Hua Mulan

Hua Mulan

Hua Mulan, a heroine in ancient China, is loyal and righteous. She joined the army on behalf of her father and defeated the invading nation. Her deeds have been handed down to the present day. The emperor of Tang Dynasty named her "Xiaolie general".

The spread of Hua Mulan's story is due to Mulan Ci, a folk song. However, Hua Mulan's surname and native place are not recorded in historical books. Hua Mulan's story is expressed in many literary works, such as movies, TV dramas, singing and dancing Henan opera, etc.

There are four Mulan in history, all of them are brave chivalrous women.

Source of characters

Hua Mulan is one of the four heroines in ancient Chinese legend. She is a heroine with strong legend color in the southern and Northern Dynasties. Her story is also a tragic heroic epic. Hua Mulan first appeared in a narrative poem "Mulan Ci" of the southern and Northern Dynasties. It was written in the Northern Wei Dynasty of the southern and Northern Dynasties, and was initially included in the ancient and modern music records of Chen of the Southern Dynasties. "Mulan is not well known," the monk Zhijiang said in the ancient and modern music record It is more than 300 words long and later polished by scholars of Sui and Tang Dynasties. In 429 ad, the battle of breaking Rouran in the Northern Wei Dynasty was recorded in three marches in the official history, which matched the place names mentioned in Mulan CI. In the book of Wei, the first chapter of Shizu Ji: "drive to Dongyuan, go to Heishan.". The ninety first biography of the Wei Dynasty: "driving out of the East Road to Heishan North across the Yanran mountain. The eighty sixth biography of the northern history: "driving out of the East Road to Heishan North of Yanran mountain. It should be noted that Yanshan is often referred to as Yanshan in ancient poetry.

Xu Wei, a writer of the Ming Dynasty, adapted Mulan poem as female Mulan joining the army for her father. In the play, she claimed: "my family name is Hua Ming Mulan, and my ancestors lived in Wei County of Hebei Province in the Western Han Dynasty. My father's name is Sangzhi. He was a good martial arts writer in his life. In the old days, he was also a famous chieftain. " Since then, Mulan's father is Hua arc, her sister is Hua Mulian, her younger brother is Hua Xiong, and her mother is Hua Yuan.

From Mulan poem in the northern and Southern Dynasties to female Mulan by Xu Wei in the Ming Dynasty and Hua Mulan in Henan opera, a system of Mulan story evolution has been formed.

Derivative image

Drama image

The story image of Hua Mulan in Hua Bu's Hua Mulan in Qing Dynasty, also known as "on behalf of father", has the greatest influence on many Hua Mulan stories. The plot of the story is the invasion of the border nationality. The imperial court orders he Tingyu to take charge of the army. Hua Mulan joins the army for his father. He meets Liu Zhong and others on the way. Hua Mulan is very handsome. He Tingyu intends to give his daughter he Cuili to Hua Mulan, but Hua Mulan politely refuses Yu is surrounded when she goes out to fight. Hua Mulan is serious and never sends her troops rashly. He Ting's daughter, he min, doesn't know Hua Mulan is her daughter. Because she hates Hua Mulan for refusing to marry, she leads her servant girls into Hua Mulan's tent because Hua Mulan refuses to save her father. Because He Min has a special identity, the soldiers will not dare to stop and rescue her. He Min blames Hua Mulan and exposes her daughter. He Min regrets what she has done and admires Hua Mulan for her filial piety and righteousness. Finally, he helps Hua Mulan save her father and marshal by encircling the Wei and rescuing Zhao. After the success, Hua Mulan refuses to be granted the title of minister Lang of the imperial court and returns home to restore her skirt and hairpin. He Tingyu still wants to marry her daughter to Mulan and come to Mulan After the marriage of general he Minzhong and general he, they met each other.

Huamulan, a part of Huabu opera, evolved into Huamulan, a Henan opera. The eight scenes of Huamulan are as follows: the first scene is machine room, the second scene is farewell, the third scene is journey, the fourth scene is saving the commander, the fifth scene is camp patrol, the sixth scene is breaking the enemy, the seventh scene is marriage promotion, and the eighth scene is return to glory. The plot content is similar to Mulan poem and female Mulan Xiaoyi, namely, the three plot structures of determination to join the army for my father, to join the army for my father, and to return home.

Romance novel

In the novel Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties written by Chu Renhuo in Qing Dynasty, Hua Mulan's story is set at the time of Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the reign of Yi Ning, Emperor Gong of the Sui Dynasty, the Turks invaded the border. Mulan disguised herself as a man and joined the army on behalf of her father. After fighting with Dou xianniang, she was captured. Xianniang verified her female identity and became a sister with her. Dou Jiande is defeated. Xianniang asks Hua Mulan to send a letter to Luo Cheng. Mulan goes back to visit her parents on her way home. Unfortunately, Khan learns that Hua Yingxiong is her daughter and wants to recruit her to the palace. Hua Mulan gives the letter to her sister Hua Youlan and asks her to deliver the letter on her behalf. After that, she commits suicide. (Chapter 56, 57, 60 of the romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties).

