Wen he

Jia Xu

Jia Xu (147-223, August 11) was born in guzang County, Wuwei County (now Wuwei City, Gansu Province). At the end of Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was the son of Jia Gong, a military strategist and general of Qingqi.

He was born Xiaolian and became a Lang official. He entered the account of Zhang Huan, the governor of Wuwei Prefecture, and became the commander-in-chief of the army, Ma DongZhuo. After his death, Dong Zhuo successively attached himself to Li Xi, Guo Si, Duan Lu and Zhang Xiu. He twice proposed to defeat Cao Cao and followed Zhang Xiu to surrender to Cao Cao. During the Guandu war, he strongly advocated a decisive battle. Before the battle of Chibi, he advocated to pacify the people and opposed to mobilizing the masses to denounce Jiangdong, which was not adopted. When Cao Cao was in a stalemate with the Guanzhong allied forces in Weinan, he offered a plan to alienate Ma Chao and Han Sui and pacify Guanzhong at one stroke. In the determination of Cao Cao's successor, Yuan Shao and Liu Biao are taken as examples to suggest that Cao Cao should not abolish his elders and support Cao Pi to become his son. In the first year of Huangchu (220), after Cao Pi became emperor, he paid homage to Taiwei and was canonized as Shouxiang marquis. The opposition to Cao Pi's expedition to Wu was not adopted and failed.

In 223, Jia Xu died at the age of 77. His posthumous title was Su, and he was entitled to the temple of Emperor Wen of Wei. Tang Huiyao respected him as the first of the eight gentlemen in Wei and Jin Dynasties. He is proficient in the art of war and has written a volume of the art of war.

Life of the characters

Confucian family

Jia xuzu was Jia Yi, the king of Changsha in the Western Han Dynasty. Jia Yi studied under Zhang Cang, the Prime Minister of the Western Han Dynasty. Zhang Cang studied under Xunzi, one of the three giants of Confucianism. Zhang Cang was Xunzi's close disciple and favorite disciple. Zhang Cang's nephew is Zhang Er, the king of Zhao in the Western Han Dynasty. Coincidentally, Qian Liang's Zhang rail is the descendant of Zhang Er, who later lived in Wuwei County. Jia's lineage is the same as Zhang's in the Western Han Dynasty. He lived in Wuwei County. The Jia family in Wuwei County can be regarded as an orthodox Confucian family.

Youth experience

When Jia Xu was young, Yan Zhong, a famous scholar, thought he was different and said he had the wisdom of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping. Jia Xu was called Lang by cha Xiaolian in his early years. He resigned because of illness and returned to his hometown in the West. On the way, he met Di people who were rebellious and were captured by Di people together with dozens of other people. Jia Xu said: "I'm the grandson of Duan Gong. Don't hurt me. My family will redeem me with a lot of money." At that time, Duan Yu, the Taiwei, had been a frontier general for a long time, so Jia Xu pretended that he was Duan's grandson to frighten the Di people. As a result, he did not dare to kill him and swore with him to send him back. However, the rest of the people were killed. Jia Xu has such an ability to deal with things according to circumstances. There are many things like this.

Serve Liangzhou

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Guo Zhiran and Li Zhiran

In September of the first year of Yonghan Dynasty (189), Dong Zhuo abolished Liu Bian, the young emperor of Han Dynasty, and established Liu Xie, the king of Chen Liu, as emperor. In November, Dong Zhuo was the prime minister himself. He was not famous for his praise and worship, and he did not go to court. He went to the palace with his sword. At this time, Jia Xu took Taiwei as the Duwei of Pingjin, and later was promoted to the Xiaowei of Taolu. At that time, Zhonglang, Dong Zhuo's son-in-law, stationed Niu Fu in Shaanxi, and Jia Xu assisted Niu Fu in his army. Soon after, Niu Fu sent Li Xi, Guo Si, Jia Xu and others to attack the Allied forces in Guandong. They first attacked Sun Jian and defeated them in Liangdong. Sun Jian led Qianqi to break through the encirclement.

