Chennault
Claire Lee Chennault
Claire Lee Chennault (September 6, 1893 - July 27, 1958), male, US Army Air Force lieutenant general and pilot, was born in Cummings, Texas, USA. on June 3, 1936, Song Meiling appointed Chennault as China's air force consultant to help establish China's air force.
On August 1, 1941, the American Volunteer air force of the Chinese air force was established, and Chennault served as the captain. On July 4, 1942, AVF was transformed into a US Air Force Task Force in China, and Chennault served as Brigadier General Commander. Chennault died on July 27, 1958. The U.S. Department of defense buried him in Arlington military cemetery in Washington with the most solemn military ceremony.
On September 2015, China's president Xi Jinping presented the 70th Anniversary Commemorative Medal of victory to Chenault's widow.
Life of the characters
On September 6, 1893, he was born into a small farmer's family in Cummings, Texas, and later moved to Louisiana with his family.
In 1908, Chennault and his brother bill came to baturouk to study agriculture at Louisiana State University, and then transferred to the normal college.
In 1911, he graduated from Louisiana State Normal College, worked as a country teacher, married Nell Thomson, and worked as an English teacher at birock business school and a sports coach at Louisville Christian Church.
In August 1917, he was admitted to Benjamin Sergeant school in Indiana. In November, he became an army lieutenant and was sent to serve in the 90th division.
In 1918, he was recruited as a pilot at Kelly airport. In autumn, Chennault went to Mitchell airport on Long Island to serve as an adjutant to the 46th fighter team. In October, he was sent to France to take part in the war and returned midway due to the surrender of Germany.
In 1919, he studied in Cleveland aviation school and achieved excellent results.
In the spring of 1920, he withdrew from the military and returned to his hometown. In autumn, he got the position of pilot and was employed as an air force officer by the newly formed army air force, thus turning into a formal flight.
In 1921, he was sent to serve at Ellington airport in Texas.
In 1923, he was sent to Hawaii to command the 19th Fighter Squadron, and compiled the "fighter flight skills manual".
In 1926, he was sent to Brooks airport in Texas as a flight instructor and began to try paratrooper training.
In 1930, Chennault was recommended to study at the Langley Air Force Tactical School in Virginia. After graduation in Alabama Maxwell airport aviation Tactical School as a fighter tactical instructor.
In 1932, the U.S. Army Air Force appointed Chennault to form and lead a stunt demonstration team. Chennault and his two foreign partners developed a set of flying stunts and combat techniques.
In 1934, he took part in the land air joint exercise and was removed from the list of officers because of the conflict between tactical problems and general staff officer Kilbourne of the Army Department.
In 1935, he wrote the role of defensive pursuit.
In January 1936, Colonel Mao bangchu of the air force of the Republic of China invited him to serve as a flight instructor at the central aviation school in Jianqiao, Hangzhou. On June 3, Song Meiling appointed him as an adviser to the air force of the Republic of China to help establish the air force of the Kuomintang.
In April 1937, he retired as a captain. In early July, Chennault arrived in China to investigate the air force. In August, he participated in the KMT's supreme Defense Conference and worked out the operational plan of the Chinese air force. Under the pressure of Japanese diplomacy, Chennault's activities gradually turned to private.
In 1938, under the command of Song Meiling, China aviation training school was established in Liuzhou. Later, the school moved to Kunming to train the Chinese air force and establish a ground air strike early warning network.
In 1940, summoned by Chiang Kai Shek, he and Mao bangchu went to the United States to recruit pilots and buy airplanes.
On August 1, 1941, the US volunteer air force of the Chinese air force was established in the name of a private organization, with Chennault as the captain of the colonel. In July and October, more than 200 people came to China in two batches. On December 7, Chennault led the 1st and 2nd squadrons to Kunming.
On July 4, 1942, AVF was transformed into a US Air Force Task Force in China, and Chennault served as Brigadier General Commander.
In March 1943, the U.S. Air Force Task Force in China was expanded to the 14th Air Force of the U.S. Army. Chennault was promoted to major general commander. In the same year, Chennault established the China US Air Force mixed combat command in Kunming, China's theater of operations. Chennault served as commander. The headquarters are located in Kunming and Zhijiang, Hunan.
In May 1943, at the Trident meeting, in addition to coordinating the operational policy against Germany and Japan, the strategic issues of the Sino Myanmar India war zone were also discussed. Chennault was given the first priority of air force supplies to China and was individually summoned by Roosevelt in the White House after the meeting. On July 25, Chennault was appointed chief of staff of the air force of the Republic of China. In October, a mixed wing of the Chinese and American air forces was formed and put into operation. The wing belongs to the order of the Chinese air force, and Chennault has the command.
