Kong Guangsen

Kong Guangsen

Kong Guangsen (1751-1786) was born in Qufu, Shandong Province. He was a scholar of the Qing Dynasty and a master of Puxue. He was the 69 generation grandson of Confucius and the son of Kong Jifen, the head of the household department.

In the 36th year of Qianlong reign (1771), he was a senior high school scholar and was selected as a scholar of Imperial Academy. He was a young official, and he was very elegant. The people of the world strive to meet each other, and hope to make friends with each other. However, he was indifferent in nature and devoted himself to writing. He returned home and never came out of the mountains.

In 1786, when he learned that his father had died in a foreign country, he died sad. He was 35 years old.

Life of the characters

Kong Guangsen, a scholar of Qing Dynasty. Zhongzhong, Yiyue, Yixuan, Yizheng, was born in Qufu, Shandong Province. Confucius had 69 generations of grandchildren. In the 36th year of Qianlong reign (1771), at the age of 19, he was a Jinshi of zhongxinmao, a scholar of Imperial Academy, and a scholar of Imperial Academy. He was born in a noble family and won the ambition of his youth. However, he was indifferent to his nature and devoted himself to writing. He returned home to support his relatives, so he didn't come back. His grandmother and father died in mourning. Hiromori was intelligent and learned from Dai Zhen and Yao Nai. Jingshi primary school, all in-depth study, especially in Gongyang Chunqiu, many unique views. Those who are good at parallel prose think that they have both the victory of Han, Wei, Six Dynasties and early Tang Dynasty. Wang Zhong, the capital of the Yangtze River, read it and sighed. His life story can be found in the second biography of scholars in volume 481 of the draft of Qing history, the next biography of scholars in volume 688 of the biography of Qing history, and the biography of Kong Guangsen by Ruan Yuan.

works

He is the author of the book written by the Kong family of Fuxuan, the Yi Zheng Tang Journal of the Kong family of Qufu in the 22nd year of Jiaqing, the book of Chunqiu Gongyang jingzhuan Tongyi, the preface of the supplement to the book of rites, the sound category of poetry, the classification of sound category, the Lixue jueyan, the Shaoguang zhengzhengshu neipian, the Wai Pian, the Wai pian《 It is composed of three volumes. There are two volumes of Yi Zheng Tang anthology, one volume of Yi Zheng Tang manuscripts, one volume of Pythagorean puzzle, and one volume of Zeng Zi's twelve readings annotated by Lu Bian in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Life experience

His grandfather Kong chuanduo, the 68th generation grandson of Confucius, was granted the title of Yan Shenggong. His father, Kong Jifen, was in charge of the household department. In 1768, when Kong Guangsen was 17 years old, he was the second in the local examination. In 1771, when he was 20 years old, he was promoted to the imperial examination. Kong Guangsen was a young official and a descendant of Confucius. Many people admire him for his "elegant and elegant style". He "tries to be flattered for a while and hopes to make friends with each other" (Zhi Weicheng's complete biography of the master of Pu Xue in Qing Dynasty Kong Guangsen). However, he is indifferent to fame and wealth and indulges in writing books. He does not like to socialize with dignitaries from all over the world. So he goes back to his hometown to build "Yizheng hall" to thank guests behind closed doors To read and write books as a profession. In 1784, his father Kong Jifen was accused by his clansmen and was convicted outside the great wall of Xixiu. In order to save his father, Kong Guangsen traveled between Jianghuai and Heluo with illness and "called the loan Quartet" (Biography of master Pu Xue in Qing Dynasty Kong Guangsen). In 1786, Kong Jifen died in a foreign land. Kong Guangsen was so sad that he died soon. He was thirty-five years old. Kong Jihan, the subordinate father of Kong Guangsen, is Dai Zhen's best friend, and Kong guanggen, the son of Kong Jihan, is Dai Zhen's son-in-law. They have a deep relationship with each other. Therefore, they once traveled with Dai Zhen to spread their knowledge. Therefore, they are "unable to make a thorough study of historical exegesis and the six books and nine numbers." He became the inheritor of Hui school's simple learning. He was also a teacher of Yao Nai in Tongcheng, and was called "to pass on the knowledge of Confucius from the descendants of Confucius, although he was able to succeed, he was not limited.". He is good at parallel prose, and has won in Han, Wei, Six Dynasties and early Tang Dynasty! However, Kong Guangsen was never self-sufficient. He named his study "Yizheng" in his residence, which showed his heart of "admiring health and success with all his heart, admiring horses with all his ambition", reflecting the aspiration and interest of a generation of Hui Pu Xue masters.

