Xu Teli

Xu Teli

Xu Teli (February 1, 1877 - November 28, 1968), also known as Xu Lihua, formerly known as maoxun, was a Chinese revolutionist and educator, born in Shanhua (now Jiangbei Town, Changsha County), Hunan Province. He is the teacher of Mao Zedong, Tian Han and other famous people. He was honored as one of the "five elders of Yan'an".

He joined the revolution of 1911, the Communist Party of China in 1927 and Nanchang Uprising in August of the same year. In November 1931, he was elected member of the central executive committee of the Soviet Republic of China. He took part in the long march in 1934. After the founding of new China, he was a member of the Central People's Government Committee. He died in Beijing on November 28, 1968 at the age of 91.

Most of the works are collected in Xu Teli's educational anthology and Xu Teli's anthology. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China once appraised him as "never tired of learning for himself, never tired of teaching others" and "China's outstanding revolutionary educator".

Biography

Xu Teli (1877-1968), also known as Xu Lihua, formerly known as maoxun, was a Chinese revolutionist and educator. He was born in Shanhua, Hunan Province (now Jiangbei Town, Changsha County). He is the teacher of Mao Zedong, Tian Han and other famous people. He was born on February 1, 1877 in Guanyintang, Sidu, Shanhua County, Changsha Prefecture, Hunan Province. In 1905, he entered chengningxiang high school in Changsha and taught in Zhounan women's school in Changsha after graduation. Later, private schools were set up (such as Lijiang school, Changsha civilian night school, etc.). In 1910, he went to Japan to study education, supported the Wuchang Uprising, and was elected vice president of Hunan provisional Parliament. He was the president of Changsha Normal School in 1913. from 1919 to June 1924, when he was 42 years old, he went to work study in France and investigated the education in Belgium and Germany. After returning to China in 1924, he founded Changsha women's normal school and Hunan orphanage. In May 1927, in the "white terror", he resolutely joined the Communist Party of China and took part in the Nanchang Uprising. He studied at Sun Yat sen University in Moscow in 1928. After returning to China in 1930, he entered the central revolutionary base. He was Minister of education of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China and founded Lenin primary school and Lenin normal school. Took part in the long march. In Yan'an, he was the director of the Education Department of the border region government. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he served as the director of the Hunan Office of the Eighth Route Army in the name of the senior chief of staff of the Eighth Route Army, and later as the Vice Minister of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee. In November 1931, he was elected member of the central executive committee of the Soviet Republic of China, acting Minister of the Ministry of education of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China, and vice president of the Soviet University. In October 1934, at the age of 57, he took part in the 25000 Li Long March of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. Dong Biwu and Xu Teli were incorporated into the cadre recuperation company of the central organ column, showing the brave revolutionary spirit of the old hero. He founded Yan'an Natural Science Research Institute in 1940 and served as president. After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, he successively served as a member of the Central People's government, a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and a member of the seventh and Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He died in Beijing on November 28, 1968 at the age of 91.

