Wang Chongmin

Wang Chongmin

He studied in Baoding Zhili No.6 middle school in 1921 and was admitted to the Department of Chinese culture of Beijing Normal University in 1924. He majored in literature and history from Gao buying, Yang Shuda and Chen Yuan. After graduating in 1928, he served as the director of the Department of Chinese language and literature of Baoding Hebei University and lecturer of Beijing Furen University. His main work was sorting out ancient books and compiling large-scale bibliography and index in Beihai Library (now Beijing Library).

Ancient philologist Wang Chongmin

brief introduction

Wang Chongmin (1903.1.3 ~ 1975.4.16), Chinese ancient philologist, bibliographer, edition scientist, library science educator and Dunhuang scientist. Zeng alias Jian, the word has three, No. lenglu master. He was born in Gaoyang County, Hebei Province.

Life of the characters

Born on January 3, 1903 in xiliangdian village, Gaoyang, Hebei Province. When Wang Chongmin was in Zhili No.6 middle school in Baoding, he liked to read progressive publications such as new youth and new trend. In 1923, he joined the Socialist Youth League in Beijing and returned to Baoding sixth middle school to set up a Youth League branch. Cao Kun, a warlord of Zhili Province, found him and ordered him to be wanted. In 1924, he changed his name to attach great importance to the people. He took the meaning of "three treasures of the country, people first" and was admitted to Beijing Normal University (later changed to Beijing Normal University)

After graduating in 1928, he was the director of the Department of Chinese language and literature of Baoding Hebei University and a lecturer of Beijing Furen University. His main work was sorting out ancient books and hosting large-scale bibliography and index in Beihai Library (now Beijing Library). In 1930, he was a member of the Compilation Committee and head of the index group of the library. In 1934, he was sent abroad to search for valuable documents in famous libraries in France, Britain, Germany, Italy and the United States. In April 1937, she married Ms. Liu xiuye in Paris, France. In 1939, he was employed by the library of Congress to collect rare Chinese ancient books. After returning to China in 1947, he still worked in the library of Peking University. He was also a professor in the Chinese Department of Peking University and presided over the teaching of the library science group of the Department. In 1947, he founded a college of Library Science in the Department of Chinese literature of Peking University. After the peaceful liberation of Peiping in 1949, he also served as the deputy director of Beijing Library. In 1952, he resigned from Beijing Library, specializing in teaching. In addition to presiding over the Department Affairs, he also taught bibliography and other courses, cultivating a large number of professionals for new China. In 1956, he was the director of the Library Department of Peking University. Presided over the formulation of the national library science development plan. In 1957, Wang Chongmin, together with Huang Xianyu, Xiang Da, Lei Haizong and Chen Mengjia, was also called the five Rightists in the field of history for giving advice to the military representatives of the Beijing Library and individual leaders in charge of cultural work. He was demoted, reduced his salary and removed from the post of department head. He only took off his hat in 1961.

At the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", Mr. Wang Chongmin was naturally put into the "cowshed". In the section of "Mr. cowshed" in the anecdote of "Mr. cowshed". In the cowshed, criminals like them write thought reports every day. One day, during his regular evening lecture, Mr. Wang Chongmin was called out of the team. First he was slapped in the face, and then he was beaten to the ground and knelt there. It turned out that Mr. Wang used rough toilet paper to write his thought report and handed it to the "jailer". Mr. Ji wrote: "in the gloomy environment at that time, I had nothing to be happy about. Such a thing really made me happy. I don't know. The professor was confused for a moment. He didn't have any other paper on hand. He only used toilet paper? Or did he eat the heart of a leopard and make fun of this group of arrogant, arrogant and self respecting prison guards? If it is the latter, he simply regards this general ugly person with the power of life and death as a piece of grass. It can be recorded in the popular notes of the old society. I sweat for him and admire him secretly. He's a hero in the cowshed. He's a relief for our group of prisoners. "