On July 31, 1945, Chennault submitted his resignation, which was immediately approved by Wei Demi and others. August 8, leaving China. In December, Chennault returned to China.
In January 1946, Chennault and the China Refugee Relief Administration jointly initiated the establishment of the "air transportation company of the China Refugee Relief Administration" (later changed to the China Civil Aviation air transportation company). In October, a civil aviation air transport team was set up to deliver emergency supplies to the aftercare and emergency department of the Executive Yuan.
She married Chen Xiangmei, a Chinese journalist, on December 21, 194.
In 1949, Chennault's memoir the road of a soldier was published in New York.
In June 1950, the air transport team was reorganized into a holding company, and Chennault was the chairman of the company.
In August 1956, cancer was found in the physical examination and the operation was performed.
On August 1, 1957, he was listed as one of the top ten Air Force leaders of the United States at the golden anniversary of the 50th anniversary of the air force held in Washington.
On July 18, 1958, President Eisenhower and the United States Congress approved the promotion of Chennault as lieutenant general. Chennault died of lung cancer in New Orleans hospital on the 27th. The U.S. Department of defense will bury him at Arlington military cemetery in Washington.
Main contributions
In October 1943, the Sino US mixed flight wing of the Chinese air force was established in Guilin. Under the command of Chennault, the Sino US mixed flight regiment moved around and became the main force of the Chinese air force in the later period of the Anti Japanese war. By the end of the Anti Japanese War, 2600 enemy planes had been shot down, 2.23 million tons of enemy merchant ships and 44 warships had been sunk or severely damaged. 1300 inland ships of less than 100 tons killed more than 66700 Japanese officers. Most members of the mixed regiment were awarded by the Chinese government, and more than 10 pilots were awarded the flying cross by the US and British governments.
During the seven months of fighting from the end of 1941 to the middle of 1942, the Flying Tigers lost 12 aircraft in the air and destroyed 61 aircraft on the ground (including 22 self destructed during the retreat), and achieved the record of destroying nearly 300 enemy aircraft. The Flying Tigers lost 26 pilots.
Main story
Since 1939, Japan has been carrying out incessant and crazy bombing to Chongqing, Chengdu and other places in China's rear area. The Chinese air force was unable to resist the attack of Japanese air force, and China's Anti Japanese War reached the most difficult period. In October 1940, Chiang Kai Shek, chairman of China's Supreme National Defense Commission, urgently summoned Chennault, a consultant of China Aviation Commission, who was far away from Kunming. Chiang Kai Shek hoped that the United States would assist China, strengthen the US Air Force in China, and make up the maximum strength of the first-line air force in China's theater. At the end of October, Chennault, Mao bangchu and Song Ziwen, who arrived in the United States, put forward a purchase plan after studying. After several twists and turns, US President Roosevelt approved the aid of aircraft and personnel to China, and ordered the Ministry of foreign affairs, navy and army to hold a joint meeting to decide to sell the 100 P40 fighters originally planned to be delivered to the UK but not yet launched to China.
On April 15, 1941, US President Roosevelt issued an undisclosed order to allow reserve aviation officers and soldiers of the army and navy to join the Chinese volunteer air force and participate in China's Anti Japanese war as a civilian. On July 28, American volunteers began to gather in Rangoon and were sent to Tonggu, about 170 miles north of Rangoon. The Chinese government decided to borrow the British Air Force Base in Tonggu, Myanmar for combat training. The aircraft is assembled by technicians sent by Yunnan Leiyun central aircraft manufacturing plant. On August 1, Chiang Kai Shek signed order No. 5987, and an American Volunteer brigade was set up today. Colonel Chennault formed the brigade from the American volunteers who had arrived in China to take part in the war. Colonel Chennault was the commander of the brigade. On August 22, Chennault flew to Tonggu, where the volunteer team began training in the rainy season.
In the middle of October 1941, the American volunteer team of the Chinese Air Force completed its combat preparations. The first batch of more than 20 fighters were also assembled and transported to Yangon. The volunteer team is divided into three squadrons: Adam and Eve, panda and hellangel. On December 10, Chennault sent 21 P40 fighters from the third corps to the Guangming galaton airport to assist the British air defense. On the 18th, the headquarters of the volunteer team and the first and second squadrons flew to Kunming via Lashio, Myanmar, and entered Wujiaba airport.
It is recorded that shortly after the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Chennault went to the suburbs of Kunming as a volunteer to set up an aviation school to train the Chinese air force according to the US military standards. He also actively assisted the Chinese air force in fighting against Japan, and personally piloted the plane to fight. However, there was no record of the achievements and the number of enemy annihilations. According to the letter that Chennault wrote to his ex-wife at the Flying Tigers exhibition hall in Chongqing, Chennault said in the letter that he
Chinese PinYin : Chen Na De
Chennault
