Guan Zhong
Guan Zhong
Guan Zhong (723-645 BC), surnamed Ji, surnamed Guan, was born in Yingshang (now Yingshang County, Anhui Province). His name is Yiwu, and his name is Zhong. He is a famous economist, philosopher, statesman and militarist in ancient China. The representative of Legalists in the spring and Autumn period is the descendant of King Mu of Zhou.
In the 33rd year of Duke Fu of Qi Dynasty (698 BC), he began to assist his son in rectifying. In 685 B.C., he was recommended by Bao Shuya as the Prime Minister of the state, assisting Duke Huan of Qi to become the head of the five tyrants in the spring and Autumn period. He promoted reform at home, enriched the country and strengthened the army; he respected the king and conquered the barbarians, combined the nine princes and ruled the country by himself, so he was honored as "Zhongfu".
He died of illness in 645 BC. Guanzi is known as the "sage" and "protector of Chinese civilization".
The title of Guanzi is written by Guan Zhong. Some people doubt that it is a pretext for posterity.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Guan Zhong was born in the 56th year of qizhuanggong (about 723 BC). Guan Zhong's ancestor is the descendant of King Mu of Zhou, who is the same as the royal family of Zhou. His father, Guan Zhuang, was a doctor in the state of Qi. In order to make a living, he failed to cooperate with his good friend Bao Shuya in business. Guan Zhong was a humble businessman at that time. Travel to many places, contact with all kinds of people, have seen a lot of world, thus accumulated rich social experience. When I was in the army, I ran away. I tried to be an official several times, but I didn't succeed.
Mr. Zuo
In the 33rd year (698 BC), Duke Qi died, leaving three sons, Prince zhu'er, Gongzi Jiu and Gongzi Xiaobai. After the death of Duke Xi of Qi, Prince zhu'er ascended the throne for Duke Xiang of Qi. At that time, Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya assisted childe Jiu and childe Xiaobai respectively. Soon after, Qi Xianggong and his sister Lu HuanGong's wife Wenjiang secretly conspired with each other and killed him drunk. In this regard, Guan Zhong had a premonition that the state of Qi would be in chaos. Gongzijiu's mother is Lu Jun's daughter, so Guan Zhong and Zhaohu protect gongzijiu to escape to Lu.
In the 12th year of Xianggong of Qi (686 BC), there was civil strife in the state of Qi. As soon as the time was ripe, the two young men who fled wanted to return home in order to seize the throne. When Duke Zhuang of Lu knew that there was no monarch in Qi, he was very anxious. He immediately sent troops to escort his son to return home. Later he found that his son Xiaobai had already set out to return home. Guan Zhong then decided to ask himself to go ahead and lead 30 soldiers to the road from Ju state to Qi state to intercept Xiaobai. After more than 30 Li in Jimo, they are meeting a group of chariots and horses of young master Xiaobai. Guan Zhong and other young master Xiaobai came near, and then he took his arrow to shoot at it. With one shot, young master Xiaobai fell down. Guan Zhong thought that Xiaobai had been shot dead by himself, so he led his men back. In fact, young master Xiaobai is not dead. Guan Zhong shoots an arrow at his copper belt, and young master Xiaobai bites his tongue and pretends to be dead. After this shock, Xiaobai and Bao Shuya were more alert and advanced to the state of Qi. When they came to Linzi, Bao Shuya went to the city to persuade them. Gao and Guo, the Prime Minister of Qi, agreed to protect Xiaobai as the king of the country. So Xiaobai went to the city and successfully ascended the throne. This is the famous Duke Huan of Qi in history.
Bao shujuxian
In 685 BC, when Duke Huan of Qi ascended the throne, he was in urgent need of talented people to assist him, so he was ready to ask Bao Shuya to come out to be Prime Minister of Qi. However, Bao Shuya claimed that he was not as talented as Guan Zhong. If he wanted to make the state of Qi dominate, he had to use Guan Zhong as his prime minister.
