Zhang Zhao

Zhang Zhao

Zhang Zhao (1691-1745), a native of Lou County in Jiangnan, was named Tian (1691-1745). Emperor Kangxi 48 years Jinshi. He is a calligrapher, calligrapher, dramatist and arranger of calligraphy and painting catalogue in Qing Dynasty.

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Kangxi 48 years (AD 1709) Jinshi, change Shu Jishi. Yongzheng 11 years (AD 1733), the Ministry of official punishment Shangshu, in order to preview the "Qing Huidian", the book into, plus a level. In the 13th year, in order to pacify the Minister of Miao, he was dismissed from office and asked questions. Seeking forgiveness, he ordered him to walk in the calligraphy Department of Wuying hall. In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Li Guan went to the Minister of the Ministry of punishment to worship the inner court. In December of the ninth year, Ding's father was worried and died on his way to Xuzhou. He is Wen min. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he was a great calligrapher, who often wrote for Emperor Qianlong. He was good at regular script and was an expert in "the style of Library and Pavilion". He is skillful in nature, profound in interpretation, and has many Zen poems. Calligraphy started with Dong Qichang at the beginning, then went in and out of Yan and MI, and the sky bone was open, full of vigour. And can draw orchid, between writing plum, thin flower pistil, extremely elegant. Try to make a portrait of a great master in plain drawing, only a few strokes, and the method is good. The inscriptions and postscripts of tianpingzhai calligraphy and painting, and the collection of detianjushi, are engraved with tianpingzhai calligraphy and painting. He was 55 years old.

Life

Zhang Zhao (1691-1745), who was born in Lou County of Jiangnan, was a minister of Qing Dynasty. In the 48th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, he was a scholar. At the beginning of Yong Zhengchu, Lei Qian was a professor. The emperor Shizong annotated the twenty-four rules of emperor Shengzu's admonition to the scholars and the people. The title of the rules was that emperor Shengyu gave extensive admonition to the students. According to the rules, the students were invited to study. Three times later, he moved to the Ministry of punishment. In the 11th year, he was granted the imperial censor of Zuo Duyu and moved to the Minister of the Ministry of punishment. In the early days, the great scholar ertai was the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou. He ordered Miao to be in disorder, collected his land and set up Liuguan. After Miao's rebellion, general ha Yuansheng and deputy general Dong Fang discussed it, which was not decided by the time. He was responsible for the improper handling of ertai, and disobeyed ertai, because he was asked to do so.

In May of the 13th year, he ordered Zhao to pacify the Minister of Miao. As far as Guizhou is concerned, it is suggested that the upper reaches of Shibing should be designated as Yuansheng with Yunnan and Guizhou soldiers, and the lower reaches should be designated as Fangfang with Huguang and Guangdong soldiers. Yuansheng and Fangsui argue that the village roads are different from the upper and lower boundaries, and it is difficult to distinguish the cultural transfer. According to the letter to Yuansheng and so on, order to impeach ertai. When Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, Zhang Guangsi, the governor of Huguang, was appointed as his representative. Shangnuzhao wronged Junxing by taking advantage of his private affairs. Guangsi impeached zhaomuwang again. Yuansheng and others wrote a letter to impeach ertai, so they were arrested and put into prison.

