Shun

Shun

Shun (about 2187-2067 BC), the eighth grandson of Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan. Yao surname, GUI's, name Chonghua, word dujun, was born in Yaoxu (today's juancheng County, Shandong Province), said Zhufeng (today's cities in Shandong Province). One of the common ancestors of the Chinese nation, one of the "Three Emperors and five emperors".

He was born with two pupils, filial and friendly, and good at making pottery. It was recommended by Siyue, and after a lot of tests, it was recognized by Tang Yao and the Zen position (not recorded as abdication in the year of secretary Zhu and Han Feizi) was established in Osaka (now Yongji, Shanxi Province). After he ascended the throne, he humbly accepted admonition, punished the treacherous and sycophants, exiled the four evildoers (Gonggong, Baidou, Sanmiao and GaN); appointed the virtuous and capable, and prospered in all fields (gaotao managed five punishments, Dayu managed water conservancy, Houji agriculture and Qie five religions), which created a situation of harmony between the government and the people, and became the most powerful tribal alliance leader in the Central Plains. In his later years, following the arrangement and suggestions of the four mountains, Zen was located in Dayu, traveled around the world by car, died in Cangwu County, and was buried in Jiuyi mountain. His posthumous title was Shun, and he was called Emperor Shun, Yushun and Shun in history.

Emperor Shun is the originator of Chinese moral culture. According to the records of the historian, "all the virtues of the world began with Yushun.". The soul of Emperor Shun's cultural spirit, which can be called "morality first and emphasis on education", has become an important promoter of the historical transition period from barbarism to civilization and one of the three milestones of Chinese culture.

Life of the characters

Shun: the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late patrilineal clan society, surnamed Yao and named Chonghua, was founded in Puban (today's Yongji City, Shanxi Province). He was one of the five emperors and was regarded as the most holy of China.

According to Yuanhe surname Zuan, "Yao was born in Yaoxu. It is said that he was born in Zhufeng. His descendants take Yao as their surname."

In the book of the new Tang Dynasty, the lineage of the Prime Minister: "the surname of Yao, Yushun was born in Yaoxu, because he thought it was his surname." "After Shun, Hu Gong GUI was granted the title of Marquis of Sui Dynasty. He was born to sun Jingzhong and became a member of the Tian family in Qi. Later, he lived in Lu and Tianfeng, and Wang mangfeng was granted the title of Marquis of Sui Dynasty. After Shun, Zihui fled the chaos and moved across the river to Wujun, where he changed his surname to GUI. In the Five Dynasties, Sun Fu changed his surname to Yao and lived in Wuxing Wukang. "

In the period of Jingyou in the Northern Song Dynasty, Shao Si's explanation of surnames recorded: "girls are surnames, so the characters of surnames are mostly female. Yu Shun was born in Yao, so he took Yao as his surname

It is recorded in the dialectics of ancient and modern surname books and Tongzhi · clan brief that Yu has two surnames, Yao Yuegui. Yao Xu's family name is Yao because of his birth and GUI Shui's residence. So Yao Hui changed his surname to GUI, and GUI Hao changed his surname to Yao. He knew that Yao could communicate with GUI. "

"Shang Shu" says: "virtue comes from Shun Ming." According to the book of Shangshu Yao Dian, Shun "Yao Li surrendered his two daughters to Gui Gui and his concubines to Yu." Yao married his two daughters to him.

According to the historical records of the five emperors, all the virtues of the Ming Dynasty began with Emperor Yu Emperor Shun, also known as emperor Yuhe in ancient history, is one of the five surnames.

According to Shangshu, Shiji and other related classics, Yushun's conduct of life, governance and administration were all guided by morality and harmony. He pursued harmony, peace and harmony all his life, and his connotation of harmony was very rich.

It is said that his name is Youyu's, Yao's surname is GUI's, his name is Chonghua, his word is dujun, and his posthumous title is "Shun". Because of the country's name "Yu", it is also called Yushun. He is the sixth grandson of emperor Zhuan Xu (Zhuan Xu - qiongchan - Jingkang - gouwang - qiaoniu - wusou - Chonghua). He has been a civilian ever since his fifth ancestor, qiongchan. Emperor Shun was persecuted by his father gusou, his stepmother and his stepmother's son Xiang when he was a child. After many hardships, he was still kind, filial to his parents, and took good care of his brother Xiang. Therefore, he was praised by the people. Shun was born in Yaoxu (now Pucheng Town, fan County, Puyang City, Henan Province), fished and hunted in Leize (now Pucheng Town, fan County, Puyang City, Henan Province), fired pottery on the Bank of the Yellow River, and did business in dunqiu (now Qingfeng County, Puyang City, Henan Province). Because of his noble character, he has a great reputation among the people.

He was farming in Lishan (now juancheng County, Shandong Province, which disappeared due to the deposition of the Yellow River). The local people no longer fought for the boundary of the land, but they were very humble to each other. People are willing to live close to him and gather in a village in two or three years. At that time, the leader of the tribal alliance, Emperor Yao, was very old and wanted to choose his successor. The four mountains unanimously elected Shun. Therefore, Yao married his two daughters, e Huang Nu Ying, to shun, and asked nine men to serve him to see his virtue. He also asked Shun to take charge of the Five Canons, manage all officials, and welcome guests. He was ordered to govern the country.

