Zhou Guangzhao

Zhou Guangzhao

Zhou Guangzhao, born in Changsha, Hunan Province on May 15, 1929, is a theoretical physics and particle physicist. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a foreign academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, a foreign member of the Royal Society of the United Kingdom, a winner of the two bombs and one Star Medal, a researcher of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, an honorary chairman of the Chinese Association for science and technology, and a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress President of the Academy of Sciences.

After graduating from Tsinghua University in 1951, Zhou Guangzhao transferred to the Research Institute of Peking University to study; he joined the Communist Party of China in 1952; he stayed in Peking University to teach in 1954 after graduating from a master's degree in Peking University; he served as an intermediate researcher in the Dubner Institute of nuclear research of the Soviet Union from 1957 to 1960; he served as deputy director of the theory department and deputy director of the Institute of nuclear weapons theory of the Ministry of nuclear industry from 1961 to 1964 He is the chief engineer of the ninth Bureau of the Ministry of nuclear industry and the director of the Research Institute of the ninth Academy of the second Ministry of mechanical industry. He was a researcher of the Institute of theoretical physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1979; he was elected a member of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician) in 1980; he was the deputy director and director of the Institute of theoretical physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1982; he was the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1984; and he was the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 1987 to 1997 President and Secretary of the Party group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; elected as executive chairman of the presidium of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1992; chairman of the 5th and 6th China Association for science and technology from 1996 to 2006; asteroid 3462 was named "Zhou Guangzhao star" in 1996.

Zhou Guangzhao is mainly engaged in the research of high energy physics and nuclear weapon theory, and has made outstanding achievements. In 1958, Zhou Guangzhao first proposed the amplitude of spiral state of particles in the world, and established the corresponding mathematical method.

Character experience

From 1946 to 1951, he studied physics in Tsinghua University.

In 1951, after graduating from Tsinghua University, he transferred to the Research Institute of Peking University.

In 1952, he joined the Communist Party of China.

In 1954, after graduating from Peking University, he stayed in the university to teach and served as a lecturer in the Department of physics of Peking University.

From 1957 to 1960, he was an intermediate researcher at the Dubner Institute of nuclear research in the Soviet Union.

From 1961 to 1964, he served as deputy director of the theory department of the nuclear weapons research institute of the Ministry of nuclear industry, deputy director and director of the nuclear weapons Theory Research Institute, chief engineer of the ninth Bureau of the Ministry of nuclear industry, and director of the ninth Institute of the second Ministry of Mechanical industry.

In 1979, he was a researcher in the Institute of theoretical physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1980, he was elected member (academician) of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1982, he served as deputy director and director of Institute of theoretical physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1984, he served as vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1987, he served as president and Secretary of the Party group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In April 1992, he was elected executive chairman of the presidium of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In August 1993, he was elected vice president of the International Federation of pure and applied physics.

In May 1996, he was elected chairman of the Fifth China Association for science and technology.

In June 1996, he was elected executive chairman of the presidium of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences at the eighth academician conference.

From March 1998 to March 2003, he served as vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress.

In June 2001, he was elected president of the Sixth China Association for science and technology.

In May 2006, he served as honorary chairman of China Association for science and technology.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

In the 1950s, Zhou Guangzhao put forward the theory of "helical state of relativistic particles", and introduced the concept of relativistic helical scattering amplitude and corresponding mathematical description for the first time in the world. In the early 1960s, he turned to the theoretical research of nuclear weapons, and made important work for the successful development of China's first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, the theoretical design and finalization of China's strategic nuclear weapons, as well as the subsequent pre research of nuclear weapons and a series of other scientific experiments. Therefore, he won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award together with Peng Huanwu and Deng Jiaxian in 1982.

In 1960, China and the Soviet Union had a bad relationship, and the Soviet Union withdrew the last group of experts. In 1961, at the age of 32, Zhou Guangzhao had just returned from the Soviet Union and was immediately transferred to the Ministry of second machinery. He carefully examined the results of nine calculations of the atomic bomb equation, and found that there was no problem in the calculation, so he began to overthrow the reliability of the Soviet Union's data. After several days of careful study, he finally used the "maximum work" principle to disprove the Soviet Union's data, which proved that it was impossible to achieve such a high pressure after the explosion. In this way, Zhou Guangzhao ended this year's debate with his own efforts, clearing an obstacle in the development of the atomic bomb, which was also his important contribution to the breakthrough of the first atomic bomb. At the end of 1962, Zhou Guangzhao assisted Deng Jiaxian to complete and submit the theoretical design scheme of China's first original bullet.

