Zhu Zhixi

Zhu Zhixi

Zhu Zhixi (1623-1666), also known as Mengjiu and Meilu, was born in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province. He was a well-known official in the early Qing Dynasty. During the Shunzhi period, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of war, the right deputy governor of the duchayuan and the governor of the river. His representative work is "a brief introduction to river defense".

In the third year of Shunzhi reign (1646), Zhu Zhixi was a Jinshi in the middle of the imperial examination. He was appointed as a scholar at the beginning, and later as a editor. In July of 1654, Zhu Zhixi was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Zhan Shifu. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), Zhu Zhixi served as Minister of the Ministry of war and governor of the river. He was stationed in Jining to harness the river. Shunzhi eighteen years (1661), plus Prince shaobaoxu title. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), Zhu Zhixi was promoted to be a senior official, succeeding as the governor of the river, and became an important official of Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties. In February 1666, Zhu Zhixi died of illness at the age of 44. Emperor Kangxi ordered him to be buried.

In the first year of Yongzheng (1725), Zhu Zhixi was granted the title of "King Zhu", the God of the river. He established temples along the river and sacrificed in spring and autumn temples. In 1780, Emperor Qianlong granted Zhu Zhixi "Zhushun Yongning Marquis".

Life of the characters

A new official career

In 1623, Zhu Zhixi was born into a merchant family in Beijing. In 1637, Zhu Zhixi was 15 years old. Business in the capital is dismal, and family circumstances are declining. Because of the death of his grandfather, Zhu Zhixi's family moved back to his hometown in Longtou.

In the third year of Shunzhi reign (1646), Zhu Zhixi was a Jinshi in the middle of the imperial examination. He was appointed as a scholar at the beginning, and later as a editor. In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), he began to compile "six caozuo".

In 1649, Zhu Zhixi was appointed as the examiners. In 1650, his father Zhu Sanfeng died and returned to the province to mourn. In 1653, after Ding you's expiration, Zhu Zhixi returned to Beijing with his mother and still held the original post.

Entrusted with heavy responsibilities

In July of 1654, Zhu Zhixi was promoted to be a scholar of Zhan Shifu. In the same year, Emperor Shunzhi granted Zhu Zhixi's father as a scholar. In the spring of the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), Zhu Zhixi moved to Shao Zhan Shi, who was also a Bachelor of Chinese Academy of history. In the winter, he was promoted to Zhan Shi Fu, who was also a Bachelor of secret academy, and compiled Zizhi Tongjian. In the summer of the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), Zhu Zhixi was transferred to be a Bachelor of Hongwen Academy. He was in charge of the official memorials to the emperor and the drafting of emperor's imperial edicts.

In 1657, Yang Fangxing, the former governor of the watercourse, left office. As the job of governor of the watercourse was very important, it was urgent for the central government to choose a suitable person. When Emperor Shunzhi selected his courtiers, he only paid attention to Zhu Zhixi, the right servant of the Ministry of official affairs. He promoted Zhu Zhixi to be the Minister of the Ministry of war and governor of the river, and ordered Zhu Zhixi to stay in Jining and manage the river.

Government enriches the people

In October 1658, the Yellow River burst its dyke in Chaigou, and the dykes of Jianyi and Maluo also burst. Zhu Zhixi rushed to qingjiangpu to build a dike to block the breach.

In the 16th year of Shunzhi (1659), Zhu Zhixi wrote out the problems found in harnessing the Huanghuai river one by one. Zhu Zhixi personally visited the Yellow River, Huaihe River, canal and other places to investigate the river management situation along the line. In a compromise, he stressed: "the number of men who manage rivers in Henan every year should be preserved. Most of the Huai River fortifications in the Ming Dynasty, except for dingcha, belonged to civil engineering, and should be restored. There are many lakes near the canal in Yangzhou, which belong to the intersection of the Yellow River and the Huaihe River. In the past, dykes and gates were set up to store water or prevent floods and disasters, so they should be repaired. Before the flood season, all localities should prepare enough emergency materials to prevent the breach of the river embankment. In particular, the flood prone counties and prefectures on both sides of the river must make preparations in advance. Local authorities should be severely punished for the problems of occupying husband's service, selling wealth and money, making flood money and so on. All officials who are found to be engaged in malpractices for personal gain and concealing the facts should be severely punished as the crime of dereliction of duty. If the watchmen of various places in the Yellow River flood season do not go to the dyke to be on duty day and night in overcast and rainy weather, their food and work will be deducted until they are exhausted, and the river management department and channel will be ordered to strictly check and replace them in time. The promotion and demotion of river officials in all localities shall not leave until the next official arrives, and the river officials shall not hold other posts. At the end of each year, the appointment of officials shall be assessed, and those who pass the assessment shall be rewarded. "

In the same year, Zhu Zhixi's mother died. Emperor Shunzhi ordered Zhu Zhixi to stay at the funeral. Zhu Zhixi asked him to be buried. Emperor Shunzhi authorized him to go home to handle the funeral.

