Wei Qing

Wei Qing

Wei Qing? -He was born in Pingyang, Hedong (now the southwest of Linfen, Shanxi). He was a famous general, militarist and national hero in the Han Dynasty. His father, Zheng Ji, was a petty official under Cao Shou, Marquis of Pingyang. Her mother Wei was a slave of Princess Pingyang. Wei Qing has been a shepherd boy since childhood and suffered a lot. As an adult, he became a riding slave of Princess Pingyang. When the princess went out, he rode with her. Later, his elder sister Wei Zifu was elected to the palace and was favored by Emperor Wu, so he was promoted to Taizhong doctor. Because he was good at riding and shooting, he often went hunting with Emperor Wu, which was appreciated by Emperor Wu.

In 129 BC, the Hun cavalry invaded in a large scale, and the Han soldiers attacked in four ways. The other three lost, only Wei Qing won the battle of Longcheng. Emperor Wu was overjoyed and granted him the title of Marquis of Guannei. In 127 BC, the Hetao area was recovered. In 124 BC, the Huns went south in three ways, and the battle of Monan broke out. Taking advantage of Youxian Wang's weakness of arrogance, contempt and carelessness, Wei Qing took advantage of the night to attack, encircle, chase and kill, and won a great victory. When the news of victory reached Chang'an, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was overjoyed. Special envoys rushed to the frontier fortress and called Wei Qing as the general, commanding the Sixth Division. In 119 BC, during the battle of Mobei, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing defeated Xiongnu and forced them not to invade the south.

Later, Prince Pingyang died and Princess Pingyang was widowed. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty ordered Wei Qing to marry Princess Pingyang. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BC), Wei Qing died of illness and was named liehou after his posthumous title. He was buried in Maoling.

Life of the characters

Miserable childhood

Wei Qing's mother is known as Wei (whether Wei is her husband's family name is controversial). He and his husband had a man and three women: the eldest son (Wei Changjun), the eldest daughter, Wei Ru (Wei Junru in Hanshu and Wei Ru in Shiji), the second daughter, Wei Shaoer, and the third daughter, Wei Zifu. Wei Wei had an affair with Zheng Ji, a county official who came to work in the Marquis's family in Pingyang, and gave birth to Wei Qing.

Because of the hard life, Wei Qing was sent to his father Zheng Ji's home. But Zheng Ji asks Wei Qing to herd sheep. Zheng's son doesn't regard Wei Qing as a brother, but treats him as a slave animal. When Wei Qing was a little older, he didn't want to be enslaved by the Zheng family any more, so he went back to his mother and became Princess Pingyang's riding slave.

Once, Wei Qing followed others to Ganquan palace. When a prisoner saw his face, he said, "this is the face of a noble man. The official is the marquis." Wei Qing said with a smile: "as a slave's son, I just want to avoid being scolded. I'm very lucky. How can I say I'm a meritorious Marquis?"

a blessing in disguise

In the spring of the second year of Jianyuan (139 BC), Wei Zifu, the third sister of Wei Qing, was favored by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was visiting Pingyang mansion in Bashang.

In the third year of Jianyuan (138 BC), Wei Zifu, who had been neglected for more than a year after entering the palace, was again lucky to be pregnant, which aroused the envy of empress Chen. His mother, Princess Guantao, sent someone to catch Wei Qing, who was working in Jianzhang (later Jianzhang Palace), intending to kill him. After his colleague Gongsun Ao heard the news, he led people to save Wei Qing. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very angry when he heard about this. He immediately appointed Wei Qing as Jian Zhang's supervisor and Shi Zhong, Wei Zifu as his wife and Wei Changjun as his Shi Zhong. For several days, Wei Qing was awarded as much as a thousand gold. Wei Ru married sun he, the servant of the imperial family, and Wei Shaoer married Zhan Shi Chen Zhang, Chen Ping's descendant. Gongsun Ao was also prominent. After Wei Qing was appointed as Taizhong doctor, with a salary of Qianshi, who was in charge of the political discussion.

From 138 BC to 129 BC, Wei Qing, as Jianzhang supervisor and Shizhong, followed the emperor and heard about the government affairs with him. Later, he became a Taizhong official, which showed that his ability won the trust of Emperor Wu and laid a good foundation for the later seven expeditions to Xiongnu and even served as the great general of the great Sima.

The first expedition to Xiongnu

In the fifth year of Yuanguang (130 BC) or the sixth year of Yuanguang (129 BC), the Xiongnu troops went south to Shanggu (now Huailai County, Hebei Province). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Wei Qing as general of the cavalry. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty dispatched four attacks: Wei Qing, a general on horseback, went out of Shanggu, Gongsun Ao, a general on horseback, from Daijun (Zhidai County, now Datong, Shanxi and Yuxian, Hebei), Gongsun he, a general on light horseback, from Yunzhong (now northeast of Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia), and Li Guang, a powerful general on horseback, from Yanmen. The four generals led 10000 cavalry to meet the Huns. Wei Qing's first expedition, courageous and calm, went deep into the dangerous situation and directly attacked the holy land of Xiongnu's sacrifice to heaven Longcheng. In the battle of Longcheng, he captured 700 people and won. The other three, two failed, one failed. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw that only Wei Qing triumphed and was granted the title of Marquis of Guannei.

The battle of Longcheng was the first victory against Xiongnu since the early Han Dynasty, which laid a good foundation for the further counterattack of the Han Dynasty.

In the autumn of the first year of Yuanshuo (128 BC), Wei Qing went out of Yanmen as a general of motorcycles, led 30000 cavalry troops, and decapitated thousands of people.

