Cheng Qian
Cheng Qian
Cheng Qian (1882.3.31-1968.4.5), the Han nationality, was born in 1882 in Guanzhuang, Liling, Hunan Province. He was a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, a member of the alliance, a member of the democratic revolution, graduated from the sixth phase of the Japanese army sergeant school, and was a first-class general of the National Revolutionary Army.
During the period of the Kuomintang, he successively served as the deputy commander of the army of Guangdong Grand Marshal ' Vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, vice chairman of the National Defense Commission and vice chairman of the Central Committee of the democratic revolution.
He died in Beijing on April 5, 1968.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Changlianchong village, North Township, Liling County, Hunan Province. He was born on March 31, 1882 (February 23, the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty) in a farming family. His grandfather was Cheng Lanlin, and his grandmother was Wang; his father was Cheng ruofeng, and his mother was Zhong. Zhong had five children, three of whom were Yiqing (Jilu), Yisi (zhaoru) and Qian (Yueru), two of whom were Dezhen and Xizhen, and Cheng Qian was the youngest. Cheng Qian
He entered a private school at the age of nine and became a scholar at the age of sixteen.
At the age of 18 (1900), he entered Yuelu Academy in Changsha and began to understand the current situation at home and abroad. After that, he decided to give up the way of imperial examination and give up writing and practicing martial arts.
In 1903, he was admitted to Hunan Wubei school with the first place.
In 1904, he passed the examination and was recommended to study in Japan. He met Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Li Liejun and others in Japan. He began to incline to revolution and formed a revolutionary comradeship Association.
In 1905, Cheng Qian joined the newly established alliance. Interview with Dr. Sun Yat Sen becomes his follower. At the same time, Cheng Qian joined the husband group, which was mainly composed of military students.
In 1907, he entered the sixth artillery section of Japanese army sergeant school.
After graduating at the end of 1908, he returned to Sichuan to train the new army. In 1910, he was the staff officer of the 17th town.
In 1910, he was the staff officer of the 17th town of the new army.
Revolution against yuan
After the outbreak of 1911 Revolution, Cheng Qian went to Wuchang to help Huang Xing command artillery to counter attack Hankou.
After the founding of the Republic of China in 1912, he served as director of Hunan Military Department.
In 1913, during the second revolution, he organized to denounce yuan, but soon failed. Hunan cancelled its independence, and Cheng Qian fled to Japan and entered Waseda University. During this period, Sun Yat Sen reorganized the Kuomintang as the Chinese revolutionary party, and Cheng Qian opposed the method of joining the party but did not join it.
On March 13, 1913, chang'ansheng veterans besieged the governor's office. Zhang Xiaozhun, director of Hunan Military Department, resigned and took over the post of director of Hunan Military Department on March 15.
In 1915, after Yuan Shikai established the monarchy of Hongxian, Cheng Qian went to Yunnan to join the war of protecting the country. He was ordered by Cai E to be a pacifier of Hunan. He called his old army against yuan in Hunan, and was promoted as the commander in chief of Hunan army to protect the country and expel Hunan governor Tang Xiangming.
On February 11, 1915, Li Gengen, Lin Hu, Cheng Qian, Xiong Kewu, Zhang Xiaozhun and others issued a telegram to oppose the "21 articles".
On November 5, 1915, he went to Shanghai to persuade Yang Yupeng and Liao Xiangyun to return to Baoqing in Western Hunan to organize anti yuan forces.
On February 1, 1916, Tang Jiyao appointed Cheng Qian as the Hunan appeasement envoy of the national defense army. On March 7, he led a battalion of troops to return to Hunan. On February 23, he went to Guiyang to see Liu Xianshi. On March 27, he left Guiyang for Zhenyuan. On March 7, he arrived at Zhenyuan.
On March 23, 1916, Cheng Qian set out from Xinhuang county to Jing County, and arrived in Jing County on March 25 through Tianzhu County. He established the regime of protecting the nation, convened the old army to instigate anti yuan Qutang, and soon formed the third brigade.
As of April 10, 1916, except for Changde, Taoyuan, Yuanling, Chenxi, Guzhang and Mayang, all the other 21 counties in Western Hunan had declared independence and anti imperialist and anti yuan.
Enter the center
In 1917, Dr. Sun Yat Sen launched the movement to protect the law. Cheng Qian contacted the support of the old army and was appointed as the commander of Hunan's protecting the law army. He was defeated in southern Hunan and attacked the northern government forces in Guangdong, and once attacked Changsha. Later, because of the dispute with Tan Yankai, he was forced to leave.
In 1920, Sun Yat Sen defended the law for the second time in Guangzhou, and Cheng was appointed as the second army commander. During the second time of protecting the law, the Northern Expedition supported Sun Yat sen in the conflict with Chen Jiongming. Sun Yat Sen was able to return to Guangzhou in 1923 to protect the law for the third time, and also helped Cheng Qian pacify Guangzhou. Cheng also established a military academy in Guangzhou, where he served as the president to cultivate military talents.
On March 2, 1923, he served as the military and political Minister of the headquarters of Sun Yat Sen's Grand Marshal mansion.
On August 23, 1923, he served as a military judge in the headquarters of Sun Yat Sen's Grand Marshal mansion.
On January 20, 1924, the first Congress of the Kuomintang was solemnly opened in the auditorium of Guangzhou National Normal University. Cheng Qian, as a representative of Hunan, attended the meeting
In April 1924, Sun Yat Sen appointed Cheng Qianjian, Minister of military and political affairs, as well as president. On January 12, 1925, he led his division commander to drive directly into MABA, Shaoguan.