Guan Zhong and his friends think that Xiaobai is dead, and no one will fight for the throne with him, so they are not in a hurry. It took six days to get to the state of Qi. When I arrived in Qi, I didn't expect that there was a monarch in Qi. The new monarch was Xiaobai. When Lu zhuanggong learned that there was a new monarch in Qi, he immediately sent troops to attack Qi and attempted to seize the throne by armed intervention. When the two sides were fighting, Guan Zhong suggested that they should attack while Xiaobai's heart was not set. However, Duke Lu Zhuang said, "if everything was as you expected, Xiaobai would have been shot to death." He didn't listen to Guan Zhong, but was ambushed. Lu army was defeated. Gongzi Jiuhe and Guan Zhong were defeated by Lu zhuanggong. Qi army took advantage of the victory to enter the territory of Lu. Duke Huan of Qi sent a letter to Duke Zhuang of Lu to kill his son and hand over Guan Zhong and Zhao Hu. Otherwise, the Qi army will attack the state of Lu in an all-round way. After learning this, Duke Zhuang of Lu discussed with doctor Shi Bo. Shi Bo thought that the state of Qi wanted Guan Zhong not for revenge, but for appointment. Because Guan Zhong's talent is rare in the world, his country will be rich and powerful. If Guan Zhong was appointed by the state of Qi, it would be a great disaster for the state of Lu. Therefore, Shi Bo advocated killing Guan Zhong and returning his body to the state of Qi. However, Bao Shuya said that Duke Huan of Qi hated Guan Zhong to the bone and must kill him alive. When Duke Zhuang of Lu was defeated, he was scared to death when he heard that the soldiers of Qi were pressing the border. He didn't listen to Shi Bo's opinion. Under the pressure of the state of Qi, he killed Gongzi Jiu and captured Guan Zhong and Zhao Hu, preparing to send them back to Duke Huan of Qi for surrender.
Guan Zhong knew that this was Bao Shuya's plan, so he asked the escorts to rush to the state of Qi quickly, and finally arrived in the state of Qi safely. On Bao Shuya's suggestion, Duke Huan of Qi agreed to choose an auspicious day to greet Guan Zhong in person with very grand etiquette, so as to show his respect and trust in Guan Zhong. At the same time, it also let people know that Duke Huan of Qi was virtuous and magnanimous. After taking over Zhong, Duke Huan of Qi talked for three days and nights, speculated every sentence, fasted for three days, worshiped Guan Zhong as prime minister, and called him "Zhong Fu".
Help Qi to dominate
In the second year of Duke Huan of Qi (684 BC), Duke Huan said to Guan Zhong, "I want to strengthen armaments." Guan Zhong said, "no way." Duke Huan didn't listen, so he repaired his armaments. Once, Mrs. song angered Duke Huan of Qi. Duke Huan said to Guan Zhong, "I want to attack song." Guan Zhong said, "no, I don't think it will be successful to use troops abroad without repairing internal affairs." Duke Huan didn't listen, so he set out to attack the Song Dynasty. The princes set up troops to save the Song Dynasty and defeated the Qi army.
In the third year of Duke Huan of Qi (683 BC), Guan Zhong proposed to send troops to question the state of Tan who did not obey the etiquette and law. The state of Tan was very small and weak, but it was soon destroyed by the state of Qi. The state of Qi had no effort to destroy the state of Tan and expanded its territory.
In the fifth year of Duke Huan of Qi (681 BC), at the suggestion of Guan Zhong, the state of Qi and song, Chen, Cai, Zheng and other states formed an alliance in Beixing (now Liaocheng east of Shandong Province) of Qi to discuss the plan of stabilizing the state of song. Suiguo (now Feicheng south of Shandong Province) was also invited, but did not attend. In order to improve the prestige of Qi, Guan Zhong sent troops to destroy Sui. The state of Lu was relatively strong, but it was defeated by the state of Qi one after another. It was also found that all the vassal states were subject to the state of Qi, and Sui and tan, who were not subject to the state of Qi, were eliminated, so they also succumbed to the state of Qi. Soon after, the state of Qi and the state of Lu made peace and formed an alliance in Ke. It was in this alliance that the famous Cao Mo robbed the alliance. Cao Mo forced the state of Qi to return all the lost land of Lu before. After the official affairs of Qi Huan, Guan Zhong wanted to go back on his word, but Guan Zhong should not break his promise and let Qi Huan return the lost land.
