Cai Yuanpei

Cai Yuanpei

Cai Yuanpei (from January 11, 1868 to March 5, 1940) was born in Shanyin County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province (now Shaoxing), whose ancestral home is Zhuji, Zhejiang Province. Educators, revolutionaries, politicians. He is a democratic progressive, executive member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, member of the national government and President of the supervisory yuan. The first minister of education of the Republic of China. One of the four senior members of the Kuomintang.

From 1917 to 1927, he served as president of Peking University, innovating Peking University and opening up the trend of "academic" and "freedom"; from 1920 to 1930, Cai Yuanpei also served as president of Sino French university. In his early years, he took part in the struggle against the imperial system of the Qing Dynasty. In the early years of the Republic of China, he presided over the formulation of the first decree of modern higher education in China, the University decree.

During the northern expedition, after the founding of Nanjing as the capital of the national government, he presided over the education administrative committee, set up the University and Academia Sinica of the Republic of China, and led the reform of education and academic system. In 1927, he took part in the movement of protecting the country and saving the party. He thought that the party should be cleaned up, but he opposed killing people. From 1928 to 1940, he served as the president of Academia Sinica, carrying out the idea of academic research. Cai Yuanpei went to Germany and France to study philosophy, literature, aesthetics, psychology and cultural history, which laid the ideological and theoretical foundation for his reform of feudal education. In 1933, Cai Yuanpei proposed to establish the National Central Museum, and he also served as the chairman of the first Council. At the beginning of the Anti Japanese War, Cai Yuanpei, Li Linzhao and other well-known figures in Shanghai cultural circles jointly organized and established the Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association, which actively organized and mobilized the cultural circles and the people to join in the Anti Japanese salvation movement. He died in Hong Kong on March 5, 1940. Chinese Cemetery on Aberdeen hill.

Life of the characters

On January 11, 1868, Tongzhi Ding Mao was born on December 17, 1868 in Shanyin County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. In 1871, at the age of four, Cai Yuanpei entered a family school.

In 1878, in the fourth year of Wuyin reign of Emperor Guangxu, Cai Yuanpei was 11 years old. His father Cai Guangpu died of illness.

In 1879, when he was 12 years old in the fifth year of Guangxu, he went to his aunt's home to study. In 1880, in the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, when Cai Yuanpei was 13 years old, he was transferred from his aunt's family to Li's family. In 1884, when Cai Yuanpei was 17 years old, he was admitted as a scholar. In 1885, when Cai Yuanpei was 18 years old, he set up a library to teach.

In 1889, when Cai Yuanpei was 22 years old, he was elected. In the same year, he married his first wife, Wang Zhao. In 1890, in the 16th year of Guangxu, when Cai Yuanpei was 23 years old, he went to Beijing and became a Gongshi in the imperial examination, but did not take the imperial examination.

In 1892, when Cai Yuanpei was 25 years old in the 18th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he passed the imperial examination and was named the imperial scholar. The result of the palace examination is grade 2a-34 (equal to the 37th place in the national unified examination), and the content is "the geographical location of Tibet".

In 1894, in the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, when Cai Yuanpei was 27 years old, he was appointed editor of the Imperial Academy. In this year, the Sino Japanese war broke out and began to contact Western learning and sympathize with the reform. In September 1898, he returned to Shaoxing and served as the supervisor of Shaoxing Zhongxi school, advocating new learning.

In 1900, in the 26th year of gengzi, Cai Yuanpei was 33 years old. Because his wife was constrained by feudal ideas, their feelings were always at a state of discord. When he gradually accepted the new western ideas, he began to rethink the definition of women's rights, so he wrote the couple's pact and readjusted his relationship with his wife Wang Zhao.

In the summer of 1901, in the 27th year of xinchou, when Cai Yuanpei was 34 years old, he went to Shanghai to act as the principal of Chengzhong school (now Shanghai Chengzhong senior high school). In September 1901, he was employed as the general teacher of the special economic class of Nanyang public school. On January 1, 1902, in the 28th year of renyin, Cai Yuanpei held his second wedding in Hangzhou with his former student, Ms. Huang Zhongyu.

In 1902, at the age of 35, Cai Yuanpei, together with Jiang Zhiyou and others, founded the China Education Association in Shanghai and served as its president. He also founded the patriotic society and the patriotic women's school. They were all promoted as prime ministers. In 1903, in the 29th year of guimao, the activities of the patriotic society aroused the vigilance of the Qing government and ordered investigation. Cai Yuanpei traveled to Qingdao, Japan, Shaoxing, Shanghai and other places. On the one hand, he studied German and was ready to study in Germany to avoid the limelight. On the other hand, he was still engaged in educational and revolutionary activities.

In 1903, in order to resist the Russian government's coveting of China's Northern Territory, Cai Yuanpei, together with Shanghai anti Qing revolutionaries, set up "Russian Affairs Police News" (later changed to "alarm bell daily") in the name of the Russian comrades Association. In 1904, at the age of 37, he organized and established the restoration society in Shanghai.

