Zhou Kun

Zhou Kun

Zhou Kun, formerly known as Zhou Xukun, was born in Pingjiang County, Hunan Province.

In 1927, he joined the Autumn Harvest Uprising along the border of Hunan and Jiangxi with Mao Zedong, joined the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants, and participated in the struggle to establish the Jinggangshan revolutionary base and the central revolutionary base. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, he served as the commander of the 34th division of the 12th army of the 1st Red Army, the 11th division of the 4th Red Army, the 4th Red Army, the 10th and 3rd Division of the 1st Red Army, the 21st division of the 1st Red Army, the acting president of the University of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, and the head of the 8th Red Army. He took part in the long march in 1934. Later, he served as chief of staff of the first front army of the Red Army and President of the Red Army School of Chinese workers and peasants. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he served as chief of staff of the 115th division of the Eighth Route Army. In March 1938, he disappeared in Shanxi with money and his whereabouts are unknown.

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Revolutionary experience

Zhou Kun, major general, chief of staff of the 115th division of the 18th group army (Eighth Route Army) of the national revolutionary army.

In October 1902, Zhou Kun was born in Pingjiang County, Hunan Province. He received a good private school education from his adoptive father's family since childhood.

After April 1927, Chiang Kai Shek and Wang Jingwei rebelled against the revolution one after another. The Communist Party of China held the August 7th meeting, which determined the general policy of arming against the Kuomintang reactionaries and carrying out the agrarian revolution. Mao Zedong was sent to Hunan to reorganize the CPC Hunan Provincial Committee and lead the autumn Harvest Uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi. Zhou Kun took part in the Autumn Harvest Uprising and was organized into the Third Battalion of the third regiment.

On September 9, Lu Deming, commander in chief, and Yu Sadu, commander of the 1st division, led Xiushui 1st regiment to take an oath to revolt. On September 10, they arrived at Xiushui Pingjiang border. On the same day, Zhou Kun, the monitor of the third regiment, was placed on guard in the outskirts of Tonggu, where he was stationed to strengthen the guard. A young man named Mao wanted to find the regiment leader, but on the way to Tonggu, he was chased by the reactionary militia and lost his certificate. They didn't know anyone, so they had to escort him to the regiment headquarters. Someone in the regiment headquarters recognized that this was Mao Zedong, the central commissioner who came to command the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the former Secretary of the Hunan provincial Party committee. Su Xianjun, the head of the regiment, criticized Zhou Kun for his blindness, but Mao Zedong praised Zhou Kun for his high vigilance. This was the first meeting between Zhou Kun and Mao Zedong.

On September 11, the regiments of the 1st division divided their forces into three groups to attack Changsha as planned. When the 1st regiment of Beilu attacked Pingjiang, it was attacked by the 4th regiment of the same group. It lost a lot and turned to Liuyang. The second regiment of Nanlu took Anyuan first and then Liling. Later, when they took Liuyang County, they were paralyzed and suddenly attacked by the enemy, and the whole regiment broke up. Under the personal command of Mao Zedong, the third regiment of the middle road advanced from Tonggu to Liuyang, attacked Baisha first and then took the east gate. However, under the counterattack of the superior enemy, they were forced to withdraw. Zhou Kun was resourceful and brave in the attack on Baisha. He made great contributions to break through the enemy's defense line, which attracted Mao Zedong's attention.

On September 19, the Autumn Harvest Uprising team joined forces in Wenjia City, Liuyang. According to the strength balance between the enemy and ourselves at that time, Mao Zedong decided to give up attacking Changsha and sent his troops south for development. Some officers and soldiers of the former guard regiment had different intentions to march in the mountainous area of southern Hunan. At that time, there was a heated debate. The people of Pingjiang peasant self-defense army firmly supported Mao Zedong's idea of marching into the countryside to preserve their strength. Zhou Kun was very positive and took the initiative to do the ideological work of those who "only want to enter the city (Changsha), but not the mountains", which was praised by Mao Zedong. On the way to the March, Mao Zedong saw Zhou Kun's backpack bulging. After inquiry, he learned that there were several books in the backpack. He was very happy. He often came to borrow them and talked with Zhou Kun. Zhou Kun, who had studied in a normal university, was knowledgeable, knowledgeable, capable, and fearless of death. Naturally, he was loved by Mao Zedong, so he devoted himself to education and training.

On September 29, the rest of the uprising troops came to Sanwan village, Yongxin County. Mao Zedong reorganized the troops and reduced one division into one regiment, namely the 1st regiment of the 1st division of the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army, which has two battalions and seven companies under its jurisdiction, and several regiment teams with a total of more than 700 people. Party organizations at all levels have been set up, Party branches have been set up in companies, beating, scolding and corporal punishment have been abolished, a democratic system has been implemented, and soldiers' committees have been set up above companies. This is the famous Sanwan reorganization, which establishes the party's absolute leadership over the army and is the beginning of the construction of a new people's army. At that time, Zhou Kun Bian was reelected as platoon leader of the 8th battalion of the 3rd Battalion of the 1st regiment. He was a participant in this great historical moment. Because of his firm will in the team and his active performance in marching and fighting, he was approved to join the Communist Party of China and became the backbone of the company branch.

After that, Zhou Kun followed Mao Zedong into Jinggangshan and began to create the first rural revolutionary base. In late April 1928, the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops led by Mao Zedong, Nanchang Uprising troops led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, and the southern Hunan Agricultural army joined forces in ningganglong city. In May, it was called the Fourth Army of the workers' and peasants' Red Army. The Fourth Red Army is the first official Red Army in China. Its 28th regiment is composed of the rest of Nanchang Uprising forces, and its 31th regiment is composed of the rest of Autumn Harvest Uprising forces. These two regiments are the core of the Fourth Red Army and have the most combat effectiveness.