On January 6, 1926, the KMT political committee decided to appoint Cheng Qian as commander of the Sixth Army.
On January 16, 1926, he was elected as the executive member of the second Central Committee of the Kuomintang and continued to implement the "three major policies" determined by Dr. Sun Yat Sen.
In 1926, he resolutely changed the original strategic plan of cutting off Nanxun road and ordered the 19th division of the Sixth Army to turn to Shengmi street and advance at the same time, attacking Nanchang secretly.
On January 1, 1927, he took part in the military aftercare meeting in Nanchang and became the commander in chief of Jiujiang garrison after he Yaozu.
On January 25, 1927, Chiang Kai Shek took Cheng Qian as the commander-in-chief of the Jiangyou army of the Middle Route Army, led the second and sixth armies and the second independent division from northern Jiangxi to Nanjing, and arrived in Qiupu on February 8.
In 1927, Cheng Qian was suddenly detained by Li Zongren. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) said that "Cheng Qian was violent and rebellious. After the western expedition, he was even more domineering and controlled the Hunan government. Today, the special meeting decided to temporarily monitor Cheng Qian and ask him to be removed from his post immediately". He was detained in Hankou. On the 23rd, the political meeting of the CPC Central Committee decided to remove Cheng Qian from his post and "wait for investigation". The Sixth Army had no leaders and internal contradictions, The troops split rapidly.
On June 23, 1927, the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang passed a decision that Cheng Qian should first stop the functions and powers of the executive member of the Central Committee. On August 8, 1927, the Fifth Plenary Session of the second Central Committee of the Kuomintang was held in Nanjing to recognize the decision of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee on Cheng Qian.
On November 24, Cheng Qian was released and went to Shanghai from Hankou. On November 28, the political conference of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang ordered that the surveillance of Cheng Qian be lifted and that he be free from investigation. On November 30, Cheng Qian and his wife went out of the Wuhan political branch and took a car back to ziyangli to live in private. On December 4, 1927, the government ordered "Cheng Qian to be free from investigation", but his freedom of action was still under control. Since then, he lived in Shanghai and often used poetry to vent his anger and kill time.
In March 1929, Chiang and Li turned against each other, and the GUI clan was isolated and helpless. He was driven back to Guangxi by Chiang Kai Shek. Cheng Qian still attached great importance to the overall situation, starting from the survival of the nation, repaying good for bad, and went to the middle of the war to advocate a peaceful solution to GUI.
On December 28, 1931, Cheng Qian was invited by Lin Sen, chairman of the national government, to be a member of the national government and an executive member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang.
He was elected as an alternate executive member of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang on November 22, 1935, and a member of the Central Political Committee on December 2, 1935. On December 18, he served as the chief of staff of the Military Commission and entered the military administration again.
On January 11, 1936, he served as the general of the army, the second rank of Syria.
The first class Baoding medal was awarded on November 12, 1936.
On December 12, Chiang Kai Shek was detained in Xi'an. The Standing Committee of the Central Committee and the political conference decided to add Cheng Qian and other six members to the Standing Committee of the Military Commission,
Counter-Japanese War
After the September 18th Incident, various departments of the Kuomintang sought reconciliation, and Cheng qianfang was elected as a member of the government and an executive member of the Central Committee.
In 1935, he was promoted to the second rank General of the army and served as chief of the general staff.
After the July 7th incident, he commanded the Anti Japanese war in pinghan road. Since 1938, he has been the commander of the first war zone and the president of Henan Province. He once commanded the battle of Lanfeng. In June, the Yellow River dyke at Huayuankou in Kaifeng was blown up. At the end of the same year, he was transferred to Tianshui camp director and stationed in Xi'an.
In 1940, he was transferred to the deputy general staff of the Military Commission until the victory of the Anti Japanese war.
After the war, Cheng Qian served as the camp director in Wuhan and took charge of the military and political affairs in Central China.
The election failed
In March 1948, he took part in the vice presidential election and finally gave up. He got the vote and voted for Li Zongren instead, which made Sun Ke, who was supported by Chiang Kai Shek, not elected. After that, the camp in Wuhan was cancelled, and Bai Chongxi, a member of the GUI family, took the post of commander in chief of central China suppression. Cheng was changed to director of Hunan appeasement office and chairman of Hunan Province, but he still concentrated military and political power in Hunan.
Peaceful uprising
In January 1949, Chiang Kai Shek stepped down from power under pressure, and the Gui Clique came to power, with Li Zongren acting as president. In April of the same year, the Republican talks failed, the PLA crossed the Yangtze River, and Hubei fell. On July 22, Cheng Qian and Chen Mingren sent representatives to hold peace talks with the Communist Party of China. On August 3, Changsha citizens organized the preparatory meeting for the liberation of Changsha from all walks of life, and held the first meeting. There were representatives from all walks of life of 53 units and many democratic parties at the meeting. That night, the KMT Hunan party, government and military personnel gathered and decided to accept the eight articles of the domestic peace agreement proposed by the CPC Central Committee and Mao Zedong. On the 4th, Cheng Qian and Chen Mingren led all the officers and soldiers of Hunan security forces and the first corps of the Kuomintang to hold an uprising in Changsha. On the 5th, central Hunan was peacefully liberated. The leaders of the Communist Party of China entrusted Cheng Qian and Chen Mingren with important tasks.
In January 1949, Cheng Qian sent people to secretly contact with the Communist Party of China. He believed that the eight conditions for peace negotiations proposed by the Communist Party of China were acceptable except for the "war criminals". After that, he ordered to stop conscription, reduce the grain collection, and release political prisoners in batches
Chinese PinYin : Cheng Qian
Cheng Qian
