Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals

Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals

Zuo Zhuan is said to be written by Zuo Qiuming. It is not only a complete chronicle history book in ancient China, but also a representative of pre Qin prose works. The original name of the work is Zuo's spring and Autumn Annals, which was renamed Zuo's biography of spring and Autumn Annals, internal biography of spring and Autumn Annals and Zuo's biography in the Han Dynasty, and it was often called Zuo's biography after the Han Dynasty. It is one of the most important Confucian classics. It is called "three biographies of spring and Autumn" together with Gongyang biography and Guliang biography.

Zuozhuan is essentially an independent literary work of recording history. It started in the first year of Lu Yingong (722 BC) and ended in the 27th year of Lu aigong (468 BC). Based on the spring and Autumn Annals, it explains the outline of the spring and Autumn Annals by recording the specific historical facts of the spring and Autumn Annals.

Explanation of the problem

Author and creation time

Zuozhuan is said to be written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian in the late spring and Autumn period. Sima Qian, Ban Gu and others believe that Zuo Zhuan was written by Zuo Qiuming. Liu Zhiji of Tang Dynasty wrote Shitong Liujia: "Zuo Zhuan's family originated from Zuo Qiuming." Zhao Kuang of Tang Dynasty first suspected that Zuo Zhuan was not written by Zuo Qiuming. Since then, many scholars have been skeptical. Many people think that the Zuo family who wrote Zuo Zhuan is not Zuo Qiuming.

Ye mengde thinks that the author was born in the Warring States period; Zheng Qiao thinks that he was born in Chu in the Warring States period; Zhu Xi thinks that he was born after the Prime Minister of the left history of Chu; Xiang Anshi thinks that he was born in Wei; Cheng duanxue thinks that he was a pseudograph. Ji Yun of Qing Dynasty still thinks that Zuo Qiuming wrote it in Sikuquanshu Zongmu. Kang Youwei thinks it was Liu Xin. Today, Tong Shuye thinks it was written by Wu Qi, Zhao Guangxian thinks it was written by Zuo Shi of Lu state during the Warring States period, and Wei Juxian thinks it was written by Zixia. It is generally believed that Zuo Zhuan was completed in the middle of the Warring States period (the middle of the 4th century BC).

Zuozhuan and Chunqiu

Based on the spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan explains the compendium of the spring and Autumn Annals by recording the specific historical facts of the spring and Autumn period. Sima Qian's chronicle of the twelve princes in historical records says: "Zuo Qiuming, a gentleman of Lu Dynasty, is afraid of the heresy of his disciples. He is satisfied with his ideas and loses his truth. Therefore, because of Confucius' historical records, Zuo's spring and Autumn Annals have been established."

evaluate

Zuozhuan represents the highest achievement of pre Qin historiography. It is an important document to study the history of pre Qin and the spring and Autumn period. It has a great influence on the historiography of later generations, especially on the establishment of the status of chronological history books. Moreover, because it has a strong tendency of Confucianism, emphasizes the hierarchical order and patriarchal ethics, attaches importance to the difference between the elder and the younger, and also shows the "people-oriented" thought, so it is also an important historical material for the study of pre Qin Confucianism.

Zuozhuan mainly records the decline of the Zhou royal family and the history of the feudal lords fighting for hegemony. It also records and comments on all kinds of etiquette, rules and regulations, social customs, ethnic relations, moral concepts, astronomy and geography, calendar seasons, ancient literature, myths and legends, and ballads. Fan Ning of Jin Dynasty commented on the characteristics of the three biographies of the spring and Autumn Annals: "Zuo Shi is gorgeous and rich, and its loss is also witchcraft. Gu Liang is clear and graceful, and its loss is short. "Gongyang" argues and cuts, but its loss is also vulgar. "

Zuozhuan is not only a historical work, but also an excellent literary work. It is shown in the following aspects: it is good at describing wars, so some people call it "Xiang Jian Shu"; it is good at depicting characters, and attaches importance to recording words.

It was in the Wei and Jin dynasties that Zuo Zhuan was valued by the academic circles. Zheng Xuan and Du Yu annotated it successively, and later it became an important book to study the spring and Autumn Annals. He Xun described it as "the biography of Zuo family, the extreme of history, literary talent as cloud and moon, high and deep as mountain and sea"

The position of Zuozhuan in historiography has been commented as an important work of historical records and Hanshu after Shangshu and Chunqiu.

the style

According to the order of the twelve princes of the state of Lu, the history of all aspects at that time was recorded. A total of 180000 words.