In the third year of Chuping (192), Dong Zhuo was killed and Niu Fu died. Wang Yunqing was counted as Dong Zhuo's remaining party. At that time, Li Xi, Guo Si and others were upset and planned to flee separately. Jia Xu came forward to stop them and said, "I heard that the city of Chang'an is discussing the plan to kill all the Liangzhou people, and you will abandon your family and walk alone. A pavilion leader can catch you. It's better to lead the troops to the west, gather the soldiers along the way, attack Chang'an again, and avenge the Duke of Dong. If you can succeed fortunately, you can respect the country and conquer the world. If you can't succeed, it's not too late to escape. " This plan was adopted by all.

So Li Xi and others spread the rumor that "Wang Yun wanted to wash the people in this area", contacted the generals of Liangzhou, led the army to attack Chang'an day and night, and gathered more than 100000 people at the foot of Chang'an city. Li Yi, fan Hou and Li Meng besieged Chang'an City, but they were unable to do so because of the strong city defense. Later, the rebellious soldiers in the city led the Liangzhou army into the city and started a street battle with the general Lu Bu. Lu Bu was defeated and only led more than 100 cavalry to flee. More than ten thousand officials and people died, and the corpses were all over the road. Taichang planting Buddha, dahonglu zhouhuan, Chengmen Xiaowei Cui lie and Yueqi Xiaowei Wang Qi were killed. Li Ying and other soldiers came to Yemen of Nangong to bully Xiandi and situ Wangyun, and made Li Ying General of Yangwu, Guo Si General of Yanglie and fan Hou General of Zhonglang. Li also killed Huang Wan, Zuo Fengyi, Song Yi, you Fufeng, Wang Hong, situ, Wang Yun and his wife. For a time, the capital was in a state of chaos.

Later Jia called himself Zuo Fengyi. Li Yu and others wanted to be Marquis of Jia Xu's merit. Jia Xu said, "it's a stratagem to protect one's life. What's the credit for it?" We are determined not to accept it. Li Yu and others asked Jia Xu to be the minister's servant. Jia Xu said: "the minister's servant is the teacher of all officials and the model of the world. Jia Xu has never been famous and is hard to convince people. Even if I can indulge in vanity, what good will it do to the country? " So he turned Jia Xu into a secretary of state. He was in charge of selecting talents and made great contributions in personnel. Li Yu and others were close to Jia Xu, but they were also afraid of him.

Soon after, Jia Xu's mother died, and Jia Xu quit his official post and paid homage to doctor Guanglu.

In the second year of Xingping (195), Li Xi, Guo Si and fan Hou attacked and occupied Chang'an. After they jointly controlled the power of the central government, they were suspicious of each other and fought for power and profit. Jia Xu is responsible for it in general every time, so although the three people are at odds in their hearts, they seem to be able to get by. So the city of Chang'an was divided into three parts, each guarding its boundary. In the spring of the same year, Hu Feng, the commander of Li's cavalry, stabbed fan hou to death. Li Yu asked Jia Xu to be Xuanyi general to help himself. Jia Xu helped Emperor Xian escape and protect his ministers. After the two strike, Jia Xu also printed the ribbon.

At that time, general Duan Xu was stationed in Huayin with Jia Xu in the same county, and Jia Xu went to join Duan Xu. Jia Xu has always been well-known and respected by Duan Lu's army. Duan Lu was afraid that Jia Xu would seize his military power, but on the surface, he was very polite to Jia Xu. Jia Xu felt uneasy when he saw it. Nanyang Zhang Xiu and Jia Xu were originally fellow villagers. They had contacts secretly, so Zhang Xiu sent someone to meet Jia Xu. When Jia Xu was about to leave, someone asked him, "Duan Xun treated you so well. Why did you leave?" Jia Xu said: "Duan is suspicious of me. Although he is well paid, he can't be relied on. He will certainly hurt me if I stay for a long time. He must be very happy when I leave him. He also expects me to connect with foreign aid and treat my family well. And Zhang Xiu lacks a counselor, and she is willing to get me, so that my family and I can be saved. " When Jia Xu arrived at Zhang Xiu's place, Zhang Xiu was very happy and "held the ceremony for his descendants.". Duan Xun knew that Jia Xu had left, so he was kind to his family.

