renga

renga

Liange is a unique style of poetry, a kind of "Tangram" in literature, which focuses on the accumulation of sentences and interest, rather than the expression of personal feelings.

origin

Liange was originally a kind of game in which two people sang a harmony song, which began at the end of Heian era. At first, Liange was popular in the court as the aftertaste of Waka. Later, it was widely popular in the public class and became a popular entertainment project. There were long sentences with 50 rhymes and 100 rhymes, namely the so-called "hundred rhyme Liange". In the Kamakura era, there were two schools of Liange, Shiben school and Liben school, whose rivalry lasted for quite a long time. Shiben school was named after the sage of song, Shilu, who advocated adhering to the tradition of Waka and striving for the training of Liange. Although Li Ben school imitates the style of Shi Ben, it opposes being conservative. Most of the members of the former are famous court favorites, while most of the members of the latter are unknown folk singers. Liange is an important part of Japanese song way. In essence, it doesn't and doesn't want to break with Waka completely. What it shows is still the skill that Japanese Song Tao always pays attention to. The epitomizer of Japanese Liange is er Tiao Liang Ji and Zong only. The former compiled Tu Jiu Bo Ji, while the latter compiled new Tu Jiu Bo Ji.

The emergence of Liange was based on the fact that some aristocrats could not bear the shackles of the stale traditional culture and tried to find a way out with folk taste. The first feature of Liange is collective creation, that is, every sentence must be connected with the previous sentence of others, and its turning point is purely accidental, so it requires the author to have a kind of resourcefulness, and at the same time, it also makes Liange get rid of the stagnant tendency of emphasizing emotion. The second feature of Liange is improvisation. The so-called "song way" has its own secret, and the serial song has no certain format since ancient times, but it is the best to arouse the current feeling and interest. It can be seen that the second feature of the serial song is also the need for resourcefulness.

Examples

From the first eight sentences of the famous serial song "shuiwulai Sanyin Baiyun", we can see the taste and characteristics of the serial song

The snow is still lingering, and the foothills are covered with dusk

The mountain village is far away from the river, and the plum blossom is fragrant

River wind blowing willows, spring in front of us; (patriarch)

The sound of oars can be heard far away, and the spring tide is white

The clouds cover the night sky and leave a moon behind

The frost in the morning is all over the field, and the autumn is deep

Though insects are willing to sing, autumn grass is withered

When you come to the fence, you see a way

……

commentary

From the foot of the mountain where the snow has not disappeared, to the mountain where the plum blossoms are blooming, from the spring with the willow leaves drooping, to the lonely autumn scene, Liange shows its artistry with such a variety of Movie Montage like techniques.

Although Liange attaches great importance to skills, what is more noteworthy is that no matter the form or content, Liange shows the common changes of nature and life. For example, Zong only once clearly advocated that Liange is to practice observing the changes of life in the changes of nature. He said: "the only way to sing is to see the flowers and leaves fall with a compassionate heart. If you look at life and death, the ghosts and gods in your heart are also soft. You can return to the true way of original consciousness." "Seeing the flying flowers and fallen leaves, who will think that they will stay in this world and leave them out of the theorem?" Erlian Liangji also pointed out: "Liange is not a combination of reading before and after, nor is it the same as the floating world. It moves according to the situation of high sorrow and happiness. Thinking of yesterday and now, thinking of spring and autumn, thinking of flowers and red leaves, thinking of flying flowers and falling leaves. " It can be seen that Liange is a masterpiece of perceiving life through nature. Today, in Japanese performance, there is still a feature that Liange regards nature and life as the objects of mutual concern. For example, "seven colors flower" has such lyrics: "know the fate of flowers, seven colors, love rainbow. Ah, the infatuated heart only knows how to open Standing by the lake in the mountains, I suddenly think of the pitiful flowers. " In a word, modern performing songs or Hu ballads comprehend the misfortune of love in the "flying flowers and fallen leaves". They teach people to sigh about life from the illusion of nature, to "lament the uselessness" and to "stop thinking". This kind of spirit has an internal connection with the long history of Liange, which is a reflection of the Japanese unique psychological tradition and attitude towards life.

Chinese PinYin : Lian Ge