Xiao Hong

Xiao Hong

Xiao Hong (June 1, 1911 - January 22, 1942), a modern Chinese woman writer, is known as the "literary God of the 1930s". Her real name was Zhang xiuhuan. Later, she changed her name to Zhang Zhuoying. The pseudonyms are Xiao Hong, Jingyin, Lingling, Tian Di, etc.

In 1911, he was born into a landlord family in Hulan District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province. He lost his mother when he was young. In 1932, I met Xiao Jun. In 1933, he published his first novel, abandoned child, under the pseudonym of whispering. In 1935, with the support of Lu Xun, he published his famous work the field of life and death. In 1936, he went to Japan and wrote prose "lonely life" and long poem series "sand". In 1940, he arrived in Hong Kong with Duanmu Hongliang, and later published the novella Ma bole and the novel biography of Hulan River. On January 22, 1942, he died of tuberculosis and malignant tracheectasis in Hong Kong. He was only 31 years old.

Life of the characters

Early experience

On June 1, 1911 (the third year of Xuantong), Xiao Hong was born in Zhangjia courtyard, south of Longwangmiao Road, Hulan County, Heilongjiang Province (now Hulan District, Harbin City).

In 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China), her grandfather changed Xiao Hong's original name to Zhang Zhuoying.

In 1919, her mother, Jiang Yulan, died of cholera. His father Zhang Tingju continued to marry Liang Yalan, Xiao Hong's stepmother.

In 1920 (the ninth year of the Republic of China), she entered the female class of B agricultural school in Hulan county (commonly known as Longwangmiao primary school, now known as Xiaohong primary school) to study in junior high school.

In 1924 (the 13th year of the Republic of China), she entered Beiguan junior and senior primary school, where she was enrolled in senior primary school. Later, he transferred to Hulan No.1 women's junior and senior primary school.

In 1927 (the 16th year of the Republic of China), he entered the No.1 girls' Middle School of Harbin East Province (now Harbin No.6 middle school and Xiaohong middle school). Xiao Hong likes literature and painting, and has published Lyric Poems in the school journal.

In 1928 (the 17th year of the Republic of China), the Harbin student union for maintaining the right of way launched a demonstration against Japanese Road guards, namely the "1919" movement. Xiao Hong took part in the March and took the initiative to act as a propagandist.

In 1929 (the 18th year of the Republic of China), her grandfather died. Xiao Hong was very sad because his grandfather was her closest friend. After her grandfather died, she had no feelings and nostalgia for her family.

In 1930 (the 19th year of the Republic of China), he graduated from junior high school and left Beiping regardless of his family's opposition. He entered the first grade of Senior High School of women's normal college affiliated to Beiping University. Without family support, life soon fell into a dilemma.

In January 1931 (the 20th year of the Republic of China), he left Beiping during the winter vacation and returned to Hulan, where he was placed under house arrest. At the end of February, he went to Peiping again, and soon his fiance Wang Enjia caught up with him. In the middle of March, they left Beiping for Harbin together. Wang Enjia's brother, Wang Dacheng, is dissatisfied with Xiao Hong's going to Beiping to study. On behalf of her younger brother, she breaks her engagement with Xiao Hong. Xiao Hong goes to the court to sue Wang Dacheng. In order to take care of his brother's reputation, Wang Enjia disobeyed his heart and admitted that it was his own opinion to terminate the engagement. After losing the lawsuit, Xiao Hong returned to Hulan and moved with her family to Fuchang village, Acheng county (now Minzhu Township, Daowai District, Harbin City), and was forced to be isolated from the outside world.

In October 1931 (the 20th year of the Republic of China), he fled from Fuchang to Harbin via Acheng. A month later, he and Wang Enjia went to dongxingshun Hotel on Daowai 16th Street to live together. Half a year later, Xiao Hong became pregnant and was in labor. Wang Enjia left without saying goodbye. Xiao Hong wrote to Pei Xinyuan, a supplement to Harbin International Association, for help. Pei Xinyuan sent Xiao Jun to the hotel many times to send books to Xiao Hong. So Xiao Hong got to know Xiao Jun.

On August 7, 1932 (the 21st year of the Republic of China), the Songhua river burst its dike and flooded the city. Because Xiao Hong owed too much money, the hotel refused to let Xiao Hong leave. Xiao Jun takes advantage of the night to rent a small boat, uses the rope to rescue Xiao Hong, and goes to Pei Xinyuan's house to stay temporarily. Soon Xiao Hong was admitted to the hospital for childbirth. After her child was born, she was sent away because she was unable to support her, and then died prematurely. After they were discharged from hospital, they stayed in Europa Hotel in Daoli Xincheng Street (now Daoli Shangzhi Street) and began to live together. Because they had no fixed income, they barely lived on Xiao Jun's tutoring and debt.

In November 1932 (the 21st year of the Republic of China), Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun moved out of Europa Hotel and settled down at No. 25, Shangshi street, Daoli District (now No. 25, Hongxia street, Daoli District).

literature

In March 1933 (the 22nd year of the Republic of China), he participated in the disaster relief painting exhibition organized by Jin Jianxiao, a member of the Communist Party of China. In April, she published the novel "abandoned child" under the pseudonym of quietly singing, which is the earliest literary work of Xiao Hong. Later, he published many works and embarked on the literary journey.