On October 15, 1964, on the eve of China's atomic bomb test, an urgent telegram was sent to Beijing from Lop Nur, the base. The telegram said that the impurities in a material suddenly exceeded the original design requirements. As a result, Zhou Guangzhao's theoretical group organized calculations all night and stayed up all night until the next morning, when he presented a calculation report to Premier Zhou Enlai: "after calculation, the failure rate of China's first atomic bomb explosion test is less than one in ten thousand." At 3 pm that day, China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully.

Zhou Guangzhao participated in and led the research work of explosion physics, radiation hydrodynamics, high temperature and high pressure physics, two-dimensional hydrodynamics and neutron physics. After 1976, he organized and led the theoretical research work on interaction unification, CP violation, nonlinear σ model, effective Lagrangian theory, supersymmetry breaking, large-scale topological properties of quantum field theory and its connection with anomalies. In this paper, an important theorem of CP violation is strictly proved, and the partial conservation theorem of pseudo vector flow (pcac) is concisely derived, which has become one of the founders of pcac.

As of August 2009, Zhou Guangzhao has published more than 80 papers, including the relative theory of polarized nucleon reaction, partial conservation of pseudoaxial vector flow, and reaction of polarized nucleon with zero static mass.

personnel training

Zhou Guangzhao led the reform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to solve the problem of the disconnection between science and technology and economy, science and technology and education. The original closed and non mobile scientific research system was transformed into an open, mobile, United and competitive new system. He insisted that science and technology must be oriented to economic construction, and economic construction must rely on the principle of science and technology, so as to promote the combination of scientific research and production“ We should promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces, advocate the combination of colleges and universities, create the incentive mechanism and competition mechanism for scientific research talents to stand out, and explore the laws of science and technology itself, the reform of science and technology system, and the opening to the outside world.

Zhou Guangzhao went to nearly 100 cities across the country to give nearly 200 science popularization reports. Every time he went to any place, he stressed the need to keep pace with the times and seize the opportunity for development in combination with local industrial and agricultural production, scientific and technological development, resource and environmental management and protection, and personnel training. He believes that only when scientific and technological knowledge is popularized and scientific spirit is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people can society really enter the scientific era and science and technology really promote the modernization of the country.

Zhou Guangzhao pointed out that without a large, high-quality workforce with advanced knowledge and technology, scientific and technological achievements can not be truly transformed into real productive forces. The Chinese Association for science and technology should pay attention to improving the quality of the vast number of workers. While popularizing scientific knowledge and technology, it should strive to spread scientific ideas and spirit, advocate scientific attitudes and methods, and cultivate the innovative consciousness and ability of the vast number of workers.

Zhou Guangzhao believes that first of all, it is necessary to build a unique national culture, form an optimistic, upward, and striving value orientation in the whole society, and form a good social atmosphere of respecting labor, knowledge, and talents. In addition, cultivating talents not only values the quality of individuals, but also requires the formation of collectives and teams, giving full play to the innovative ability of talent groups, so as to form a representative of the Chinese nation A powerful force to participate in international competition.

Honorary recognition

Social service

Personal life

Zhou Guangzhao's father, Zhou Fengjiu, was the director of Hunan Provincial Highway Bureau. Influenced by his father, he became interested in nature and science since childhood.

Character evaluation

Zhou Guangzhao has done a lot of important work in the research and design of China's first atomic bomb, the first hydrogen bomb and strategic nuclear weapons, and made outstanding contributions to the development of China's physics research, national defense science and technology and scientific undertakings. (review by Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Zhou Guangzhao is one of the founders of the partial conservation theorem of pseudo vector flow. (Science Popularization in China Review)

Zhou Guangzhao is a top physicist with a broad vision, far-reaching influence and quick insight into new ideas. From my (Yang Zhenning) personal point of view, Zhou Guangzhao is a perfect practitioner of Confucianism, not as aggressive as many physicists in the United States, Western Europe and Russia. (preface written by Yang Zhenning for Comrade Guangzhao we know: collection of Zhou Guangzhao's scientific thoughts and spirit)

As a banner of China's scientific and technological circles, academician Zhou Guangzhao has made outstanding contributions to the country's scientific and technological undertakings, national defense undertakings and economic and social development. Academician Zhou Guangzhao's scientific spirit of "pursuing truth and being brave in innovation" and his great family style of "academic equality and supporting the backward" have become valuable spiritual wealth of Chinese scientific circles. His scientific achievements, patriotism and brilliant personality will shine through the history of science and technology in New China

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Guang Zhao