ZHOU Jianren

ZHOU Jianren

ZHOU Jianren (November 12, 1888 - July 29, 1984) was born in Fangkou, Duchang, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. His first name was Songshou and his first name was asUNG. Later, his name was changed to Jianren and his name was Qiaofeng. He was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. His pseudonyms are Keshi, Gaoshan, Li Zheng, sun Zha, etc. (the little brother in kite.)

ZHOU Jianren is one of the founders of the China Association for the promotion of democracy, a famous modern social activist, biologist, Lu Xun research expert and one of the pioneers of the women's liberation movement. There is a biography of the same name. In 1919, ZHOU Jianren moved to Beijing. For 23 years, he devoted himself to studying biology and engaged in translation. He published articles in Oriental journal, women's journal and natural science journal, advocating women's Liberation and popularizing scientific knowledge.

In 1923, at the invitation of Qu Qiubai, he taught the theory of evolution in Shanghai University. He was a professor in Jinan University and Anhui University.

ZHOU Jianren died in Beijing on July 29, 1984.

Life of the characters

Self taught

Born on November 12, 1888, in Fangkou, Duchang, Shaoxing. He was born at a time when China's feudal society was about to collapse. Soon he met with a family accident and his father died early. The two elder brothers went to Nanjing Road and mining school and soon went to Japan, leaving ZHOU Jianren to serve his mother at home. Originally, ZHOU Jianren was very eager to study and had the opportunity to study in Nanjing. But when I saw my mother at home alone, I couldn't bear it. At last, I didn't go out to school any more, and I will rely on self-study in the future. In 1905, he was a teacher and principal of Shaoxing Seng Li primary school. During this period, he studied plant biology and wrote a collection of things in Kuaiji mountain. After 1909, he took part in various progressive activities organized by his brother Lu Xun and joined the Yue society, a literary group. He has been teaching in Shaoxing primary school, Shaoxing Mingdao girls' school and Chengzhang girls' school.

Related stories

In 1919, ZHOU Jianren moved to Beijing. In 1920, he joined Peking University to study philosophy. The next year, he went to Shanghai to work as a compiler of Shanghai Commercial Press. During the 23 years, he devoted himself to studying biology and engaged in translation. He published articles in Oriental journal, women's Journal and natural science journal, advocating women's Liberation and popularizing scientific knowledge. In 1923, at the invitation of Qu Qiubai, he taught evolution theory in Shanghai University, and successively served as professors in Shenzhou University, Shanghai Jinan University and Anhui University. ZHOU Jianren paid close attention to the issue of Chinese women, and worshipped Qiu Jin, a martyr of modern democratic revolution, long before the revolution of 1911. After the May 4th movement, he continued to advocate equality between men and women, and advocated that women should have the same equal rights as men. He was one of the pioneers of modern women's Liberation Movement in China. In 1920, he organized the women's issues research association with Hu Yuzhi and Zhou Zuoren, and published the women's issues research declaration in the supplement of Beijing Morning Post, which expounded women's struggle for political and economic freedom and independence The relationship between the establishment and liberation has become a famous literature of women's movement in China since the May 4th movement. From 1920 to 1930, ZHOU Jianren published a large number of articles on women's issues, which had a great social impact. At the same time, together with Song Qingling, Cai Yuanpei and Lu Xun, he supported the people's revolutionary cause led by the Communist Party of China, organized progressive groups and rescued the arrested Communists and progressives. After the failure of the great revolution, he often served as a communication and cover for the communication between Lu Xun and the Communist Party of China, and under the guidance of Lu Xun and others, he joined the "charity" and the liberal movement alliance. In 1932, he participated in the preparatory work of the China Civil Rights Protection League and served as the central investigator of the league.

Join in the Anti Japanese War

During the Anti Japanese War, ZHOU Jianren supported the Anti Japanese national united front of the Communist Party of China, joined in the Anti Japanese national salvation movement, and signed and issued the national salvation declaration against the surrender policy of the Kuomintang many times with the progressive cultural circles. He organized Marxist Leninist reading clubs among patriotic intellectuals in Shanghai and cultural and educational circles, uniting progressives and upholding the struggle for national liberation. after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, ZHOU Jianren served as life bookstore and new knowledge bookstore. He joined the patriotic democratic movement and wrote articles criticizing the government's policy of betraying the country, dictatorship and civil war, advocating "Sinicization of science, scientization of China and democratization of society". In addition, he wrote a lot of articles about Lu Xun, which played a positive role in Studying Lu Xun and promoting his fighting spirit.