Character experience

Xu Teli, born in 1877 in a poor peasant family in Changsha County, Hunan Province, has been aware of the cruel exploitation of peasants since childhood. When he was 9 years old, his father and brother were bullied because they were angry at being illiterate, so they pooled money to let him study in a private school. After six years of study, he dropped out of school because he had no money. He once studied Zen with a monk. Later, he worked at home and taught in private schools. In 1905, due to the abolition of the Qing government and the establishment of a new school, Changsha set up a normal school. He was admitted to the accelerated class of the school. After graduation, he became a teacher of high school and primary school, and applied to Changsha Zhounan women's school. In 1907, when the Qing government made a humiliating compromise to foreign countries, Xu Teli made a current affairs report at the school. When he talked about the indignation, he burst into tears. He took a kitchen knife to cut off his left little finger, dipped it in blood, wrote a protest, and fainted on the spot. This move of "cutting off the finger with a knife" was immediately famous throughout the province, and Xu Teli was also praised as the most bloody radical by progressive thinkers at that time. In 1911, Xu was elected vice president of Hunan Province. After entering the officialdom, he felt very dark. He soon returned to the education field and became the president of Changsha normal school. In 1919, there was an upsurge of work study program in France. Xu Teli, 42, signed up to study in France and became the oldest international student. During his four years in France, he studied French while working, and then went to Paris University to study natural science. After returning to China, he became the principal of the first female teacher in Changsha, and was recognized as a celebrity in Hunan's educational circles. At the climax of the great revolution in early 1927, Xu Teli joined the Hunan peasant association and served as the chief of the education section. He also served as the Minister of agriculture and industry in the left-wing Kuomintang Changsha Municipal Party department. In the summer of the same year, the great revolution failed. When many Communists defected and left the party, Xu Teli joined the party at the age of 50. Later, he took part in the Nanchang Uprising and served as the party representative of the division. After the defeat of the army, he decided to go up the mountain with he long to fight guerrillas. However, he was unable to follow him because of illness and was sent to Moscow to join Sun Yat sen University. After learning Russian, he studied Marxism Leninism systematically, and studied Chinese Latin Pinyin together with Wu Yuzhang and Qu Qiubai. At the end of 1930, Xu Teli went back to China and went to Jiangxi base. Later, he served as the Vice Minister of education in the Chinese Soviet government (the minister was Qu Qiubai). In 1934, he went with the army on the long march. Along the way, he walked with us, leaning on a bamboo stick and carrying a red tassel gun for self-defense. Qu Qiubai gave him a good horse when he said goodbye, but he always gave it to the sick and wounded. According to statistics, during the long march of 20000 Li, Xu Lao rode no more than 2000 Li. He said, "Xu Lao and Xu Lao are really good. They don't ride horses and run with horses.". After arriving in Northern Shaanxi, the CPC Central Committee celebrated his 60th birthday. Mao Zedong wrote a letter to congratulate him, saying that Xu "will be my husband in the future.". After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Xu Teli first went to the KMT ruled area as a representative of the Communist Party of China. In 1940, he returned to Yan'an as president of the Academy of natural sciences and was elected a member of the CPC Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress of the CPC. At this time, he was old and strong, nearly 70 years old, and took part in the swimming competition of Yan'an youth sports meeting. In 1947, the central government celebrated his 70th birthday. Chairman Mao's inscription was "a strong old soldier", and commander-in-chief Zhu's inscription was "a sage today". After the founding of new China, Xu Teli became Vice Minister of the Central Propaganda Department. He applied automatically for removal because of his old age and memory loss. However, he was still concerned about the state affairs, which he did not approve of during the great leap forward, and he was worried after the beginning of the cultural revolution. On the national day of 1966, when he went to Tiananmen Square, he stood by the elevator waiting for Mao Zedong, trying to pour out his thoughts. After Chairman Mao saw him from a distance, he immediately said hello and wanted to come over. Unfortunately, he was separated by a group of people who suddenly appeared shouting "long live". Since then, Xu's health has been declining and it is difficult to go out. He died in 1968.

Active innovation

Xu Teli was born in 1877, when China was becoming a semi colonial and semi feudal society step by step. From the perspective of the world situation, Britain, France, the United States and other countries are wantonly invading and expanding all over the world, seizing colonies; at home, the Qing Dynasty is coming to an end, with decadent politics at home and kowtowing to the outside world. In this situation, people of insight have explored the way to save the country and the people. Xu Teli, a young man, lives in the countryside of Changsha County, Hunan Province. His mother's early death, father's tiredness and extreme distress make him experience the hardships of life for the first time. In 1886, Xu Teli, a 9-year-old, was sent to a private school by his father, who suffered a lot from lack of education. In the poems and ancient articles read in private schools, Zhu Bailu's maxims on family governance in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties and Yang Jiaoshan's affectionate will had a profound impact on Xu Teli. At the age of 16, Xu Teli had to drop out of school because of the death of his family and had to make a living on his own. After several years of exploration, at the age of 18, Xu Teli finally made the decision to "teach and study" and "make progress and make a living". As a result, Xu Teli studied hard in the eight part imperial examination while teaching in his hometown. But he opposed the dead stereotyped writing used by Kao Xiucai, especially after he got the advice from Chen Yunfeng, a Changsha scholar, Xu Teli was determined to seek truth and knowledge instead of focusing on the stereotyped writing. "From then on, I stopped doing stereotyped writing and became a young man of Sinology.". He even formulated a "ten-year plan for bankruptcy study", focusing on "study for learning, and whether he studies or not, he does not care about him". At the same time, Xu Teli actively read the Journal of Hunan and Xiangbao, which spread Western civilization. He especially loved the articles written by Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong, which criticized the current situation, discussed current affairs and filled with passion. He once claimed to be a believer of Kang Liang. In 1905, the Qing government ordered to abolish the Eight Legged selection of scholars, changed the textual research, and added history and geography. Xu Teli, 28, took the exam and ranked 19th among 3000 candidates. Although he later gave up the re examination because of financial difficulties and unwilling to accept financial support from the children of rich families, his reputation spread like wildfire, and schools all over the world vied for employment, so he no longer had to worry about his livelihood. However, he was not at ease with his career as a rural teacher, and he was not infatuated with his well-off family. The issues he considered are quite different from those before he was 20 years old. He mainly thought about his career, family and future, and then felt that it was time to share the worries for the country and the nation. He felt that he should leave his hometown and go to a wider world to learn new knowledge and explore the way to save the country and the people. He was admitted by the League member Zhou Zhenlin

Chinese PinYin : Xu Te Li