philosopher

philosopher

Liang Shuming (October 18, 1893 - June 23, 1988), a Mongolian nationality, formerly known as huanding, was named Shouming. He once used the pen names Shouming, Shoumin and Shuming, and later lived as Shuming. Originally from Guilin, Guangxi, born in Beijing. He was born in Kaifeng, Henan Province. China's famous thinkers, philosophers, educators, social activists, masters of traditional Chinese culture, patriots and democracies, mainly study life and social problems, one of the early representatives of Modern Neo Confucianism, known as "China's last great Confucian".

Under the influence of Taizhou School, Liang Shuming launched the rural construction movement in China, and obtained the experience that can be used for reference. He wrote a lot of works in his life, including essentials of Chinese culture, Eastern and Western culture and philosophy, only knowledge, Chinese people, reading and being a man, heart and life, etc.

On June 23, 1988, Mr. Liang Shuming died in Beijing at the age of 95.

Life of the characters

Liang Shuming was born in Beijing on October 18, 1893. His forefather was hugechi, the fifth son of the Yuan Dynasty, so he was naturalized in Kaifeng, Henan Province. At the age of 6, he entered Chinese and western primary school. After 8 years old, he successively studied in public primary schools and Mongolian nursing schools. At the age of 13, he was admitted to shun Tian middle school.

In 1911, he joined the Beijing Tianjin Branch of the alliance. After graduating from Shuntian middle school, he served as a reporter of the Republic of China newspaper of the alliance.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), he served as a field reporter for the Republic of China Daily. Sun Bingwen, the general manager of the CPC, made his pseudonym "Shuming". In the same year, he began to read Buddhist scriptures.

In the first month of 1913, when he went to Xi'an, he began to eat vegetarian food. At the beginning of the year, I read the soul of socialism, and at the end of the year, I wrote the quintessence of socialism. In July, he volunteered to become a monk.

In February of 1914, Tan fo was published in Zhengyi.

In September of 1915, he published the theory of the Yuan Dynasty in Oriental Magazine. Mr. Cai Yuanpei invited him to teach at Peking University.

In 1916, he wanted to become a monk in Hengshan, but he failed. On December 5, he taught at Peking University, teaching an introduction to Indian philosophy for the third year of philosophy.

In March 1917, he began to teach Buddhist philosophy in the Institute of philosophy at Peking University. In October, Confucius studies was set up in the Institute. In November, he published an introduction to Indian philosophy in the Publishing Department of Peking University.

In January 1918, he and Chen Daqi launched the organization Philosophy Research Association in Peking University. In May, a student movement broke out in Beijing. Mr. Wang published "on student affairs" in the national Gazette. In June, he began to write "Eastern and Western cultures and their philosophies", hoping to use this book as the "Introduction" of the two books "philosophy of Confucius" and "only knowledge and meaning".

In January 1919, the first volume of the book was published. In the spring of the same year, I read Dongya quotations and gave up the idea of becoming a monk. During the summer vacation, I visited the research department of Jinling Scripture engraving office and did not introduce Xiong Shili to Ouyang. In autumn, he gave a lecture on "Eastern and Western cultures and their philosophy" at Peking University. The record of the lecture was published in Peking University journal since October.

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), during the summer vacation, at the invitation of the Department of education of Shandong Province, he went to Jinan to give a lecture on Eastern and Western culture and philosophy. In October, the speech was first published by the Printing Bureau of the Ministry of Finance in Beijing. In April and may of the same year, Ben decided to live a farm life and married Ms. Huang Jingxian at the end of the year.

In 1921, he visited Taiyuan at the beginning of the year, met Weizhong and visited his school. In December, he published a brief account of the initiation and development of Qufu University and my opinions.

In September 1922, the course of "the history of Confucianism" was opened in Peking University.

In 1923, Zhonghua Academy was published. In autumn, he left Peking University and was invited to Heze, Shandong Province to be the director of the Senior High School Department of the sixth provincial middle school. Xiong Shili goes with him.

In the spring of 1924, he returned to Beijing. Later, he lived in Shichahai with Xiong Shili and some students of Shandong No.6 middle school.

In January 1925, he moved to Wanshou mountain with his teachers and friends, and lived with Youzhuang in Peking University. Talk about the heart and life.

In January 1926, he was invited to give lectures on "human heart and life" and "changes in my views on psychology" for universities in Beijing.

In the spring of 1927, I visited the Xiaozhuang Normal School run by Tao Xingzhi in Nanjing. In July, he was the principal of Guangdong Provincial No.1 middle school. During his stay in Guangzhou, he acted as chairman of the Construction Committee of Guangdong political branch on behalf of Li Jishen. Put forward the proposal of setting up the Rural Governance Institute and the outline of the pilot plan. In September, he published the proposal for setting up a rural governance workshop and gave a lecture on Rural Governance for the Guangdong local guard training committee.