Establishment of democratic Association

In December 1945, ZHOU Jianren, together with Ma Xulun, Wang Shaofan, Xu Guangping and Lin Handa, initiated the establishment of the China Association for the promotion of democracy in Shanghai and was elected as the first council member. In May 1946, 53 people's organizations in Shanghai, in order to expand peaceful and democratic forces and further carry out the struggle against dictatorship and civil war, formed the Shanghai People's organizations Federation, and ZHOU Jianren was elected as its director. On June 23 of the same year, 50000 people in Shanghai gathered at Shanghai north railway station to welcome the peace petition delegation headed by Ma Xulun to Nanjing and hold a massive demonstration. ZHOU Jianren was not afraid of violence, avoided difficulties and dangers, and always took the lead in the procession. Under the condition of white terror, ZHOU Jianren joined the Communist Party of China in April 1948. In the autumn of the same year, the whole family arrived in the liberated areas secretly and was warmly welcomed by the leaders of the CPC Central Committee. In September 1949, ZHOU Jianren, as a representative of the China Association for the promotion of democracy, attended the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and the Organizing Committee of the draft Organic Law of the government.

Previous positions

After the founding of new China, ZHOU Jianren successively served as deputy director of the General Administration of publication of the Central People's government, Vice Minister of the Ministry of higher education, vice chairman of Zhejiang Provincial People's government and governor of Zhejiang Province. ZHOU Jianren was also elected as a member of the 9th-11th CPC Central Committee, a member of the first and second NPC Standing Committees, a vice chairman of the third-5th NPC Standing Committee, a member of the second, third and fourth CPPCC Standing Committee, and a vice chairman of the fifth and sixth CPPCC. ZHOU Jianren has been the leader of the China Association for the promotion of democracy for a long time. He has successively served as the first and second council members of the DPP and the third executive director of the Central Committee. In December 1954, he was co elected as the third vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, and successively served as the fourth and fifth vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party. In July 1966, he served as the acting chairman and was re elected as the sixth and seventh chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party.

Simple funeral

He died in Beijing on July 29, 1984 at the age of 96. Before dying, he left a will: "the funeral after me should be simple, and the custom of traditional culture and etiquette should be changed. Now we are all working hard to build socialist modernization. Capital is very precious and time is also very precious. We can't spend our country's money on funerals or waste our time. After my death, I don't want to hold a memorial service or a farewell ceremony. My body will be handed over to the medical school for doctors to dissect. Finally, the ashes were scattered in the river and sea. This is how the ashes of the great revolutionary mentor Engels were dealt with. As Marxists, we should learn from his thorough revolutionary spirit. "

Academic career

In 1912, after teaching, ZHOU Jianren and Lu Xun often went to Tashan, Fushan, Jishan, Yuling, Lanting, Donghu and other places to collect specimens. Later, he wrote the records of picking things in Kuaiji mountain and the records of watching tides in front of Zhentang. When they were published, they were collectively known as the records of travels in 1911. They were published in the first volume of yueshe series published in February 1912 and signed as "Kuaiji ZHOU Jianren Qiao Feng". From then on, ZHOU Jianren began his life of popular science writing. At the end of 1919, ZHOU Jianren moved to Beijing with his mother and his family. The next year, Lu Xun introduced him to Peking University to study philosophy. In October 1921, recommended by Lu Xun and others, ZHOU Jianren worked in Shanghai Commercial Press for 23 years. During this period, he served as the director of animal and plant textbooks and Natural Science Series in primary and secondary schools. The textbooks compiled by him are lively, illustrated and well written. They have been adopted by primary and secondary schools all over the country for a long time and play an important role in popularizing scientific knowledge. In May 1930, he published the Book Evolution and degradation. During this period, he wrote many popular science sketches. He is a self-taught popular science writer. After the liberation of Peiping, the North China People's government was established, and ZHOU Jianren served as the deputy director of the Textbook Editing Committee of the Ministry of education of the North China People's government. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he was appointed deputy director of the General Administration of publication of the Central People's government. After liberation, he continued to study natural science and philosophy in spite of his busy administrative work. Shortly after liberation, he translated Darwin's famous book the origin of species in cooperation with ye dupeng and Fang Zongxi. He also wrote many popular science sketches for newspapers and magazines, such as "about pandas" and "Pan Shuo Hu". Later, these scientific sketches were integrated into a pamphlet called "miscellany of science", which was published by Zhejiang People's Publishing House in 1962. He also offered a series of lectures for cadres in Beijing to talk about various issues of natural science. Some of the most important natural science works published after liberation include: a brief introduction to the evolution of life, on eugenics and racial discrimination, fields and weeds, etc. After liberation, he paid more attention to the study of philosophy and ideological revolution. In his later years (since 1970), he suffered from fundus hemorrhage. He often read with a magnifying glass and drew some pictures of plants. As a result, he became blind in both eyes. However, he still did not give up his study. After his blindness, he continued to write, sometimes several lines of words were put together. He always felt that the problem in China was that the people's cultural quality was too low, they did not understand science, they did not speak of science, and feudal superstition was still widespread. Therefore, he called for universal education and scientific knowledge. He wrote the words of a veteran on the scientific front, which he gave to the whole country in 1978

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Jian Ren