Huanggai

Huanggai

Huang Gai (year of birth and death unknown), the word Gong Fu, Lingling Quanling (now Lingling District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province) people. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was a famous general. He served as Sun Jian, sun CE and Sun Quan. He was serious and good at training soldiers. His troops were brave and good at fighting. He was a county official in his early years, and then followed Sun Jian to travel south and North. After Sun Jian's death, Huang Gai followed sun CE and Sun Quan to "kill the city with the sword". Huanggai was active in the front line of Zhenfu Shanyue. It was located in Xiping, Qiandan and yangduwei.

During the battle of Chibi in the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Huang Gai went to caoying to feign surrender and took the opportunity to attack Cao Cao's army with fire. He was one of the main meritorious officials in the battle of Chibi and paid homage to Wufeng Zhonglang. He was also widely praised by later generations for his deeds. In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Luo Guanzhong described the story of "bitter flesh stratagem" when depicting Huang Gai. After a while, Wuling barbarians attacked the city. Huang Gai took 500 people and put them in half to intercept the thieves. When spring goes and summer comes, all the bandits are peaceful. Later, he was a general of Jiapian. Officials to the partial general, Wuling Taishou. It has a yellow handle.

(source: ye Xiong's biography of characters in the romance of the Three Kingdoms)

Life of the characters

Serve the sun family

He was a descendant of Huang Zilian, the governor of Nanyang, but his family was separated and Huang Gai's grandfather moved to Lingling. Later, all the villagers died. Huang Gai's life was hard, but he still had ambition. Although he was poor, he often warned himself with negative salary, and studied books and the art of war by himself. Later, he served as a county official, and then he was investigated as Xiaolian and promoted to the government.

In the first year of Chuping (190), Sun Jian raised a righteous army and Huang Gai followed him. Sun Jian defeated the grass-roots bandits in the mountains in the South and Dong Zhuo in the north, so he appointed Huang Gai as another Sima.

In 191, Sun Jian died in the war. Huang Gai followed sun CE and Sun Quan and fought in the north and south, risking his life to conquer the city and land.

Pacify Shanyue

The tribes of Shanyue did not want to submit to Sun Wu, or there were some bandits in the county. They always used Huang Gai as the local chief executive there.

The officials of Shicheng County were particularly difficult to control and manage, so Huang Gai appointed two officials to be in charge of each department. He taught the two men, "my county magistrate has no talent. He is only famous for his martial arts, not for being a civil servant. Now that the bandits have not been pacified, I often have military tasks. I entrust you two with the handling of all the official documents. You should supervise and inspect all the departments, correct and expose their mistakes. I will not punish you in any way if you cheat or commit any act within the scope of your duties. You just try your best not to lead them astray. "

In the beginning, the two officials were afraid of Huang Gai's majesty and did their duty day by day. Over time, these officials thought Huang Gai didn't read the documents and gradually neglected his official duties. Huang Gai was also dissatisfied with their slackness and laziness. He inspected them from time to time and found out that they had several cases of non-compliance with the law. So he invited all the officials in the county to hold banquets and treat them with wine and meat, and took out cases of violating the law and discipline. Both of them kowtow and plead guilty. "Yellow whip warned you:" the final punishment is not to cover you So they killed them. The county officials were shocked and terrified.

Later, he transferred to Chungu county magistrate and Xunyang county magistrate. All the nine counties he worked in were safe and stable. He was also promoted to Dan Yang Duwei, who suppressed the powerful and helped the poor, and made Shan Yue sincerely return.

Suggestions from Chibi

In the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Cao Cao in the North went south. Huang Gai followed Zhou Yu to fight Cao's army in Chibi. The two armies confronted each other. Huang Gai proposed fire attack tactics and faked surrender in person. Zhou Yu thought it was feasible.

On the day of the battle, Huang Gai prepared dozens of Mengchong and Doushi ships, full of firewood and oil, camouflaged with red mantle, planted teeth flag on them, and tied the boats behind them. Huang Gai first submitted a letter to Cao Cao informing him of his surrender, so that Cao's army saw Huang Gai's ships coming and was not on guard. Huang Gai ordered him to light firewood and get angry at the same time. The fire spread to Cao's barracks by the wind. Unfortunately, Huang Gai fell into the water during the war. When he was rescued, Wu Jun could not recognize Huang Gai and placed him in the toilet bed. Huang Gai can only save his life by yelling and calling for Han Dang. When Han Dang finds him, he tears and unties his clothes. However, he still defeated Cao Cao and was accepted by Renwu center.

old but vigorous

After the battle of Chibi, a barbarian rebellion broke out in Wuling and attacked the city. Huang Gai was transferred to be the prefect. At that time, there were only 500 people in the county. Huang Gai used tactics to open the city gate and lead the barbarians into the city. Half way into the city, he immediately launched an attack, killed hundreds of people, recovered the Lost City, killed its leader, and released the capitulators. In one season, all the chaos was settled, and the leaders of the local tribes treated him with courtesy.

Soon, Yiyang County of Changsha County was also invaded by mountain bandits. Huang Gai was pacified again, and Sun Quan promoted him to partial general. When Sun Quan ascended to the throne of God, he pursued his life achievements and granted his son Huang Bing the title of Marquis of Guannei.

Main achievements

In addition to offering fire attack strategies in the battle of Chibi, Huang Gai also made great contributions to following sun CE to pacify Jiangdong. When sun CE died, Huang Gai continued to serve under Sun Quan. He served three generations of the sun family, and was a Jiangdong Yuanxun.