Before Shun became emperor, Siyue (the leader of the four tribes) recommended Shun to Emperor Yao. Yao married his two daughters to him and let them live by the Gui River. Some of their descendants stayed by the Gui River and took GUI as their surname. See also Shun culture and Yushun culture. Shun, one of the five emperors, was born in Yao. His descendants took his place of residence as their surname and called it Yao. It was handed down from generation to generation and was called Yao's Orthodox in history. Therefore, Yao, Yu, Chen, Hu and Tian were called "five surnames of Gui" in history. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, GUI Hao, who was the Minister of the central government, also changed back to Yao, the earliest surname of his family.

Yao abdicated the throne to Shun and died 28 years later. Shun selected the virtuous and appointed the capable, used "eight kais" and "eight yuan" to govern the civil affairs, banished "four evils", appointed Yu to control the flood, and completed the unfinished business of Yao. It is said that he patrolled all directions to rectify the etiquette system and reduce the penalty. The people are required to be "virtuous and far away from sycophants", "straight and warm, broad and chestnut, rigid but not abusive, simple but not arrogant", filial to their parents and harmonious neighbors. Under his administration, the political and religious activities were carried out in all directions, and Shun Gong was praised all over the world. "The doctrine of the mean" Confucius said: "Shun, his great knowledge is also related to the sun! Shun is easy to ask questions and to observe your words. He conceals evil and praises good. He holds both ends and applies them to the people. He thought Shun was the king It is said that he died in the field of Cangwu on the way to the South and was buried in Jiuyi mountain (now Ningyuan County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province).

"From the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, the lineage of the Xia Dynasty was very clear, with 17 kings." The national "Xia Shang Zhou dating project" and "Chinese civilization exploration project" scientists and experts believe that "Xia is the earliest Dynasty, but the origin of Chinese civilization is far ahead of it."

Yu and Shun are inseparable, when some people still hold Mr. Gu Jiegang's "textual research" of the "big worm" to question the history of ancient Chinese civilization, who knows, in the 2000-3000 years before Yao, Shun and Yu, China already had a large-scale city of Yangshao culture (such as Xishan ancient city of Zhengzhou). In the period from 3000 BC to 2000 BC ("this period is about the period of Yao and Shun in terms of historical legend"), there are many ancient cities. In some places, it can even be said that there are many ancient cities; the symbols on some pottery and jade "if it has nothing to do with words, I'm afraid it's not easy to say"; China also has ceremonial tombs; there are copper based alloys containing zinc and copper based alloys containing lead, that is, there are bronzes and bronzes. "By the Xia Dynasty, bronzes were widely used." The above-mentioned four are universally recognized symbols of "civilization".

name

Shuangtong said: Shun's eyes are both Shuangtong Ren, so it's named Chonghua. It is recorded in shangshuwei · Di Mingyan that "Yao Shi Zonghua is a sentimental pivot." Zheng Xuan's note: "Shun's mother felt the essence of the pivot star and was born Shun Chonghua."

family circumstances

Shun's family was poor, so he engaged in all kinds of physical labor and experienced ups and downs. He worked and planted in Lishan of the five emperors, fished in Leize, and made pottery on the Bank of the Yellow River. In the process of these works, because Shun's virtue constantly infected the people around him, all the places where Shun worked would soon develop into a rich and prosperous place with good people's atmosphere.

famous

It is said that Shun was very famous when he was 20 years old. He was famous for his filial piety. Because of his filial piety to his parents who abused and persecuted him, he was called Yang in his youth. Ten years later, Yao asked Siyue (the head of the four Princes) for a successor, and Siyue recommended Shun.

Yao married his two daughters to shun to examine his character and ability. Shun not only made the two daughters live in harmony with the whole family, but also showed their talent and noble personality in all aspects. "Shun plowed Lishan, and all the people in Lishan gave way to the riverside; Yu Leize, and all the people in Leize gave way to the riverside." as long as it was the place where he worked, there was a trend of comity. "Pottery riverside, Riverside ware are not bitter and bad." making pottery can also drive the people around to work hard and improve We should strive for perfection and put an end to the phenomenon of rough manufacturing. Wherever he went, people were willing to follow him, so "he lived in a village in one year, a city in two years, and Chengdu in three years.". Yao was very happy to learn about this. He gave Shun Yi (xigebuyi) and Qin, cattle and sheep, and built a barn for him.

reusing

Shun got these rewards. The old man and the elephant were very jealous. They wanted to kill Shun and seize the property. He asked Shun to repair the roof of the barn, but set the barn on fire below. Relying on two bamboo hats as wings, Shun jumped from the house and survived. Later, he asked Shun to dig a well. The well was very deep, but he and Xiang filled it with earth. They wanted to plug the well and bury Shun alive in it. Thanks to shun's vigilance, he dug a passage beside the shaft and went through the passage to hide for a period of time. He and Xiang thought that the plot was successful. Xiang said that he had come up with the idea of sharing things with Qin, Yao's two daughters as his wife, and the cattle, sheep and barn to his parents. Xiang lived in Shun's house and played Shun's piano. When Shun went to see him, Xiang was surprised. The eldest was not happy, but he said, "I think Shun is Yutao!" Shun, as always, was filial to his parents and friendly to his brothers, and he was more sincere and cautious than before.

Later, Yao asked Shun to participate in political affairs, manage officials, receive guests, and undergo various trials. Shun not only dealt with political affairs in an orderly way, but also improved in the employment. The "eight yuan" and "eight Kai", which Yao failed to use, had long been well-known, which made the "eight yuan" manage the education and the "eight Kai" manage the land;

Chinese PinYin : Shun Di