In the first year of Qianlong's reign, Tingyi was beheaded and ordered to walk in the calligraphy Department of Wuying hall. Two years later, he became a cabinet bachelor and went to the South study. Five years later, he was given the post of minister of punishment. As the saying goes: "the new laws and regulations have been revised and promulgated in all provinces for one year. If the old is light and the new is heavy, there is no need to refute it until the new book complies with it; if the old is light and the new is heavy, the Ministry of punishment will immediately quote the new book for correction. In one year, he was gracious at home and abroad. " It's our special purpose. He ordered Prince Yunlu of Zhuang and LV Zhengyi to observe the law of Shengzu. Xunhe Shuyan: "Lv Zhengyi has not compiled the Mo, please continue to compile the latter. The music movement of the court meeting in the temple is recorded in the chapter of the book, which is based on the study of the palace and Shang characters. Folk music should also be rectified as a whole. " The lower part of the Council. In the seventh year of the reign of the emperor, he asked the army to release the wife of the sinner. The sinner sent all the towns to Qi Ding as slaves. When his descendants came to peisuo, Qi Ding was not allowed to be slaves. He was promoted to the Minister of the Ministry of punishment and led the music department. It is called "yinziqian" because of the mutual rights of the mother and son. During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng, there were eight banners, such as zuoling, who printed the banners of Qian's Department, and the emperor Shizong ordered the prohibition of reform. Du Tong Li Xi, who asked for the loan, was exempted from compensation and punished for the crime. As it is said, printing money should be banned. If we stop lending money with heavy profits and punish crimes according to the law of taking profits for violation of the ban, we should stop using it and follow it. In December of the ninth year, my father died at home. He was ill only when he was at home. In the first month of the tenth year, he went to mourn and urged me to save my life. To Xuzhou, death, plus Prince Taibao, Li Department Shangshu, posthumous Wenmin.

Zhao is quick at learning, rich in culture, especially in work. They offended Miao and Gaozong, but they didn't want to offend them. We should cherish our talents and use them again. As for Zhao Zui, he saw Bai Yunting's poetic resentment mentioned in Zhao's prison. He also referred to Zhao's collection of cynical words and told the ministers that Zhao was dead and would not pursue the crime. A few years later, the unified ambition was recorded, and the figures in Songjiang Prefecture of the state Dynasty were not as good as Zhao. Shang Fu Ming added: "although Zhao is not mellow, he has a good command of learning, and his calligraphy is exquisite. He has been promoted by all over the world, and his literary talent and style are not concealed."

According to the law, calligraphy, especially the tone. He tried to find out the origin of Lu Lu Zheng Yi with Prince Zhuang Fengchi, and also took part in the revision of Yi Tong Zhi.

Personal achievement

Zhang Zhao, originally named Mo, was named Tian and Changqing, and was named Jingnan, wuchuang and Tianping Jushi. He was born in Lou County of Songjiang Prefecture in Qing Dynasty and lived in the west of xiuye bridge. He was gifted and intelligent, and had a good command of Shi Shi's teaching. His poems were bold and unconstrained, which drove the Zen language. He is good at poetry, painting, music, appreciation and calligraphy. He became a Jinshi at the age of 19. He was an official of the Ministry of criminal justice. He participated in the compilation of the Great Qing Huidian and yitongzhi. In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), he was the Prime Minister of Miao affairs. He went to Yunnan and was impeached for "no merit". After being dismissed, he was relieved and ordered to walk in the calligraphy Office of Wuying hall. In the seventh year of Qianlong (1742), he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of punishment. He was well versed in the law and revised some reasonable criminal regulations. In the sixth year of Qianlong (1741), he was ordered to find out the origin of the book with Prince Zhuang, and to renew the later edition of the book. Later, he presided over the compilation of palace dramas for Pingshu, including Zaju "Yueling Yingcheng" and "Jiujiu Daqing", and legendary "Quanshan Jinke" and "Shengping baoraft", each of which has 240 dramas for the court to perform, which is the first of "liantai opera". Xing Yu, a drama researcher, commented on Zhang Zhao's Drama Creation: "he is the founder of Chinese drama series, which is indisputable.". "In fact, the influence of Jinke and Shengping baoraft on Kun Opera, Beijing Opera and various local operas is far greater than people think." if Zhang Zhao hadn't written these two 240 Series, the Wukong Opera (monkey Opera) of Yang Xiaolou, Zheng Changtai, Gai jiaotian and Zhang Yipeng would not be so colorful. ". In the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), he was ordered to identify the calligraphy and painting of the past dynasties collected by the court with Liang Shizheng, and compiled Shiqu Baoji (Volume 44), and presided over the compilation of the secret palace Zhulin (Volume 24).