In addition, the biography of the strange daughter of loyalty, filial piety, bravery and bravery is also influential. It tells that Mulan, the daughter of Zhu Ruoxu in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, was intelligent from childhood and understood the tenets of the three religions at the age of ten. After her father's death, she was poor and lived on weaving machines. In her spare time, she rode on horses and arched, and had martial arts skills. At that time, when Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty conquered Turks, Mulan disguised herself as a man and joined the army on behalf of her father. Mulan broke through the magic and Yumen pass with a magic talisman. On her way back, she met a Confucian master in Wutai Mountain and heard about Confucius and Mencius. Mulan Dawu, repeatedly on the table, do not want to enter the court as an official. After listening to slander, Emperor Taizong called Mulan to Beijing for the third time to murder Mulan. Mulan three on the table, pull sword gouge chest, in order to show loyalty. Taizong big regret, granted Mulan zhenlie princess, inscribed its Fang day "loyal, filial and brave", buried at the foot of Mulan mountain.

historical background

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Rouran tribe, a nomadic people in the north, continued to harass the south. The Northern Wei regime stipulated that each family should send a man to the front line. But Mulan's father is old and sick, unable to go to the battlefield, and her younger brother is still young. Therefore, Mulan decided to join the army for her father and began her military life for more than ten years.

It's hard for many men to go to the border to fight, but Mulan has to hide her identity and kill the enemy with her partners, which is more difficult than ordinary soldiers.

It is gratifying that Hua Mulan finally completed her mission and returned home triumphantly decades later. Because of her great contribution, the emperor absolved her of the crime of bullying the monarch. At the same time, he thought that she had the ability to serve in the imperial court and hold a half office. However, Hua Mulan refused because she had an old father to take care of, and asked the emperor to let her return home to compensate and honor her parents.

For thousands of years, Hua Mulan has always been a woman respected by the Chinese people, because she is brave and simple. In 1998, Disney adapted the story of Hua Mulan into a cartoon, which was welcomed by the whole world.

Mulan poem has been listed in middle school textbooks and has been chanted by thousands of people from generation to generation. Mulan's deeds and image have been put on the stage and performed for a long time. Her spirit inspires thousands of Chinese people to defend the country.

The mystery of surname

The Mulan surname Hua is mentioned in Zuchongzhi's shuyiji and Li Kang's Yizhi, while the Qing Dynasty's "summary of quhai General Catalogue - female Mulan" says: "although the story of Mulan is detailed in ancient Yuefu. According to the Ming Dynasty, there was a case of Han Zhennv, which was similar to Mulan, so Wei Gai made it. Mulan is not well-known. In the book, the surname Hua, the name arc and the marriage to Wang Lang were all written by Wei

It is said that Mulan's surname is Zhu. In the annals of Huangpi county during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, it said: "Mulan, the daughter of Zhu of this county, was born in the early Tang Dynasty The fake man joined the army on behalf of his father So far, his home is still at the foot of Mulan mountain. "

Jiao Hong also said in his "Jiao's pen ride": "Mulan, a Zhu's woman, takes the place of her father. Today, Huangpi County in Huangzhou is 70 Li north of Mulan County in Sui Dynasty. There are Mulan mountain, general tomb and martyr temple, which are enough to make up for the lack of Yuefu inscription There is another saying that Mulan is surnamed Wei, and there is another saying that Mulan is surnamed Han.

Character controversy

Name Dispute

Hua Mulan's story has spread far and wide, and has been well-known for more than 1000 years. However, there are still different opinions on her family name, former residence and birth date.

As for her surname, some people say it's Zhu, some say it's Mulan, some say it's Wei. Xu Wei of Ming Dynasty said that her surname is Hua and Mulan in four sound ape. Her father Hua arc (Zhu Wenlu) is a reserve officer, her elder sister Hua Mulian, her younger brother Hua Xiong, and her mother's surname is yuan. There are five members in her family, which is still accepted by everyone.

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, after hundreds of years of artistic re creation, the artistic image of "Hua Mulan" is becoming more and more perfect. So far, more than 20 kinds of Mulan opera have been performed, such as Beijing opera, Yue opera, Han Opera, Kunqu Opera, Qinqiang opera, Pingju opera, Huangmei Opera, etc. in particular, the national tour of Hua Mulan by Chang Xiangyu, the master, has a far-reaching influence on the people, and the Title of Hua Mulan has gradually been "fixed" in people's hearts.

Besides, Zhu's surname is Mulan. Bai Juyi of Tang Dynasty said in the play Title magnolia flower: "it's so strange that Mulan once came as a girl." Du Mu also wrote a poem titled Mulan Temple: "bend the bow to fight as a man, once with thrush in my dream. Several times I thought of returning home, I still drank wine and pushed it up to Princess Ming. "

This shows that the story of Mulan has been popular in the Tang Dynasty. The Mulan temple in Du Shili is located in Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. Up to now, there are Mulan ancestral temple, Mulan tomb and general square. There are Mulan mountain, general tomb and martyr temple, which are enough to make up for the lack of Yuefu inscription According to the above historical data, some experts and scholars believe that Mulan should be surnamed "Zhu".

In addition, there are also such sayings as "Han" surname Mulan, Sichuan Langzhong people, compound surname "Mulan" and Xianbei people. Looking up the most authoritative dictionary of words, it is explained as follows: "Mulan's surname is either flower, or Zhu, or wood.

Hou Youzao's "distinguishing and correcting the statue of general Xiaolie's ancestral hall" said: "general Wei's family is a virgin, and his name is Mulan. Over the years, there are eight battles in ten battles, and twelve turns in CE Xun. During the pilgrimage, the emperor was pleased with his merits and bravery, and gave him a Book of honor. If long Chong doesn't go, he will play the role of introspection. Supporting soldiers to return Qiao, creating father's room, releasing military clothes, restoring boudoir clothes, all of them were shocked. Xian said that since the birth of the people, it has not been covered. The guards zhenlv also, with strange news in the dynasty. Summon to the palace, to accept the palace, the general said: Minister is no less than the monarch's etiquette. He refused by oath of death. He was forced to commit suicide. Therefore, the posthumous title of Xiaolie is also pursued. " flower

Chinese PinYin : Hua Mu Lan