Zhang Xiu

In the second year of Jian'an (197), under the persuasion of Jia Xu, a fellow townsman of Zhang Xiu, Zhang Xiu stationed troops in Wancheng and united with mu Liubiao of Jingzhou. From then on, they became Cao Cao's troubles.

In March of the third year of Jian'an (198), Cao Cao attacked Zhang Xiu to the South and surrounded the city where Zhang Xiu held. Soon, when Cao Cao heard that Yuan Shao wanted to take advantage of Xu Du, he immediately withdrew from the city. Zhang Xiu led his troops to follow him. Liu Biao also sent Jingzhou army to occupy Anzhong, cut off Cao's retreat, and tried to attack Cao with Zhang Xiu. Cao Cao defeated Zhang and Liu by surprise. After Cao's victory, he quickly moved north. Zhang Xiu personally led his troops to pursue him. Jia Xu dissuaded him and said, "you can't pursue him. If you pursue him, you will lose." Zhang Xiu did not listen, forced pursuit, was personally defeated by Cao Cao. Jia Xu then said to Zhang Xiu, "hurry up and catch up, you will win." Zhang Xiu said: "I didn't listen to your suggestion. Now I'm defeated. Why should I pursue it again?" Jia Xu said: "the situation has changed. Go and make profits as soon as possible." Zhang Xiu followed Jia Xu's advice, collected scattered troops, and then pursued them, but defeated Cao Cao's guard.

After the victory, Zhang Xiu asked Jia Xu what was going on, and Jia Xu explained, "it's easy to understand. Although the general is good at using troops, he is by no means the enemy of Cao Gong. Although Cao's army has just withdrawn, Cao Gong must be in the rear of the palace. Although our pursuers are excellent, our generals can't match them. Their soldiers have great morale, so I know you will be defeated, general. The reason why Cao Cao withdrew his troops before he tried his best must be that something happened in the rear. Therefore, after he broke the general's pursuit, he would retreat with all his strength and leave others behind. Although the generals he left were powerful, they were not as good as the general. Therefore, I know that a general can win with defeat. " Zhang Xiu was greatly admired.

Persuading Zhang Guicao

In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Yuan Shao sent people to surrender Zhang Xiu and got married with Jia Xu. Zhang Xiu is ready to agree, but Jia Xu turns down Yuan Shao's envoy in front of Zhang Xiu's face, accurately pointing out that Yuan Shao can't tolerate others, but surrender to Cao Cao has three advantages: Cao Cao's commanding the princes with the emperor's command, which is justified; Cao Cao's troops are weak, and he is more willing to win over his allies; Cao Cao's ambition is great, and he will be able to forget the past.

Zhang Xiu followed Jia Xu's advice and led the people to Cao Cao. After hearing the news, Cao Cao was overjoyed. He personally met Jia Xu and said, "you are the one who makes my reputation popular in the world." Cao Cao paid homage to Jia, claiming to be zhijinwu, the capital of tinghou, and moved to Jizhou as a herdsman. Because Jizhou was occupied by Yuan Shao at that time, Jia Xu stayed in Sikong military, worshipped Zhang Xiu as Yang's military general, and asked his son Cao Jun to marry Zhang Xiu's daughter.

Assist Cao Cao

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The battle of Guandu

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Battle of Chibi

In the fifth year of Jian'an (200 years), Cao Cao and Yuan shaozhan fought in Guandu. When Cao Cao ran out of grain, he asked Jia Xu about his plan. Jia Xu said, "you are superior to Yuan Shao in four aspects: shrewdness, bravery, employment and determination. The reason why you can't win in a stalemate for half a year is that you want to be considerate and seize the opportunity to win quickly." Cao Cao said he was good, but later seized the opportunity to attack WuChao and defeated Yuan Shao. After Hebei was pacified, Cao Cao led Jizhou animal husbandry and changed his post

Chinese PinYin : Wen He