achievement

Kong Guangsen was a famous Confucian scholar in Qing Dynasty. He had learned a lot from Dai Zhen and Yao Nai, who were famous Confucian classics scholars. He said that he could not understand the six books and nine numbers, and was a famous Confucian classics scholar in Qing Dynasty. He also had profound attainments in literature and Mathematics. Kong Guangsen is good at the study of spring and Autumn Annals and the book of rites. Spring and Autumn Annals is one of the six Confucian classics. Later Zuo Qiuming, gongyanggao and guliangchi successively wrote biographies for them, which were called "three biographies" in history. After the three biographies, all the Confucian classics scholars of the past dynasties have taught and explained it. Kong Guangsen read through all the schools and thought that "the old learning of Zuoshi was buried in the south of the expedition, and the original meaning of Guliang was mildly in Wuzi. Wang Zuyou said that he Xiuzhi had a long illness in Gongyang, and the rest of his disciples, Yanzhu and Zhao Kuang, had a lot of righteousness, which was not appropriate to the Scripture, but Zhao Fang was the closest to it. He's a great thinker, but he's not without mistakes and conjectures "(volume 68 of biographies of Qing History). So, bypassing all the family precepts, he chose Zuo Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan, and wrote eleven volumes of spring and autumn Gongyang Tongyi, one preface. This book mainly invents the meaning examples of Gongyang Zhuan, and puts forward different opinions from he Xiu's interpretation of spring and autumn Gongyang. For example, he divided the twelve centimeters of the spring and Autumn Annals into three generations: Yin, Huan, Zhuang, min and Fu were "the world of hearsay", Wen, Xuan, Cheng and Xiang were "the world of hearing", and Zhao, Ding and AI were "the world of seeing". In the twenty-first year of the reign of the Duke of Xianglu and the Duke of Xianglu, Confucius thought that it was the same as that of the Duke of Xianglu. Another example is that he's family took the spring and Autumn Annals as the prince of the Song Dynasty as "one branch and three decrees", and the different words he saw, heard and rumored were "two branches and six decrees", and the three branches and nine decrees were "three branches and nine decrees". Kong Guangsen thinks that the spring and Autumn Annals is based on heaven's law, in which Wang FA is used and human feelings are buried. These are "three subjects". The so-called heaven's Law refers to "time", "Moon" and "sun"; the so-called "Wang Fa" refers to "ridicule", "derogation" and "Jue"; the so-called "human feelings" refers to "respect", "kinship" and "Virtue". These nine are "nine aims". In addition, he Xiu's mistakes in Chunqiu Gongyang Jiegu have also made a lot of benefits and losses, in order to become a family's opinion. Biographies of Qing Dynasty history claimed that "all of them are eager to study and think deeply, and they know their meaning well, so that they can make a comprehensive understanding and make the purpose of right and wrong not fallacious to sages" (volume 68 of biographies of Qing Dynasty History).

achievement

Confucian classics

In addition to Chunqiu Gongyang jingzhuan Tongyi, he also wrote 14 volumes of supplementary notes to the book of rites, 6 volumes of Lixue · Eyan, 6 volumes of Jingxue · Eyan and 13 volumes of shishenglei. Yao Nai, a well-known Confucian scholar, said that "he will spread the knowledge of Confucius as a descendant of Confucius, although he is not able to achieve success" (volume 481 of the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty: scholars II).

mathematics

In mathematics, he passed on Dai Zhen's "theory of calculation" and was quite proficient in solving "Fangtian" and "millet", "difference", "Shaoguang", "Shanggong", "Junshu", "equation", "Pythagorean" and "insufficient win" in ancient mathematics. He wrote six volumes of Shaoguang's positive and negative skills. This book is a monograph on the solution and application of quotient equation, which has made a certain contribution to the collation and development of Chinese traditional mathematics.

literature

He is good at writing parallel prose. The three volumes of Yi Zheng Tang's parallel prose has its own neat prose and gorgeous words. It is also the winner of Han, Wei, Six Dynasties and early Tang Dynasty. Together with Yuan Mei, sun Xingyan, Hong Liangji, Liu Xingwei, Zeng Yao, Shao Qitao and Guan Xilin, it is known as the eight major parallel prose writers in Qing Dynasty.

Representative works

Kong Guangsen is fond of learning and thinking, only in this way can he understand the meaning of classics. His life is composed of 13 volumes of Shi Sheng Lei, 14 volumes of supplement notes to Da Dai Li Ji, 6 volumes of Li Xue Mo Yan, 6 volumes of Jing Xue Mo Yan, 6 volumes of Shaoguang Yin and Yang Shu Wai Pian and 3 volumes of Yi Zheng Tang Pianli Wen.

Chinese PinYin : Kong Guang Sen