged himself in a hospital ward closet in 1974, but in October 2012, the judge announced that he had been strangled.

In 2015, Spanish media reported that Neruda might have died of a drug injection. In June of that year, the Spanish forensic team said that in a new round of identification, a strange bacterium was found in the poet's remains. After that, the Chilean government published an interior ministry document on Neruda: "the poet was injected with a painkiller that made his heart stop, which may lead to his death." The document also points out that the drug is administered through the abdomen rather than the usual intravenous injection. The composition of the drug and the injection doctor were "unknown". More suspiciously, Neruda was in Saint Louis

Chinese PinYin : Nie Lu Da