Marlin

Marlin

Hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie sneviet (Dutch: hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie sneviet) (May 14, 1883 - April 13, 1942), pseudonym marlin, is a Dutch Communist and one of the founders of the Communist Party of Indonesia and the Communist Party of China.

Life of the characters

Communication revolution

Born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Marin joined the Dutch railway system as a worker in 1900 and joined the Dutch Social Democratic Party and the railway union. In 1907, Marin became the first city councillor of the Dutch Social Democratic Party. In 1911, some Dutch trade unions took part in the International Seamen's strike, but most members of the Dutch social democratic party opposed it. Tired of the quarrel between the two factions, Marin decided to go to Dutch East India to spread revolutionary ideas. Malin arrived in the Dutch East India in 1913 and then took an active part in the local activities against the Dutch colonial authorities. In 1914, he participated in the creation of the Indonesian Social Democratic Union (one of the predecessors of the Indonesian Communist Party). Malin led an active labor movement in Indonesia, which not only aroused the opposition of the Dutch colonial authorities, but also did not conform to the opinion of the majority members of the Dutch Social Democratic Party. In 1916, Malin quit the Social Democratic Party of the Netherlands and joined the Communist Party of the Netherlands. after the October Revolution, the Dutch colonial authorities worried that Marlin's radical ideas and popularity among the local residents would lead to a revolution. He was forced to leave Indonesia in 1918. After returning to the Netherlands, Marin continued to work hard to mobilize the workers' movement, and disagreed with the leadership of the Dutch Communist Party.

Helping to build the Chinese Communist Party

In 1920, Malin, as a representative of the Indonesian Communist Party, went to Moscow to attend the second congress of the Communist International, and was elected executive member of the Communist International and Secretary of the Committee on national colonial issues. At the meeting, Lenin was deeply impressed by marlin and decided to send him to China to help Chinese Communists establish their own political party. On June 3, 1921, Marlin arrived in Shanghai on the acqulia. His pseudonym is Andresen, and his public identity is a reporter. He first stayed in Dadong Hotel on the upper floor of Yong'an company, and soon moved to Maigen Road (now No. 32 Huai'an Road) in the public concession, and then moved to Huishan Road (now No. 6 Huoshan Road). During his stay in China, Malin presided over the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China and some subsequent meetings. After the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Chen Duxiu returned from Guangzhou to Shanghai to preside over the work of the Central Committee, and Ma Lin, as an international representative, often assisted. At this time, Ma Lin urged the Communist Party of China to accept the economic assistance from the Communist International, but Chen Duxiu began to refuse to accept it out of self-esteem. Soon after Chen was arrested, he was released by using several thousand yuan of funds allocated by the Communist International to get through the relationship. Chen Duxiu felt that the CPC's foreign aid was very important when it had no financial revenue, and agreed to participate in the Communist International.

Lead the KMT and CPC

According to Ma Lin's experience in Java, the Communist Party of China, which has only dozens of Party members, should cooperate with the Kuomintang, which claims to have hundreds of thousands of Party members, so as to promote the national movement and achieve great development. As a representative of the Communist International, accompanied by Zhang Tailei, a translator, he went to Guilin in late 1921 to meet with Sun Yat Sen. Malin proposed the possibility of cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang, and introduced the new economic policy of the Soviet Union. Sun Yat Sen immediately said excitedly that this is in line with his principle of people's livelihood. Although he does not believe in Marxism, his thoughts are basically the same. Although no formal cooperation agreement was reached during this trip, it was the first time that Sun Yat Sen decided on the policy of "uniting Russia and accommodating the Communist Party". On July 11, 1922, Malin submitted a report to the Executive Committee of the Communist International, introducing the founding of the Communist Party of China and Sun Yat Sen, a member of the Kuomintang he visited. the Executive Committee of the Communist International gave instructions to the Communist Party of China to move the Central Committee to Guangzhou immediately, and asked the Communist Party of China and Ma Lin to cooperate closely in the work of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The instructions, signed by vikinski, were carefully printed on a piece of white silk and sewn into Marlin's shirt. At the same time, under the arrangement of the Comintern, Malin also obtained a status of being a reporter stationed in the Far East by the Comintern and the international news. On July 24, 1922, Malin embarked on the road to Shanghai for the second time. After arriving in Shanghai, Malin helped organize the Chinese workers' movement. During the strike of Kailuan coalmine alliance, he ignored the danger of face exposure, accompanied by the CPC members, went deep into the mine, talked with the workers and mobilized them. In June 1923, Malin attended the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Guangzhou. At the meeting, he decided to cooperate with the Communist Party of China in the form of joining the Kuomintang, which is exactly similar to his experience in Java. However, Malin did not have a good understanding of how the Communists maintained their independence and were wary of the KMT Rightists' anti communism, so he had a great contradiction with the CPC leaders. In 1924, Malin was recalled and replaced by vikinski. After Malin returned to Moscow, he had a difference of opinion with the Eastern Department of the Communist International, so he resigned and returned to China as the leader of the Dutch Communist Party. After the failure of the great revolution in 1927, Ma Lin once said with deep emotion to the familiar Chinese comrades, "China's problems, we all have the responsibility to lose a move. In the future, we should face up to our mistakes and strive to move forward.".

