Liu Chunlin

Liu Chunlin

Liu Chunlin (1872-1944) was named runqin and Shiyun. He was born in Suning County, Hejian Prefecture, Zhili Province in the late Qing Dynasty. He was the number one scholar of jiachenke in 1904. He was also the last number one scholar in Chinese history. Liu Chunlin is good at calligraphy, especially in small regular script. The small regular script is beautiful and vigorous, which is highly praised by the world. At that time, it has the reputation of "big regular script learning from Yan Zhenqing and small regular script learning from Liu Chunlin". He has published a number of small regular script scripts, such as preface to Sanzang holy religion of the Tang Dynasty and preface to Lanting, and large script calligraphy. Liu Chunlin's name has been included in the dictionary of Chinese calligraphy published by Hong Kong Book Publishing House and Guangdong People's publishing house. Liu Chunlin suffered from heart disease. After being attacked by the Japanese puppets, his condition gradually worsened. After many treatments, he failed. He died in Beijing on January 18, 1944 (or 1942). His cemetery was in Baoding City, Hebei Province.

Profile

Liu Chunlin has great attainments in poetry, calligraphy and painting, especially in small regular script. His small regular script calligraphy has the reputation of "the method of regular script is the best in the world, and the later scholars are the masters". Up to now, there is still a saying that "big regular script learns from Yan (Zhenqing) and small regular script learns from Liu (Chunlin)" in the field of calligraphy.

After that, he was sent to Japan to study in Tokyo law and Politics University. In 1907, he returned to China and successively served as a member of the Advisory Council, a registered Fujian academic envoy, a transfer from Zhili law and politics school, and a supervisor of Beiyang normal school.

After the revolution of 1911, he once lived in seclusion at home, then served as the internal history of the great president Yuan Shikai's palace, engaged in some literary entertainment, and in December 1917, served as the director of the central agricultural experimental farm. During Xu Shichang and Cao Kun's presidency, he was awarded Deputy Secretary of the presidential palace and acting secretary general. Later, he served as director of Zhili provincial education department and director of Zhili autonomous preparatory office. On behalf of Xu Shichang twice, he presided over the ceremony of Confucius Dacheng festival in Qufu, Shandong Province.

In 1928, he resigned angrily and masturbated with poems in Shanghai and Beijing. Among the "qunyushan house", there are more than 10000 books, most of which are engraved in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The books are printed with "Liu Chunlin seal", "Shi Yun Jiancang chapter", "Shi Yun collection", "run Qin Liu Chunlin" and so on. After the Japanese invasion of China, from the September 18th Incident in 1931 to the July 7th incident in 1937, the Japanese wooed him to take the posts of "Minister of education of Manchukuo" and "mayor of Beiping city". He was able to maintain his late days and insisted on resigning. To this end, the puppet authorities ransacked all the treasures of calligraphy and painting they had collected over the years. He died of a heart attack in 1944 at the age of 72.

Life experience

Liu Chunlin's family is poor, and he has been a farmer for generations. His father worked as an official in Jinan and Baoding. His mother also worked as a maid in the magistrate's house. Liu Chunlin was in Jinan with his parents when he was a child. Because of living difficulties, he was sent back to his hometown when he was 6 years old and was supported by his elder brother and sister-in-law. At the age of 8, he entered a private school. He is very talented and hardworking, and is very popular with his teachers. Later, his father took him to Baoding to study in Lianchi Academy. He studied for more than ten years in succession, and his academic progress was very fast, which was appreciated by the president Wu Rulun.

Guangxu 30 years (1904) in the number one scholar, granted the Imperial Academy to write. The next year, he was sent to Japan's law and Politics University to study. After returning to China, he served successively as a member of the senior Council, a registered Fujian academic envoy, a transfer of Zhili college, and a supervisor of Baoding Beiyang women's normal school.

From 1914 to 1924, he served as the Secretary-General of the presidential palace of Yuan Shikai, Li Yuanhong, Feng Guozhang, Xu Shichang and Cao Kun. He also served as the supervisor of the central agricultural experimental farm and Zhili University. In the 9th and 10th years of the Republic of China (1920 and 1921), he twice represented the president Xu Shichang to preside over the ceremony of Confucius Dacheng festival in Qufu, Shandong Province. During his tenure in the presidential palace and Zhili Province, Liu witnessed the situation of warlord scuffle, internal strife and political corruption at that time, and was very indignant. He compared his office in the presidential palace to "Zhiji Lang Guan". In 1928, he retired from Peking.

Although Liu Chunlin lived in seclusion, he was concerned about the future of his country. After the September 18th Incident, the Japanese army occupied three provinces in Northeast China. Chiang Kai Shek ordered the Northeast Army to retreat without fighting. Liu was extremely indignant. "Manchukuo" sent people to invite Liu Chunlin to go in the name of Puyi. Xu assumed the post of minister of education in Manchukuo, but Liu refused. When song Zheyuan was the governor of Hebei Province, he worshipped Liu Chunlin as his teacher out of respect for the number one scholar. Liu often talked about the past and the present to song Zheyuan, and taught them the knowledge of classics and history. The content of Liu's talk with Song Dynasty was published in the newspaper at that time with the title of "Liu Chunlin's words".