In July 1933 (the 22nd year of the Republic of China), he and Xiao Jun, Bai Lang, Shu Qun and others acted as actors in the Anti Japanese performance group "star Troupe" to support the Anti Japanese war. Due to the attention of the enemy and puppet secret service, the troupe was dissolved before the public performance.

In October 1933 (the 22nd year of the Republic of China), with the help of Shu Qun and others, trudge, a collection of novels and essays co authored by Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun, was published in Harbin at his own expense. Xiao Hong signed quietly, and Xiao Jun signed Sanlang. The publication of trekking caused a great sensation in Northeast China and won wide praise from readers. It also laid a solid foundation for Xiao Hong to continue her literary creation.

In June 1934 (the 23rd year of the Republic of China), because most of the works in trekking exposed the darkness of the society under the rule of the Japanese puppets, praised the people's awakening and resistance, with a bright realistic progressive color, which aroused the suspicion of the secret service. In order to avoid persecution, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun, with the help of the underground party organization of the Communist Party of China, fled Harbin and arrived in Qingdao by boat via Dalian. On the day before the Dragon Boat Festival, Shu Qun and his wife met them at Dagang wharf and lived together at 1 Guanxiang 1st road. Xiao Jun was the editor in chief of Qingdao morning post, and Xiao Hong finished the famous novella the field of life and death. During this time, they got in touch with Mr. Lu Xun in Shanghai, got his guidance and encouragement, and were praised as two more powerful writers in Chinese left-wing literature.

In November 1934, Xiao Hong, Xiao Jun and the writer Zhang Meilin left Qingdao and arrived in Shanghai. In Shanghai, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun often visited Lu Xun's home and asked him for advice. Lu Xun specially introduced them to Mao Dun, Nie Gannu, Ye Zi, Hu Feng and other left-wing writers. These people later became Xiao Hong's good friends and had a certain impact on her creation and life. Lu Xun and Xu Guangping not only instruct them in their creation, but also care about their life. Soon after, Xiao Hong, Xiao Jun and Ye Zi formed a "slave society" with the support of Lu Xun.

In December 1935 (the twenty fourth year of the Republic of China), the field of life and death was published by Shanghai Rongguang publishing house in the name of "slave series" under the signature of "Xiao Hong". Lu Xun wrote the preface and Hu Feng wrote the postscript for her. Her works caused a great sensation and strong repercussion in the literary world, and Xiao Hong became famous at one stroke.

On June 15, 1936 (the 25th year of the Republic of China), Xiao Hong, as one of the original initiators, and 67 writers, such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Ba Jin and Yi Qun, jointly signed and issued the declaration of Chinese literary and art workers, opposing the civil war, calling on patriotic literary and art workers to play a progressive role, create excellent works, take active action, and fight for the liberation of the motherland and national independence.

In July 1936 (the 25th year of the Republic of China), due to the emotional rift with Xiao Jun, in order to find relief and ease the contradiction, Xiao Hong went to Japan alone.

On October 19, 1936, Lu Xun died in Shanghai. In memory of Xiao Hong and many other works published abroad.

In January 1937 (the 26th year of the Republic of China), Xiao Hong returned from Japan and went to Shanghai to pay a visit to Lu Xun's tomb at Wanguo cemetery to express her sorrow. In March, he wrote the poem of paying homage to the tomb for Mr. Lu Xun, which was published in literature and art on April 23. In April, he went to Peiping to meet his old friends Li Jiewu (Li Mingwu) and Shu Qun, and then returned to Shanghai. At this time, his relationship with Xiao Jun improved, and he participated in the data collection of Xiao Jun's Memorial Collection of Mr. Lu Xun.

On July 7, 1937, the Lugouqiao Incident broke out. On August 13, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai on a large scale. Regardless of the danger, Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun helped Japanese progressive writers ludigan and Yuko Ikeda escape the search of the secret service and protect their safe transfer.

In September 1937 (the 26th year of the Republic of China), Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun withdrew to Wuhan, met the famous young poet Jiang Xijin, and lived in his apartment at No. 25, xiaojinlong lane, shuiluqian street, Wuchang. Soon, Duanmu Hongliang, a young writer from Northeast China, moved to live with them. Xiao Hong, Xiao Jun and other young writers, such as Shu Qun, Bai Lang, Luo Feng and Kong luosun, who were exiled from Northeast China to Wuhan, actively participated in the Anti Japanese War literary activities, and formed a very influential group of northeast writers in Wuhan. Xiao Hong created many works with the theme of Anti Japanese, such as the embellishment of the sky, night of insomnia, in Tokyo, two chapters outside the line of fire: by the window, little life and soldiers, which played a positive role in promoting the Anti Japanese war.

In January 1938 (the 27th year of the Republic of China), Xiao Hong, Xiao Jun, Nie Gannu, Ai Qing, Tian Tian, Duanmu Hongliang and others, at the invitation of Li Gongpu, vice president of Minzu University, left Wuhan to teach in Linfen Minzu University of Shanxi Province as literature and art instructors. In February, the situation in Linfen was tense. Xiao Hong and Duanmu Hongliang came to Xi'an with the northwest battlefield service group led by Ding Ling. In April, Xiao Hong and Duanmu Hongliang returned to Wuhan together. In May, they married in Wuhan.

In November 1938 (the 27th year of the Republic of China), Xiao Hong gave birth to a son in Jiangjin Bailang's family

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Hong