In 1905, at the age of 38 in Yisi 31, the alliance was founded and the restoration association was incorporated. Sun Yat Sen appointed Cai Yuanpei as the head of the Shanghai Branch of the alliance.

In May 1907, when Ding Wei was 40 years old in his 33rd year, he went to Berlin, Germany, with the help of sun Baoqi, an envoy to Germany, to attend lectures in Leipzig University and study psychology, aesthetics, philosophy and other subjects. Cai Yuanpei, a Chinese language teacher who teaches four nephews of Tang Shaoyi (later the first Prime Minister of the Republic of China), has been studying abroad for four years. During his four years in Germany, he compiled a number of academic books such as the history of Chinese ethics.

In the first ten days of November 1911, the revolution of 1911 broke out in the third year of Xuantong. Under the urging of Chen Qimei's telegram, Cai Yuanpei returned to China via Siberia.

On January 4, 1912, in the first year of the Republic of China, the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing. He became the director general of education of the provisional government of Nanjing. Under Cai Yuanpei, the Ministry of education solicited the public for the possible national anthem. Later, it promulgated the Provisional National Anthem of the Republic of China, which was composed by Shen Enfu and composed by Shen Pengnian.

On January 19, 1912, in the first year of the Republic of China, he promulgated the "Interim Measures for general education" and presided over the formulation of the "University order" and "middle school order". This is the first university and middle school order in China. He stressed that the middle school and University should be built into a sound national school. He was the chief Education officer of the Nanjing Provisional Government. He advocated adopting the western education system, abolishing the worship of Confucius and reading classics, implementing the reform measures of coeducation, and establishing the Chinese bourgeois democratic education system. After the failure of the second revolution, he went to France with his family and founded the society of diligence and thrift in France with Li Shizeng.

In February 1912, Lu Xun was invited to the Ministry of education. In July 1912, Cai Yuanpei resigned because he did not want to cooperate with Yuan Shikai's government. In 1913, when Cai Yuanpei was 46 years old, he went to France again to engage in academic research. During his three years in Europe, he compiled many works on philosophy and aesthetics.

In June 1915, in the fourth year of the Republic of China, when Cai Yuanpei was 48 years old, he and Li Shizeng, Wu Yuzhang and others initiated the organization of the Chinese French Education Association, and advocated work study program in France, hoping to help more Chinese to study in Europe. Later, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping successfully studied in France with the help of this organization.

In the summer of 1916, Li Yuanhong's Beijing government finally ordered the restoration of the provisional constitution in the early years of the Republic of China. Sun Yat Sen, Huang Xing and a large number of exiled revolutionaries made an appointment to return home. Some Zhejiang congressmen also sent a telegram to Cai Yuanpei, who was far away in France, saying that they wanted to elect him as governor of Zhejiang Province.

On November 8, 1916, Cai Yuanpei and Wu Yuzhang returned to Shanghai by boat from Marseilles. On December 26, 1916, he was appointed president of Peking University. We should support the new culture movement, advocate academic research, advocate "freedom of thought and inclusiveness" and implement Professor management. During the May 4th movement, we supported the patriotic action of students and rescued the arrested students in many ways. On January 9, 1917, Cai Yuanpei delivered a speech as president of Peking University. He put forward three requirements for the students: first, to uphold the tenet; second, to cultivate morality; third, to respect and love teachers, and to put "upholding the tenet" in the first place.

In 1917, Cai Yuanpei hired Chen Duxiu, editor in chief of the new youth, as a senior liberal arts student. He also hired Li Dazhao, Hu Shi, Qian Xuantong and other "new school" figures to teach in Peking University. He adopted the school running policy of "freedom of thought and inclusiveness", implemented the system of "Professor governance", advocated academic democracy, and supported the new culture movement. In the same year, Cai Yuanpei invited Liang Shuming, a famous philosopher, to teach Indian philosophy at Peking University, and Xu Beihong, at Cai Yuanpei's invitation, returned to Beijing from Tokyo, Japan, to serve as a tutor of the painting Research Association of Peking University.

In July 1917, Hu Shi returned home from the United States. At that time, Hu Shi did not receive a doctorate from Columbia University, but Cai Yuanpei did not hesitate to help Hu Shi forge his degree in order to get into Peking University.

On July 3, 1917, when Cai Yuanpei delivered his passionate inaugural speech at Peking University, he resigned to President Li Yuanhong with euphemistic wording but gloomy motivation, that is, to protest against Zhang Xun's restoration.

In October 1917, in the sixth year of the Republic of China, when Cai Yuanpei was 50 years old, he presided over a meeting of representatives of Beijing's colleges and universities held by the Ministry of education to discuss the revision of university regulations. Peking University proposed to abolish the grade system and adopt the elective system in Liberal arts. The meeting passed the resolution and decided to try it out in Peking University. The number of elective courses in Peking University should be reduced to one fourth of the total number of required courses, and the number of required courses should be reduced to one fourth of the total number of elective courses. Optional subjects can be cross department.

In 1918, he pointed out more clearly: "the university is a pure institution for the study of knowledge, and can not be regarded as a place for the cultivation of qualifications

Chinese PinYin : Cai Yuan Pei