Areas of expertise

They are called "minglou, Miaowen and Haozi", which are combined into "three unique skills". His handwriting includes running script Dongpo poem (now in the Palace Museum) and linmi paste (in the Central Academy of Arts and crafts). His painting is the best at painting plum, thin flower pistil, extremely elegant. Dry and wet ink appropriate, hair branch cloth dry also very free and easy, prepared very leisurely, ink show meaningful vivid. There are only a few strokes of Da Tu Xiang in the white line drawing, and the painting of plum blossom (collected in the Palace Museum) is very good. In the first month of the tenth year of Qianlong (1745), he returned home due to his father's death and died in Suqian County, Xuzhou. His posthumous title is Wen min.

work

He is also a composer. His works include ten copies of Yueling Chengying, judge yazou, Jiujiu Daqing and Quanshan Jinke, and ten copies of Shengping baoraft. Qulu is dedicated to the imperial court.

Collection House

At the beginning, it was named Mo, with the name of Tian, Changqing, Jingnan, and Tianping Jushi. Huating (now Shanghai) people. Kangxi 48 years (1709) Jinshi, the official to the Ministry of justice, pacify the Minister of Miao and other posts. Jiafu has a collection of books and a library called "tianpingzhai". He is proficient in calligraphy and has a deep foundation, but experts say that "Qi Ge is not high". He is familiar with music and opera. He has created such royal dramas as "Jinke of persuading kindness", "Chengying of the moon" and "Daqing in 1999", mainly advocating karma and feudal superstition. In the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty ordered him and Liang Shizheng to edit the catalogue of Shiqu precious books, which contains 44 volumes. According to the storage place, the description of calligraphy and painting in the palace at that time can be divided into book, picture book, combined book of calligraphy and painting; then according to book, picture book, combined book of calligraphy and painting; finally according to book axis, picture axis, combined axis of calligraphy and painting, a total of 9 categories, each of which can be divided into superior and inferior. Description of paper and silk, size, style, imprint and title, postscript, etc. Later, Dong Bangda and others continued to revise the "Shiqu Baoji re compilation" and "Shiqu Baoji sanbian" to record the calligraphy and painting works collected by Qianlong neifu. His grandson

Zhang Xingzai

It also has a rich collection of books and a number of printed books.

Calligraphy attainments and shortcomings

In his early years, he studied calligraphy from Dong Qichang and was taught by his mother's Uncle Wang Hongxu. Later, he studied calligraphy from Mi Fu and was greatly influenced by Zhao Mengfu. However, they are not determined to follow the teacher's rules, but strive to innovate, especially their frank works, which are more changeable and moving. Regular script is a representative of the "Pavilion style" in Qing Dynasty. The cursive strokes are changeable, the combination of characters is appropriate, the momentum is penetrating, and the style is simple and vigorous.

Commenting on his calligraphy, Qianlong said: "the calligraphy has the power of rice, but not the strategy of rice. It has the integrity of Dong, but not the weakness of Dong. The one after Xi, who can be willing to see the trace now, seems to be finished in writing. It's hard for people to learn." (Volume 59 of Qianlong's four volumes of imperial poems, five CI ministers and five ancient books of the Ministry of punishment, Zhang Zhao) Liu Heng said in the history of Chinese calligraphy, volume Qing Dynasty: "in the transformation of calligraphy style from the end of Kangxi to the beginning of Qianlong, Zhang Zhao's creative practice and Qianlong Hongli's emphasis on Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy played an important role." Shao Songnian of the Qing Dynasty wrote in the book "collection of ancient fate · treatise on Zhang Tianping's health preservation in the presence of Su Changgong" that "in this dynasty, Lu Tang Si Nong was the first in landscape painting, while Zhang Wenmin was the first in calligraphy. If you meet Liang Gong's calligraphy and painting in your life, you will buy them if you can. Over the years, they have gathered more and more, because those who have collected the old income have shared it with Boying, which will be passed on to later generations

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Zhao