In February 1928, Peking University inspected the village administration experiments in Jiangsu, Hebei and Shanxi provinces. In the autumn, he went to Huixian County of Henan Province to participate in the preparation of the village governance college. In November, he published the purport book of Henan village governance college.

In January 1929, Henan Cunzhi college began its term as Dean. In June, he edited "village governance" and published "Confessions of the editor in chief" and "the last awakening of the Chinese national self-help movement" in this journal. In November, he published the outline of the purpose and methods for the establishment of Shandong Rural Construction Research Institute.

In January 1930, he went to Zouping, Shandong Province to organize Shandong Rural Construction Research Institute. In June, the Institute was established as director and President of the research department, advocating the rural construction movement.

In February 1933, the Ministry of Education held a meeting of mass educators, and five people were selected to draft the draft of the status of mass education in the education system. Mr. Zhang was responsible for writing the draft of the social standard education system. At the same time, he was employed by the Ministry of education as a member of the mass education committee. In October, he took over the post of president of Shandong Rural Construction Research Institute.

In March 1937, the theory of rural construction was published. In August, he attended the Senate as a defense senator.

In November 1939, he and Huang Yanpei launched the "United Nation Building comrades Association".

In the summer of 1940, he participated in the launching of the "China Democratic League" and served as a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee. He founded Mianren middle school in laifengyi, Bishan, Sichuan.

In March 1941, the China Democratic League of political groups was established as a standing committee member. On behalf of the league, he went to Hong Kong to establish Guangming Daily and served as its president. When he passed Guilin, he gave lectures at Guangxi University for two months.

In February 1942, he went to Guilin and began to write the essentials of Chinese culture.

In May 1946, he served as Secretary General of the Democratic League. As Secretary General of the Democratic League, he participated in the "third party" talks. In September, Mianren College of Chinese studies was established in Beibei, Chongqing, and later changed into Mianren College of literature. In November, the Republican talks broke down. Mr. Wang returned to Beibei to rewrite the essentials of Chinese culture.

In 1947, after quitting the Democratic League, he founded Mianren College of literature, engaged in lecturing and writing.

In the summer and autumn of 1949, he paid a visit to Guru Gongga, received the supreme fingerprint, and accepted guanding. From the beginning of August to the beginning of September, he and Luo Yong, Xie Wuliang and others practiced the Tibetan secret arts on Jinyun Mountain in Beibei. In November, essentials of Chinese culture was published.

In September 1950, it was proposed to set up the Institute of Chinese culture. In October, I wrote the road to the founding of China.

In August 1952, he proposed to Mao Zedong that he should go to the Soviet Union for academic research, but to no avail.

In August 1956, Xi Jing lived in Badachu, west of Beijing.

In 1960, he began to write heart and life.

In 1966, the "Cultural Revolution" began. In August, my husband was driven out of his room and temporarily stayed in the hut. From September to November, he wrote on the similarities and differences between Confucianism and Buddhism.

In January 1974, he wrote "how should we evaluate Confucius today" and gave a speech at the CPPCC study meeting.

In July 1975, he completed "heart and life" and re wrote "Oriental academic overview".

At the beginning of 1950, he was invited to serve as the first, the second and the fourth standing committee members of the CPPCC National Committee. After 1955, he mainly engaged in theoretical research at home and published such works as "human heart and life", "Oriental academic overview", "Chinese people". In the late 1980s, he was still writing and giving speeches at the age of over 90, and continued to publicize the idea of rejuvenating Chinese traditional culture. Since 1980, he has successively served as a member of the constitution amendment Committee of the people's Republic of China, a consultant of China Confucius Research Association, chairman of the Council of Chinese Academy of culture, and chairman of the development foundation of Chinese Academy of culture.

In 1984, heart and life was published. The Chinese Academy of culture was established in Beijing. Mr. Zhang is the chairman of the Council of the Academy.

In March 1985, he gave a speech at the first workshop of Chinese Academy of culture.

In November 1986, a survey of Orientalism was published.

On June 23, 1988, Liang Shuming died in Beijing at the age of 95. The cemetery is in Chuanshan Park, Guilin. Part of the ashes were buried in xiaohuangshan, Zouping County, Shandong Province.

Academic achievements

Liang Shuming called himself "a man who has thought and acts according to his thought". He combined the Confucianism, Buddhism and Bergson's philosophy of life of Confucius, Mencius and Wang Yangming. He regarded the whole universe as a process in which people's life and desires were constantly satisfied. He put forward the idea of "desire" as the basis, and endowed the concept of "life" in traditional Chinese Philosophy with the meaning of ontology and modern biological evolution On top of life

Chinese PinYin : Liang Shu Ming