other

Contribution Summary

Wang Chongmin devoted his life to the study of many subjects in the field of literature and history, and wrote a lot of books and papers. Its main achievements are as follows. One is to study and teach bibliography. He taught general bibliography, history of Chinese bibliography, edition of Chinese catalogues and Chinese Classical Bibliography in the Department of Library Science and Department of Chinese at Peking University. His works include general bibliography (1957), treatise on the history of Chinese Bibliography (1984) and general explanation of collation (1987). His achievements in studying the history of Chinese bibliography for many years are included in Lun Cong. Second, compile and edit a large number of index. Abstract of Chinese rare books (1983), index of Dunhuang posthumous books (1962), classified index of Qing Dynasty anthologies (1935), index of Chinese Studies papers (1929), index of Chinese Studies papers (1931-1934), index of Chinese Studies papers (1930-1933) and so on are the main subjects of literature and history research Refer to reference books. The third is to collect, study and introduce the precious Chinese literature scattered abroad. He sorted out a large number of precious Chinese documents collected abroad from 1934 to 1945, and did a lot of research on Dunhuang documents. He wrote Dunhuang ancient books (1958), Dunhuang posthumous documents (1984), Dunhuang Quzi CI (1950), Dunhuang Bianwen (1957), and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom official documents (1936). In his book on books and libraries (1949), he also collected many foreign visiting secretaries. The fourth is to collate the cultural heritage. He collected, collated, collated and published Xu Guangqi's collection (1962), sun Yuanru's collection (1932), yuemantang's collection (1930), etc. In addition, Wang Chongmin also wrote biography of Xu Guangqi (1981) and textual research on Mr. Li yueman's works (1932).

The death of Wang Chongmin

In 1974, the movement of "criticizing Lin, criticizing Kong" and "criticizing Confucianism" came to a climax, and Mr. Wang Chongmin's knowledge of ancient book catalogue and edition science was suddenly favored.

Li Zhi is a thinker of Ming Dynasty and a representative of Legalists who is widely praised in "criticizing Legalists and Confucianism". At this time, it came that in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, a new work of Li Zhi, Shi Gang Ping Yao, was discovered. In June 1974, Jiang Qing announced excitedly at a "report meeting on the history of the struggle between Confucianism and Legalism" in Tianjin that "a review of the outline of history by Li zhuowu (Zhi) has been discovered and is now ready to be published.". However, after some expert identification, this book is not Li Zhi's work, but a fake "Fake Book". This conclusion was a great disappointment to the parties concerned, so they thought of Wang Chongmin, the catalogue, the authority of the edition and professor of Peking University. Peking University and Tsinghua University are the "two schools" in the "six factories and two schools" of Mao Zedong's "Cultural Revolution Model", and the leaders of the "two schools" are the extraordinary figures of "Tongtian". The appraisal of this book is directly in the charge of the leaders of the "two schools" and requires Wang Chongmin to make another appraisal. They know that Mr. Wang's words in this respect are superb. If he says it's not a fake book, he can calm people down. However, the result of Mr. Wang Chongmin's identification is also false, which greatly disappointed them. But they are still unwilling to ask Wang to continue "research" in the library. In fact, they want him to understand that this is a "political task" and ask him to come to a conclusion consistent with political needs. Unexpectedly, after several months of research, Mr. Wang was "ignorant of current affairs" and found more evidence to prove that it was a fake book. Mr. Wang's wife, Ms. Liu xiuye, recalled in the chronology of Professor Wang Chongmin's life and academic activities (library science research, No. 5, 1985) that the leaders of the "two schools" pointed at Wang and asked angrily, "what's the advantage for you to say that this book is a Fake Book?"

At 2:00 p.m. on April 15, 1975, Peking University held a meeting to criticize Wang for corrupting party members and cadres with bourgeois ideology. After the meeting, the department leaders also talked to him and asked him what he felt after hearing the speech. When he came home to see his wife, Mr. Wang was so sad and indignant that he couldn't stop crying. In the evening, the Department sent another person to his home, still stressing that he should "examine the bourgeois thoughts in his mind.". At this time, the recurrence of coronary heart disease, Mr. Wang replied with a weak voice: "I can no longer do the thought examination.". However, the visitor still stressed that he must have an examination before leaving. This night, Mr. Wang has not been able to sleep, the next morning, as usual, said to relatives to go out for a walk. This time, however, he never came back. Ms. Liu xiuye recalled that his relatives and colleagues searched around. Late at night, they found that he "committed suicide in the summer palace corridor following Mr. Wang Guowei's footsteps. When he found his body, he left a letter to me saying," I'm dead. It's not good for my family. I don't want ashes anymore. "" before he left, he put down a watch he used to use and a copy of Li zhuowu on his desk When I think about it later, the reason why he put down the biography of Li zhuowu is profound. First, he refused to flatter the gang of four for Li zhuowu's affairs. Second, Li zhuowu was slandered by those in power in the late Ming Dynasty and committed suicide in prison. A few years ago, he was beaten to the ground and knelt down in a cowshed. He could bear it in silence. At this time, he just held a meeting to criticize and write about the inspection, but he didn't add up his fists and feet

Chinese PinYin : Wang Zhong Min