Die bravely

In 1927, Marlin broke with the Dutch Communist Party, formed his own political party, and joined the fourth international of Trotsky organization. During this period, he was once arrested and jailed. Soon after that, Malin and his party left the fourth international to form an alliance with the British Independent Labor Party and the Spanish Marxist united workers' party. Marlin was elected a member of the Dutch house of Commons in prison in 1933, and he has been leading the Dutch workers' movement since then. When Nazi Germany occupied Holland in 1940, Marlin immediately dissolved his political party and turned to organize guerrilla warfare against German aggression, establishing the Marx Lenin Luxembourg front. Marlin published a secret newspaper, Spartak, to encourage the Dutch people to rise up against the invaders. In 1942, Malin, together with other major leaders of the Marx Lenin Luxembourg front, was captured by Nazi Germany and shot on April 13. It is said that before their execution, they all sang the Internationale.

Main achievements

During Malin's two years in China, the Communist Party of China accepted the leadership of the Communist International, and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party also began substantive cooperation. When he first came to China, he declared that "we should build the largest and real political party of China, the Kuomintang, into a mass political party". Therefore, he chose a road of cooperation with the Comintern and the Kuomintang for the early Chinese Communist Party. From August 28 to 30, 1922, at the proposal of Ma Lin, the CPC Central Committee held a special meeting in Hangzhou West Lake to discuss the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. He conveyed the August instructions of the Communist International to the participants. After discussion, the meeting basically reached an agreement. After the meeting, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Cai Hesen, Zhang Guotao, Zhang Tailei and other leaders of the CPC Central Committee joined the Kuomintang one after another and began to help Sun Yat Sen reorganize the Kuomintang. The West Lake Conference marked a significant change in the political position of the CPC, that is, to work with the KMT in the form of "intra party cooperation", which was an important step forward in the cooperation between the KMT and the CPC. From June 12 to 20, 1923, the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held, and Malin attended the meeting as a representative of the Communist International. Finally, the Three Party Congress established the specific principles and policies of KMT communist cooperation. This paved the way for the first National Congress of the Kuomintang held in January 1924 and indicated the official start of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

Anecdotes and allusions

As an international professional revolutionary, Marlin was arrested in April 1921 when he received a visa to China in Vienna, Austria. After his release, he was listed as a target by the police of Western powers. After arriving in Shanghai on June 3, Malin registered with the Dutch Consulate General (otherwise he would be expelled), and held public activities as a reporter of local economist magazine in Shanghai. But the spies soon got hold of him. * * the Japanese police agency received information from the end of June 1921, saying that the Shanghai Communist Party will convene representatives from various parts of the country, and then notify the Anglo French concession in Shanghai. As for the source of the intelligence, it is estimated that Li Da from Shanghai secretly checked the letter to Kagoshima, Japan, informing Zhou Fohai. When Zhou Fohai was in Japan, he once publicized communist ideas to his classmates, which soon attracted the surveillance of the police department. Li Da's letter informing him that he would attend the founding meeting of the Communist Party in Shanghai was likely to be checked by post. On July 30, 1921, when the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China was discussing the party platform, a suspicious stranger broke into the meeting hall, claiming to have found the wrong place. Malin, who has underground work experience, immediately announced that the meeting would be over and the venue would be changed. Within ten minutes of the delegates' evacuation, the French police surrounded the venue and searched it. Li Da later recalled: "if we didn't have Marlin's alertness, we would have been caught all at once."

Historical evaluation

Zhang Guotao: "he is a Dutchman with strong physique. At a glance, he looks like a Prussian soldier." "When he talks, he often shows the genius of his orator. Sometimes, he has a strong voice and strong eyes. The stubbornness of his insistence sometimes seemed to duel with his opponents. As a veteran socialist, he worked in Dutch East India for many years and sympathized with the oppressed peoples in the East, such as Shanghai

Chinese PinYin : Ma Lin