Character evaluation

Overall evaluation

Huang Gai's appearance was serious and resolute. He was good at taking care of his subordinates. Every time he sent troops to fight, his soldiers fought bravely. He dealt with things decisively and never delayed. People in the state of Wu missed him.

Historical evaluation

Chen Shou: all these generals are the tiger ministers of Jiang Biao, and the sun family is kind to them.

Wei Yao: Gai shaogu was a lonely man. He was a tough child. He worked hard to prepare for the taste, but he was ambitious. Although he was poor and humble, he was different from ordinary people. He often spent his spare time with a negative salary, studying books and talking about military affairs.

Cai Jingli: Wufu is fierce and has four ambitions. He pulls up the mountains, breaks the dragon in the water, shoots from left to right with the bow of Liujun, and takes over the sword of ten thousand people. He attacks the fortress like Wenyang, burns the warship like huanggai, wins every battle, and becomes a group.

Yu Xin: at first the wind blows and shoots fire, or the arrow returns to the boat. He did not distinguish his voice from Huang Gai, but first sank to Duhou. Sailing in the Yellow River, sailing in the parrot island.

Zhang Ruyu: Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Gan Ning, Xu Sheng, pan Zhang, Zhu ran, Zhu Huan, He Qi, Ling Tong, Quan Cong and Lu fan are all wise enough to defend the masses and brave enough to repel the enemy. There is no one who does not obey the orders.

Hao Jing: Cheng Pu's generals were all Huchen on the surface of the river. They fought hard to defend the leader, attack and crush the enemy, and prospered Wang dingbin. Sun's brothers died and established the national building number, which was also the strength of the generals. If Huang Gai attacked with fire in the battle of water, he would be able to use it; Jiang Qinzhi promoted Xu Sheng without personal resentment; Ling Tong's kindred and virtuous corporal was light on money and justice; Chen Biao's wife was naked and had the rule of a good general. The luxury of Gan Ning and the lawlessness of Pan Zhang are all tolerated. Xu Ning returns Su Fei's kindness, refuses to restore his father, and exercises the skill of controlling generals. Ding Feng is proud of his achievements. He can't abuse the Lord. What a good thing "The general of Wu is light, but almost full of intrigues. When Mo Ken was a servant, he called himself Emperor. Mo Chuang caresses the orphans, and they often shed tears. There is skill in driving, and there is a way in driving. If you protect the east of the river, you will live up to King Huan.

Relative members

Father: Huang an, Fu Ren, the fifth son of Huang Xiang, the eldest son of Huang Zan.

Son: Huang Bing, when Sun Quan became emperor, he pursued Huang Gai's merits and was granted the Marquis of Guannei.

Commemoration of later generations

Huanggai tomb

Huanggai tomb is located in Xuzhen town (formerly huangmu town), Nanling County, Wuhu City, Anhui Province. The tomb is more than 10 meters in circumference. The stele says "huanggai Tomb of general Duwei pian in Danyang." The tomb of huanggai was rebuilt in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1721). The Cultural Revolution was devastated, the pavilion was destroyed, and the tombstone was lost. In the old year, on the winter solstice of the Qing Dynasty, many villagers came to visit. The custom is to use peach branch as bow and silk thread as string to hang at the corner of the stele, praying for the descendants to be brave and loyal.

Huanggai Lake

Huanggai lake, located in the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River at the junction of Hunan and Hubei in the northwest of Chibi City, Hubei Province, and the northeast corner of Linxiang City, Hunan Province, is a natural border between Hunan and Hubei Province. It is located on the Bank of the Yangtze River, 35 kilometers away from Chibi City, Hubei Province, and 9.5 kilometers away from the "battle of Chibi" scenic spot. In 207 A.D., the battle of Chibi broke out. Huanggai was the chief General of the water army of the eastern Wu Dynasty, training the water army in huanggai lake. After the battle of Chibi, Sun Quan gave huanggai Lake (formerly known as Taiping Lake) as a reward.

However, it is widely spread that what Sun Quan gave huanggai was only a piece of land, not a lake. The huanggai family built huanggai mansion here. However, there was a big earthquake in history, the water of Dongting Lake tilted inward, and huanggai mansion subsided, forming a lake, which was called huanggai Lake in the past.

Huanggai town

Huanggai town

Located in the northeast of Linxiang City, Yueyang City, Hunan Province, and on the border of Hunan and Hubei Province, it is the first town to enter Hunan from the north. It is one of the important border towns in Hunan Province. It lies on the golden waterway of the Yangtze River in the north, across the river from Honghu City in Hubei Province, on the east of huanggai lake, the second largest inland lake in Hunan Province, and on Chibi City in Hubei Province. It is adjacent to Jiangnan Town and Chengfeng Township in the South and West.

Artistic image

Literary image

In Chapter 46 of the popular novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huang Gai uses iron whip as his weapon. When Cao Cao's army came, Huang Gai proposed to Zhou Yu a fire attack to break the enemy. Zhou Yu asked him to make a bitter plan, and Huang Gai agreed. Huang Gai deliberately offered to surrender to Cao Cao, but Zhou Yu falsely ordered his head to be beheaded. Later, he changed it to fifty with a stick, which made his flesh and skin split. Huang Gai presented a letter of surrender to Cao Cao. Cao Cao first knew how to break the pretence of surrender, but Cao Cao believed that there were two things in return for Huang Gai's punishment. However, there is no official history record of the bitter meat strategy. During the battle of Chibi, Huang Gai just "built a fire strategy".

Xiehouyu: Zhou Yu beat Huang Gai - one is willing to fight, the other is willing to suffer.

Film and television image

Chinese PinYin : Huang Gai