In the struggle to open up and consolidate the Jinggangshan revolutionary base in the next six months, Zhou Kun always followed Mao Zedong's steps, actively participated in the establishment of the Soviet government, broke the Kuomintang's invasion and suppression, and the base continued to expand. After the "August defeat" in 1928, the head of the 28th regiment, the main force of the 4th Red Army, was promoted from Lin Biao, commander of the 1st battalion to Zhou Kun, commander of the 7th company of the 3rd Battalion of the 31st regiment. In comparison, Lin Biao is the fourth phase of Huangpu. He has high military literacy and command level. He pays attention to strategy, has a calm mind, and does not fight uncertain battles. At that time, Zhou Kun was a mature and determined young man. Zhou Kun had a good impression and admiration of Lin Biao, who was five years younger than himself, in the coordinated operations of the 28th and 31st regiments.

At the beginning of 1929, the main force of the Fourth Red Army marched into southern Jiangxi and won the battle of Ruijin Dabaidi. Soon after, he sent his troops to Fujian to annihilate the enemy Guo Fengming brigade and capture Changting city. The Red Army's prestige is far away, its morale is high, and its ranks are constantly growing. In the middle of March, the Fourth Red Army reorganized in Tingzhou and formed three columns. The column was equivalent to regiment, with detachment (equivalent to battalion) and brigade (equivalent to company). Zhou Kun's red 31 regiment was changed into the third column, and he successively served as the deputy leader of the sixth detachment (the former 3rd Battalion) and the leader of the fifth detachment (the former 1st Battalion). In September of the same year, the Fourth Red Army reorganized again in Shanghang, West Fujian. The original fifth and sixth detachment of the third vertical was changed to the seventh and ninth, and the eighth was added. Zhou Kun is the leader of the seventh detachment, and the party representatives are Ouyang Jian and Zhu Liangcai.

In the summer of 1930, the Fourth Army of the Red Army was expanded into the first army of the Red Army, with more than 20000 people under its jurisdiction. The 7th detachment of the 3rd column of the 4th Red Army was expanded to the 1st column of the 12th Red Army, with Zhou Kun as its leader. In October of the same year, the 1st Red Army decided to change the names of column, detachment, brigade and squadron to division, regiment, company and platoon respectively. The 1st column of the 12th Red Army was changed to the 34th division of the 12th Red Army. Zhou Kun served as division commander and began to take the position of senior commander of the Red Army. This is Zhou Kun's first position as a division commander. He would not expect that he would be appointed as a division commander of five divisions after that. During the whole period of the agrarian revolution, Zhou Kun was probably the only one who had served as six Red Army division commanders. Since then, under the direct leadership and command of Zhu De and Mao Zedong, Zhou Kun led his troops to take part in the first, second and third anti "encirclement and suppression" operations, resolutely carried out the policy of luring the enemy in-depth and concentrating forces to break down one by one, and cooperated with his brother troops to win successive battles. Zhou Kun's military command operations were fully affirmed by Zhu De, Mao Zedong and other top leaders. Since then, southwest Jiangxi and West Fujian have been linked to form a central revolutionary base.

In October 1931, Zhou Kun led the red 34 division to return to the organizational system of the Fourth Red Army and changed it into the new red 12 division. Geng Kai was appointed as the division commander, and he himself was transferred to the division commander of the tenth Red Army. This was the first time that Zhou Kun became the direct subordinate of Lin Biao (then the commander of the Fourth Red Army). Among the other four divisions of the Red Army, the 11 division commander is Wang Liang, and the 12 division teacher Geng Kai, who died at the end of the year, was appointed by the chief of staff of the 10 division, Chen Guang. The 13 division commander was the Huai Huai (which was transferred after six months). At that time, there was a saying circulating in the Central Soviet Area: "three guns under Lin Biao, Chen Guang, Zhou Kun and Wang Liang", that is to say, these three men were called "three heavy machine guns" in fighting against the enemy, which meant that they had strong firepower, strong fighting power and great effect. Wang Liang, born in Huangpu 5, is Lin Biao's younger brother. He has also participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising. He is brave in fighting and is good at using strange soldiers. Chen Guang came from the southern Hunan uprising. He rescued Lin Biao in the anti encirclement and suppression campaign. He had a strong temperament and strong command ability. But in terms of personal temperament and fighting style, Zhou Kun and Lin Biao are the most similar. It's just that history is changeable and merciless. The development of Lin Biao and his three favorite generals is full of ups and downs.

In March 1932, the 1st Red Army was reconstituted and Lin Biao was the head of the army. Wang Liang was promoted to commander of the 4th Red Army, and Zhou Kun was transferred to commander of the 11th Red Army division. In June of the same year, Wang Liang died at daheyu in Wuping, Fujian Province. Zhou Kun took over the post of commander of the Fourth Red Army and led his troops to take part in offensive campaigns such as Shuikou in Nanxiong and Yihuang in Le'an. In December 1932, according to the order of the first front army of the Red Army, the 1st army of the Red Army was reorganized in Lichuan. In order to facilitate the command, the 4th Army headquarters of the Red Army was cancelled, and the original three divisions were reduced to the 10th and 11th divisions under the direct command of the army. Zhou Kun was changed to the commander of the 10th division of the 1st army of the Red Army. The predecessor of the red 10th division was the red 28th regiment of Jinggangshan, which had participated in the Nanchang Uprising. It was the main force with the strongest fighting capacity of the Central Red Army. It was obvious that the superior attached great importance to and trusted such a heroic force to Zhou Kun twice. In the spring of 1933, Zhou Kun took the lead

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Kun