1. The 11th year of Yin Gong (722-712 BC)

2. The 18th year of HuanGong (711-694 BC)

3. 32 years of zhuanggong (693-662 BC)

4. Min Gong 2 years (661-660 BC)

5. The 33rd year of Yugong (659-627 BC)

6. The 18th year of Wengong (626-609 BC)

7. The 18th year of Xuangong (608-591 BC)

8. The 18th year of Chenggong (590-573 BC)

9. Xianggong 31 (572-542 BC)

10. 32 years of Zhaogong (541-510 BC)

11. The 15th year of Dinggong (509-495 BC)

12. The 27th year of AI Gong (494-468 BC)

13. At the end of the book are attached four years of mourning and the death of Zhibo

Research bibliography

·In Jin Dynasty, Du Yu's annotation of Chunqiu Jing Zhuan Ji Jie is the earliest annotation of Zuozhuan.

·Thirty volume edition of four part series (with one volume of chronology)

·"Si Bu Bei Yao" is called "collection and explanation of Du's family in the spring and Autumn Annals of Zuo's family" (30 volumes attached with the picture of year number unification and chronology)

·Shanghai People's Publishing House "four part series" Song engraved copy, known as "spring and autumn Zuozhuan Jijie", 1977

·Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House revised and reprinted the collection and interpretation of Chunqiu Zuozhuan by Shanghai People's publishing house, named the collection and interpretation of Chunqiu jingzhuan, isbn7-80569-058-8, 1989

·In Tang Dynasty, Kong Yingda's "spring and autumn Zuo Zhuan Zheng Yi", annotated edition, 60 volumes. Isbn7-301-04724, Peking University Press, 2000

·Wang Anshi's spring and Autumn Annals of the Song Dynasty has been lost.

·Chunqiu Zuozhuan Gu by Hong Liangji of Qing Dynasty isbn7-5325-1733-0 Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1994

·Liu Wenqi et al. In Qing Dynasty

·Textual research on Zuozhuan Jiushu by Liu Wenqi of Qing Dynasty

·Tong Shuye, a study of Zuo Zhuan in spring and Autumn period, Shanghai People's publishing house, 1980.

·Zhao Guangxian's spring and Autumn Annals and Zuo Zhuan

·Xu Renfu, Zuozhuan Shuzheng, Sichuan people's publishing house, 1981

·He Leshi, research on Zuozhuan function words, commercial press, 1989, isbn7-100-00057-2

·Shen Yucheng and Liu Ning, historical manuscript of Zuozhuan studies in spring and Autumn period, Jiangsu ancient books publishing house, 1992, isbn7-80519-380-0

·Sun Lvyi, Zuo Zhuan and Chinese classical novels, Peking University Press, 1992, isbn7-301-01739-1

·Wu Maxi, a textual research on Zuo's biography in spring and autumn, Xuehai publishing house, 1982

·Cheng Nan Zhou, a comparative study of the annotations of Jia Kui and Du Yu in the spring and Autumn Annals of Zuo Zhuan, Wenjin press, 1982

·Zhang duansui, a study of Zuozhuan thought, Taiwan Xuehai publishing house, 1987

·Zeng Qinliang, a study of poetry education in Zuozhuan's poetry quotation, Wenjin publishing house, 1993, ISBN 957-668-079-4

·Three biographies of spring and autumn by Fu Lipu, China Friendship Publishing Company, 1984

·Gu Jiegang, a comprehensive study of the three biographies of the spring and Autumn period and Mandarin, Bashu publishing house, 1988, isbn7-80523-146-x

·Xie Xiuwen, textual research on the three biographies of the spring and Autumn period, Taiwan literature, history and philosophy press, 1984

·Pu Weizhong, a comprehensive study of the three biographies of the spring and Autumn period, Wenjin press, 1995, ISBN 957-668-283-5

·Yang Bojun, Chunqiu Zuozhuan Zhu, Zhonghua Book Company, 1981, isbn7101002625 (2000)

·Wang Boxiang, Zuo Zhuan reader, Kaiming bookstore, 1940

·Zhu Dongrun, selected works of Zuo Zhuan, Shanghai Classical Literature Press, 1956

·Selected works of Zuo Zhuan by Xu Zhongshu, Zhonghua Book Company, 1963

·Shen Yucheng, translation of Zuo Zhuan, Zhonghua Book Company, 1981

·Selected translation of Zuo Zhuan by Qu mouyuan, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1982

·Selected works of Zuo Zhuan by Lin Xinqiao, Fujian Education Press, 1985

·Li zongdong, the translation of Zuo Zhuan in spring and Autumn period, Taiwan Commercial Press, 1984

·Wang Shouqian, complete translation of Zuo Zhuan, Guizhou people's publishing house, 1990, isbn7-221-01571-6

·The authenticity of Zuozhuan and the annotation of Zuozhuan

·Japanese Yasuhiro's Zuo Zhuan Ji Shi

·"Zuozhuan Huijian" by Guanghong Takeda, Japan

Chinese PinYin : Zuo Chuan