In the second year of Yuanshuo (127 BC), the Huns invaded Shanggu and Yuyang on a large scale. They first attacked western Liaoning, killed the prefect of western Liaoning, defeated Han'an, the general of Yuyang, and plundered more than 2000 people. Emperor Wu sent Li Xi to attack from Daijun. Wei Qing led the army to attack Henan Province (Hetao area of the Yellow River) occupied by Xiongnu. He adopted the tactics of "circuitous flanking attack" to encircle the rear of Xiongnu army in the West and quickly occupied gaoque (now Hangjinhou banner of Inner Mongolia), cutting off the contact between King Baiyang and King Loufan of Xiongnu garrisoned in Henan Province and Chanyu court. After that, Wei Qing led the elite cavalry and flew southward to the west of Longxian County, forming an encirclement of the king of Baiyang and the king of Loufan. Han Army captured thousands of enemy soldiers alive, captured millions of livestock, and controlled Hetao area. Because of the rich water and grass and the dangerous situation in this area, Emperor Wu built Shuofang City, set up Shuofang county and Wuyuan County, migrated 100000 people from the mainland to settle there, and restored the frontier fortress built by Mengtian in the Qin Dynasty and the fortifications along the river. It not only relieved the direct threat of Hun cavalry to Chang'an, but also established a forward base to further counter Hun.

In this war, all the soldiers of the Han army returned, and Wei Qingli made great contributions. He was granted the title of Marquis of Changping, with 3800 households in the city. Su Jian and Zhang CiGong made great contributions to general Wei by serving as Xiaowei and granted Pingling Marquis and antou marquis.

Go north again

In the spring of 124bc, the imperial court ordered Wei Qing, the general of motorcycles, to lead 30000 cavalry troops from gaoque; ordered Su Jian, the Wei Wei, to be a guerrilla general; ordered Li Ju, the zuoneshi, to be a strong crossbow general; ordered Gongsun he, the imperial servant, to be a general of motorcycles; and ordered Li Cai, the Prime Minister of the state, to be a general of light motorcycles For the general, send troops from right Peiping. They all went to attack the Huns. King Youxian of Xiongnu was facing the soldiers such as Wei Qing. He thought that the army of Han Dynasty could not get here, so he began to drink wine. In the evening, the Han army came and surrounded Youxian king. Youxian king was so surprised that he ran away all night and rushed north with one of his concubines and hundreds of strong cavalry. Guo Cheng, the captain of Qingqi school, and others chased for hundreds of miles, but they didn't catch up. The Han Army captured more than ten Xiao Wang of Youxian king, including more than 15000 men and women, and millions of livestock.

After receiving the war report, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent special envoys to the army to worship Wei Qing as the general, and sealed 6000 households (8700 households in Han Dynasty), all the generals under his command. Wei Qing's three sons were made marquis by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The eldest son Wei and his wife are the Marquis of Yichun, the second son Wei is the Marquis of yin'an, and the youngest son Wei Deng is the Marquis of Fagan, with 1300 households in each city. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty awarded Gongsun Ao, Han Shuo, Gongsun he, Li Cai, Li Shuo, Zhao Buyu, Gongsun rongnu, Li Ju, Li Xi, Dou Ruyi, etc., who were accompanying Wei Qing in the battle.

In the spring and summer of the sixth year of Yuanshuo (123 BC), Wei Qing led 100000 cavalry to attack Xiongnu twice. More than ten thousand Huns were annihilated. In February, Gongsun Ao was the middle general, Gongsun he was the left general, Zhao Xin was the former general, Su Jian was the right general, Li Guang was the rear general, and Li Ju was the strong crossbow general. He led the six routes army and was under the command of general Wei Qing. He started from Dingxiang and went north for hundreds of miles. After the war, the whole army returned to Dingxiang to recuperate. A month later, it went out again and captured more than 10000 Huns. Zhang Qian went out with the general and was granted the title of Marquis of Bowang. Huo Qubing, Wei Qing's nephew, led 800 cavalry to attack alone in this battle. He captured the uncle and Prime Minister of Hun Danyu and killed his grandfather and other 2028 people, and became the champion. A great general rewards a thousand gold but not a good seal

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Expedition to Mobei

In the spring of the fourth year of Yuanshou (119 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used 140000 horses and 500000 soldiers as logistic support regiments. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing led 50000 cavalry, infantry and more than 100000 troops transporting goods and materials respectively. They divided into two groups and went on a long march across the desert to attack Xiongnu.

The Han Army originally planned that Huo Qubing would first select elite soldiers to attack Shan Yu's main force, and Wei Qing would attack Zuo Xianwang. Later, he learned from the captured Xiongnu soldiers that Yizhi xieshanyu was in the East, and the two armies exchanged routes. Huo Qubing left Daijun in the East, and Wei Qingxi left Dingxiang in the West.

However, the Wei Qing army, which had been out of the fortress for more than 1000 Li, encountered the Huns as the main force. Wei Qing ordered former General Li Guang and right General Zhao Shiqi to merge and outflank from the right wing. He led the left general Gongsun he and later general Cao Xiang to confront Shan Yu's main force from the front. Wei Qing ordered Wugang cars to form a ring barracks, and ordered 5000 cavalry to gallop against Xiongnu. The Huns also had about 10000 cavalry coming at a gallop. It happened that the sun was setting, the wind was blowing, and sand and stones were hitting people's faces. The two armies could not see each other. The Han Army ordered the left and right wings to rush forward and encircle Shan Yu. Shan Yu saw that there were a lot of troops in the Han Dynasty, and the soldiers and horses were still very strong. If there was a war, it would be bad for the Huns. So in the evening, Shan Yu, with about a few hundred strong cavalry, drove straight through the Han Army's encirclement and galloped to the northwest. At this time, it was already dusk, and the Han Army and the Huns wrestled with each other, killing roughly the same number.

Chinese PinYin : Wei Qing