In 680 B.C., Lu, song, Chen, CAI and Wei all succumbed to the state of Qi. Tan and Sui had already been eliminated. Only Zheng was still in civil strife. Therefore, Guan Zhong suggested Duke Huan of Qi to mediate the civil strife of Zheng State, so as to improve the status of Qi State and speed up the realization of the goal of being the overlord. After Li Gong returned to China, Zheng killed Ziyi and Fu Xia, the benefactor, and forced yuanfan, the doctor, to die. After he ascended the throne, he wanted to unite with Qi in order to consolidate the throne. Taking this opportunity, Guan Zhong suggested that Duke Huan of Qi unite with song, Wei and Zheng, and invited the royal family of Zhou to join the alliance in juancheng.
In the seventh year of Duke Huan of Qi (679 BC), Guan Zhong asked Duke Huan of Qi to summon song, Chen, Wei and Zheng in his own name to join the alliance. From then on, Duke Huan of Qi became a recognized overlord.
Shanrong in the Northern War
In the 24th year of Duke Huan of Qi (662 BC), Shanrong attacked the state of Yan, and the state of Yan appealed to the state of Qi for help. Duke Huan of Qi thought that the disaster of Chu in the South was greater, and he was unwilling to send troops. However, Guan Zhong believed that Chu in the south, Shanrong in the north, and Di in the West were the disasters of the Central Plains. If the king wanted to invade Chu, he had to attack Shanrong first, and the North was stable, so that he could concentrate on conquering the south. Now that Yan has been convicted, he has appealed to our country for help. If he takes the lead in conquering Yi, he will surely win the support of all countries. Duke Huan of Qi thought it was, so he raised his troops to save Yan. Guan Zhong fought against Shanrong and rescued the state of Yan. He didn't return until Guzhu.
In the 26th year of Duke Huan of Qi Dynasty (660 BC), the Di people in the northwest also attacked the Central Plains and the state of Xing (now Xingtai, Hebei Province). As the overlord, Duke Huan of Qi could not be ignored. Guan Zhong was also very concerned about this problem. He said to Duke Huan of Qi, "Rong Di is very cruel and greedy. All the countries in the Xia Dynasty are relatives. They care about each other. If a country is in trouble, they should help each other. It's very dangerous to satisfy the present situation. It's the best policy to send troops to save Xing. " Duke Huan of Qi appreciated Guan Zhong's idea very much, so he sent troops to save the state of Xing, which was soon saved. Before long, Di people sent troops to defend the country. Wei Yigong was killed and the country was destroyed. Di people chased the people of Wei to the Yellow River. The state of song sent troops to rescue 730 people of the state of Wei. In addition, there were five thousand people living in Teng and Tongyi. It was in caoyi (now Huaxian County, Henan Province) that Duke Dai of Wei was established as the king of the country. The newly recovered Wei state is in a very difficult situation. Duke Huan of Qi and Guan Zhong sent Wukui, a young man, with 500 chariots and 3000 soldiers, to defend the country and defend Cao Yi. He also brought the horse riding clothes to Wei Jun, and the carriage and brocade to his wife. In addition, there are more than 300 cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs and chickens. He also helped build palaces. The state of Xing has not been restored, and the Di people have come to loot for the second time.
In the 27th year of Duke Huan of Qi (659 BC), Di people attacked Xing, and the situation was very serious. Duke Huan of Qi and Guan Zhong immediately United song and Cao to save Xing. When Qi, song
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Guan Zhong