After the July 7th incident, the Japanese occupied Peiping. Wang Yitang, a great traitor (Wang and Liu were Jinshi of the same subject and classmates studying in Japan), wanted to borrow Liu Zhuangyuan's name as a signboard to invite him to take the important post of mayor of Beijing. He tried every means to mobilize and persuade him, but Liu Yanci refused. The next day, the puppet army raided Liu's house and drove the whole family out with bayonets. After the heavy capital to buy and trust intercession, just let the family into the door, the copied property back. This is a big blow to Liu. From then on, Dumen gave thanks to his guests and masturbated with poems and books at home, which was respected by people at that time. Liu Chunlin sponsored the school. A primary school will be built in the village. The house and school equipment will be subsidized by the school. A plaque will be presented to the village with the title "Zhucai stove" hanging in the gate. Liu Chunlin once donated books to Beijing Yanji middle school (two male and female schools) sponsored by famous people in Hebei Province, and served as the director of the board of directors of the school. Liu Chunlin also attached great importance to the education of his family's children. He provided money for ordinary people from primary school to middle school or university. Liu Chunlin observed the sufferings of the people and rescued the victims. In the summer of 1933, the Yellow river overflowed, and Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces were seriously affected, and people were displaced. Liu Chunlin and others initiated and organized "Hebei immigration Association" and established "Hebei new village" in Inner Mongolia. They immigrated several times, including 330 households and more than 1100 people. The expenses were donated and raised by the sponsors. Liu ran around in spite of his old age and contacted Yu Xuezhong, then chairman of Hebei Province, to order local governments to assist him.

Liu Chunlin is erudite and versatile, with a wide range of interests. He has profound attainments in ancient literature, history and epigraphy, and has many opinions on the study of primary school (exegetics, philology and phonology). Because of his erudition, he spared no expense to buy books and collected more than ten thousand books. He once opened several "Zhili bookstore" in Baoding and other places, which played a certain role in the spread of Chinese culture. Liu Chunlin also attached great importance to the compilation of Suning County annals in the Republic of China. He donated money to compile the annals, gave specific guidance and reviewed the first draft of the annals (the draft was lost due to the war).

Character story

Liu Chunlin is the last number one scholar in Chinese history, but his number one scholar is accidental, and there is an interesting story.

In July 1904, the Qing government held another imperial examination as usual. After careful selection, the chief examiners arranged the selected papers according to their ranking and submitted them to Empress Dowager Cixi for "imperial confirmation".

At that time, the worried empress dowager was preparing to celebrate her 70th birthday, hoping to get some good omen from the imperial examination. She first opened the examination paper listed by the examiner as the first name. Her handwriting was fluent and elegant, her words were smooth and gorgeous, and she was very happy. But as soon as I cast my eyes on the signing, a cloud suddenly opened. Zhu Ruzhen, a Cantonese, won the first prize. When she saw the word "Zhen", she thought of Princess Zhenfei. Because Princess Zhenfei supported Emperor Guangxu's reform, Empress Dowager Cixi was very displeased. Later, she drowned her in a well, so her anger rose when she saw the word "Zhen". In addition, Zhu Ruzhen was a Cantonese, which added fuel to Cixi's fire. Think of Hong Xiuquan of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao of the reformers, Sun Yat Sen holding high the banner of anti Qing Dynasty These "first rebellions" of the Qing Dynasty all came from Guangdong. In Cixi's opinion, Cantonese were her nemesis, which was intolerable. So she threw Zhu Ruzhen's test paper aside. When Cixi opened the second paper, she could not help but feel happy again. Because the second test paper was written by Liu Chunlin, a native of Suning, Zhili (now Hebei Province), the word "Chunlin" means "spring wind turns into rain, and rain falls in all directions". This year, there was another drought, and I was eager for a spring rain. In addition, Zhili is located in the capital, and "Suning" symbolizes peace and tranquility, which is a sign of "auspiciousness" for the precarious Qing Dynasty. Liu Chunlin became the number one scholar from the second place when he published the list. After the examiner's guarantee, Zhu Ruzhen's name, though not erased, had to be placed behind Liu Chunlin to take care of public opinion.

But history is merciless. The second year after Liu Chunlin won the first prize, he abolished the imperial examination. In 1911, the revolution of 1911 broke out, the Qing Dynasty perished, and the imperial examination system was completely abolished. Liu Chunlin became the last champion in Chinese history.

Social evaluation

After the revolution of 1911, in order to realize his ambition to restore the monarchy, Yuan Shikai recruited the old people of Qing Dynasty in many ways. In 1914, Liu Chunlin was appointed by Yuan Shikai as the president's internal history. Every day, Liu had to compile a record of the words and deeds of the emperors for yuan to read. After 1927, Liu Chunlin resigned from his official post and stayed at home. He masturbated with poetry and calligraphy every day and studied calligraphy.

In 1933, Liu Chunlin, together with Duan Shengwu and other well-known people, initiated and organized the Hebei immigration Association, with Liu Chunlin as its director. In March of 1934, Zheng Xiaoxu, the Prime Minister of Manchuria puppet government, invited Liu Chunlin to visit in the name of Manchuria, which was severely rejected by him. Zheng Xiaoxu and Liu Chunlin were both famous calligraphers, but Liu's patriotic deeds of not being a slave to the subjugation were praised by the Chinese people.

Historical heritage

1. Liu

Chinese PinYin : Liu Chun Lin