Surging

Surging

Peng Pai (October 22, 1896 - August 30, 1929) was born in Tianquan, formerly known as Peng Hanyu. He was born in Qiaodong community, Haifeng County, Guangdong Province (now Haicheng Town, Haifeng County, Shanwei City, Guangdong Province). He used pseudonyms such as Wang Zian and Meng an. He came from a family of industrial and commercial landlords. At the beginning of 1924, he joined the Communist Youth League of China. In October 1927, after the armed uprising led by Haifeng and Lufeng in Guangdong Province (now Shanwei City), the Soviet governments in Haifeng and Lufeng counties (the first rural Soviet regime in China) were established. He died bravely in Longhua, Shanghai, on August 30, 1929, when he was only 33 years old.

During the period of democratic revolution, Peng Pai launched the peasant movement and wrote the book "Hai Lu Feng peasant movement", which became a must read for those engaged in the peasant movement. Mao Zedong called it "the king of the peasant movement" and the leader of the Chinese peasant movement. On September 10, 2009, Peng Pai was rated as "100 heroes and models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China".

Life of the characters

Childhood

On October 22, 1896, Peng Pai was born in a landlord family in Longjin River, Haifeng County, Huizhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province. Father Peng Xin, mother Zhou Feng (Haifeng fair person). There are seven brothers and four sisters. In 1901 (6 years old), Peng Pai entered the Seven Saints palace in Haicheng to study in a private school. In 1903 (8 years old), he entered linzuci primary school. In 1906 (11 years old), his father and his mother died one after another. In 1909 (at the age of 14), he entered the first primary school of Haifeng County.

Youth

In 1912 (17 years old), Peng Pai married Cai Suping in Lujing township. In 1913 (18 years old) into the county Haifeng middle school. After that, he left Haifeng and went to Guangzhou Guangfu middle school. In the summer of 1917, he went to Japan to study Japanese and take remedial courses in Chengcheng preparatory college. In late May 1918 (23 years old), Peng Pai returned to Haifeng. In the middle of June, he was forced to return to Japan to continue his study. On September 30, he was admitted to the three-year Political Department of Waseda University. On September 18, 1919 (24 years old), he joined the builders' Union and soon joined the workers' sympathy Association. In October 1920 (25 years old), the organization of Chixin society was initiated in Tokyo. In November, he joined the gossamer club, which was organized by Japanese and Korean in Tokyo.

Revolutionary years

In early May 1921 (26 years old), he joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League shortly after returning home. From May 15 to 19, he published Japan's May Day in the first and second issues of biweekly review. Later, he initiated and organized the socialist research society. On July 30, the workers' sympathy association was organized. On September 1, he published "former compatriots" in the first issue of new Haifeng.

On the evening of July 29, 1922 (27 years old), Peng Pai and five other peasants formed the first peasant association in China, the six member peasant association. On May 4, Haifeng students were organized to hold a rally and a march to celebrate May Day. On May 14, he and Li Chuntao founded "heartless weekly" for publication. On June 2, he published "who should come out to promote socialism" in the fourth issue of "heart weekly". In late June, he went deep into the countryside and began to engage in the peasant movement. On July 29, the "six member peasant association" was established in Dequ library.

On January 1, 1923 (28 years old), the general farmers' Association of Haifeng County was established with Peng Pai as its president. Peng Pai formulated the flag for the general farmers' Association and drafted the provisional rules and regulations. In April, he went to Lufeng to promote the peasant movement and helped to set up the "preparatory meeting of Lufeng County peasant association". In May, Haifeng general farmers' Association was reorganized into "Huiyang farmers' union", with Peng Pai as its president. In July, Huiyang farmers' Federation was reorganized into Guangdong farmers' Association, and Peng Pai was the executive chairman. The constitution of Guangdong peasant association was drafted. In November, Huihu Meinong association was organized in Shantou.

In 1924 (29 years old), Peng Pai arrived in Guangzhou in early April to join the Communist Party of China. From May 21 to June 1, he attended the second Guangdong district Congress of the delegation in Guangzhou and was elected member of the district Executive Committee. On June 30, the Peasant Movement Institute was opened, and Peng Pai was the director of the first agricultural institute. On November 26, Peng Pai arrived in Guangning as a special commissioner of the central peasants' Department of the Kuomintang. The struggle of Guangning peasants against the armed forces of landlords lasted for three months.

On February 19, 1925 (30 years old), the armed struggle of Guangning peasants against the landlords came to an end. Peng Pai went to Dongjiang to take part in the eastern expedition. In April, he led Haifeng to set up a special branch of the Chinese Communist Party. On May 1, the first farmers' Congress of Guangdong Province was held in Guangzhou, and the Guangdong farmers' Association was officially established. On October 29, according to the instructions of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, the hailufeng special branch of the Communist Party of China was reorganized into the hailufeng prefectural committee, with Peng Pai as its secretary.

On January 1, 1926 (31 years old), the book "report on Haifeng peasant movement" was serialized in "Chinese National Peasants", which was first published on that day. On May 1, he presided over the second farmers' Congress of Guangdong Province and was elected as the standing member of the second executive committee. On May 29, he attended the 29th meeting of the Executive Committee of the Guangdong provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang. On May 30, he attended a meeting of all walks of life in Guangzhou to commemorate the anniversary of the May 30th massacre. On June 2, he taught the students the living conditions of Dongjiang peasants and the experience of carrying out the peasant movement in the Sixth Agricultural Institute.

In November 1927, he led the establishment of China's first red regime, the Hai Lu Feng Soviet government. After the establishment of the Soviet regime, it immediately began to carry out agrarian revolution and suppress counter revolution.

In the first half of 1928, the peasant armed forces led by Peng Pai and part of the fourth red division of Guangzhou Uprising forces led by Xu Qianqian launched guerrilla armed struggle in hailufeng, Puning, Huilai and Chaozhou to defend the Soviet regime. In November 1928, Peng Pai was elected a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He was ordered to go to Shanghai to serve as secretary of the Agricultural Committee of the CPC Central Committee, member of the Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee, and Secretary of the Military Commission of the CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee.

Arrested and killed

On August 24, 1929, he was arrested for betraying Bai Xin. On the 30th, Longhua, Yang Yin, Yan Changyi and Xing Shizhen died at the same time in Shanghai at the age of 33.

member of family

Achievements and contributions

Peng Pai's Haifeng peasant movement played an important role in guiding the national peasant movement which was developing vigorously at that time, helping to solve the difficulties in people's daily life, and fighting against feudal bad habits. It sowed the seeds of revolution and provided valuable experience for the later large-scale peasant movement.

The Hai Lufeng Soviet government established under the leadership of Peng Pai played an important role in the establishment of the Hai Lufeng revolutionary base, made an indelible contribution to the victory of the Chinese revolution, accumulated experience in theory and Practice for the later construction of the red regime, and opened up a road for the victory of the Chinese revolution based on rural areas.

The land confiscation case published by Peng Pai is the starting point of the new democratic land revolution movement, which has accumulated experience for the Communist Party of China to lead the land revolution movement, and also provided reference for the national peasant movement to carry out the land revolution.

Character evaluation

On the new year's day of 1923, Qu Qiubai, leader of the CPC Central Committee, said: "Comrade Peng Pai was the first soldier of the Chinese peasant movement."

In 1926, Mao Zedong called Peng Pai "the king of the peasant movement".

On August 31, 1929, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a declaration, which spoke highly of Peng Pai's life: "his history of revolutionary struggle has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the laboring masses of workers and peasants, and he has become the most cherished leader of the masses. Who knows that pengpai in Guangdong Province is the leader of China's peasant movement

In March 2011, Peng Pai's granddaughter, Peng Yina, said of her grandfather: "my grandfather is full of talent and is a person who has feelings and righteousness and selflessly dedicates everything to his ideal."

In his early years, Zhong Jingwen, a folklorist, wrote an article recalling Peng Pai, saying that Peng Pai is "a man who lives and dies in his ideal. He lives and works by his ideal, and finally dies happily for his ideal."

Commemoration of later generations

Red Palace Red Square

Honggong Hongchang is located in Haifeng County, Shanwei City, covering an area of 1850 square meters. It is the revolutionary activity place of the first Soviet regime. On March 4, 1961, the State Council promulgated that the former site of Hongchang in Haifeng Red Palace is a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 1986, a bronze statue of pengpai martyr was placed in the center of Red Square. Later, it became the third batch of national patriotism education demonstration bases and Guangdong patriotism education bases.

Former residence of Haifeng

Pengpai's former residence is located on the Bank of Longjin River, Qiaodong community, Haicheng Town, Haifeng County, Shanwei City, Guangdong Province. The former residence is located in the north and south, facing Longjin river. It was built in the late Qing Dynasty. The main building has two floors, with a width of 12.9 meters and a depth of 10.9 meters. The front porch imitates western style architecture and wind fire Gables, with a total construction area of 266 square meters.

The original house was destroyed in June 1925 and restored in 1986. On the east side of the former residence, Dequ library was originally the library of pengpai. Three rooms wide, wind and fire gable, building area of 96 square meters. In front of the gate of pengpai's former residence, the former site of longhepu was originally a rectangular broad flat. In the winter of 1927, after the establishment of the Haifeng Soviet regime, a mass meeting attended by tens of thousands of people was held here. 471088 land deeds and 58027 books were burned. It is the historical witness of Haifeng peasant movement and revolutionary struggle.

memorial hospital

Pengpai Memorial Hospital is a county-level general hospital named after the revolutionary martyr pengpai. It is located at No. 18, Hongchang Road, the center of prosperous business district, Haifeng County, Shanwei City. The transportation is very convenient. It takes about 15 minutes to drive to the exit of Pubian on Shenshan expressway. In 1995, it was rated as a second class a hospital and a national Baby Friendly Hospital by the Ministry of health, with 200

Chinese PinYin : Peng Pai