In the winter of 1661, the river between Qingjiang and Gaoyou was almost flat due to flood. Zhu Zhixi called on the people to thoroughly dredge the silt. He asked the court to give food to the peasants as a reward, which stabilized the hearts of the peasants. Therefore, although the project is huge, there is no shortage of labor. In view of the fact that the canal could not be navigable due to floods or droughts, Zhu Zhixi asked the imperial court to build a number of water regulating gates from Taizhuang in the south to Linqing in the north, and strictly controlled the weight of ships and the time to open and close the gates, so that the canal could be navigable all year round.

bend one 's body and exhaust one 's energy

In the first year of Kangxi (1662), Zhu Zhixi's term of office had expired. After examination, he was put in high position by Kangxi for his outstanding achievements. Kangxi ordered Gao Shen to give him wine and Wen Qi to give him. Zhu Zhixi was promoted to be a senior official, succeeding as governor of the river, and became an important official of the two dynasties. In the same year, the Yellow River burst in Yuanwu, Xiangfu and Lanyang counties. The flood inundated Cao county to the East, and the Yellow River burst in shixianglu village. Zhu Zhixi summoned Jining Road, Fang Zhao, and Dong Cao county officers to Henan to supervise the blocking of the breach.

In February 1664, Zhu Zhixi wrote: "Nanwang is the highest place of the canal, reaching Linqing in the north and Taizhuang in the south. Local irrigation and water transport are all dependent on more than 40 sluice gates. In the area near the canal, there is less rain in spring and more rain in autumn. Shandong is often dry. Most of the small mountain springs are dry, and the large springs also weaken their gushing. If the Government ships pass through the lock, they should be forced to open the lock when it should be closed according to the regulations, causing the river to flow into the downstream and causing flooding, we should strengthen the management of the upstream of the canal and not open the lock without permission; when it is time to open the lock, we should not force to close the lock, but strengthen the arrangement of the passage time of the downstream ships. "

In August of the same year, Zhu Zhixi wrote: "stop sending branches of Beihe, Zhonghe, Nanhe, Nanwang, Xiazhen and Tonghui to be managed by local officials. I think the changes of rivers are extremely changeable, the control projects are complex, the projects are huge, the weather is abnormal, either flood or drought, or prepare in advance to prevent the occurrence of disasters, or timely control after disasters." In the same year, Zhu Zhixi served as Minister of the Ministry of war and governor of the river, stationed in Jining to harness the river.

Die in office

In February 1666, Zhu Zhixi died of illness at the age of 44. Emperor Kangxi ordered him to be buried.

On the first day of February in the tenth year of Kangxi (1671), Zhu Zhixi had died for five years. When Luo Xian, the governor of the river, the commander of the military affairs, the left servant of the Ministry of war and the right deputy censor of the capital, inspected the memorial hall for reporting meritorious service outside Nanguan, Jining Prefecture, Yanzhou Prefecture, he did not find Zhu Zhixi on display in the worship record. He immediately instructed him to go to tixuedao, Shandong Province, and Liao Youheng, the governor of Jining Prefecture, for quick report. Not long after, Luo Xian, based on the achievements of Zhu Zhixi declared by Jining state, said that "Zhu Zhixi, the former governor of river course, had made remarkable achievements and devoted himself to river administration. The common people have great love for Zhu Zhixi, so Zhu Zhixi should be allowed to be worshipped in the temple to show their respect and yearning. " Zhu Zhixi, a senior official, governor of the river, commander in chief of the military affairs, Prince Shaobao, Minister of the Ministry of war and right deputy governor of the capital inspection yuan, was invited to be worshipped in the memorial hall of Jining Prefecture.

In the first year of Yongzheng (1725), Emperor Yongzheng built the "Dragon King Temple of Huaihuang rivers" (later changed to "jiayingguan") in Wuzhi, Henan Province. When the temple was completed, Zhu Zhixi was granted the title of "river god" and "King Zhu" was listed as one of the "four kings". His statue was set up in the palace of King Zhu, which was sacrificed in spring and autumn every year.

In 1780, Qianlong went south to inspect the river works. He saw that the river transportation was smooth and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. In consideration of the meritorious service of the former minister in governing the river, Zhu Zhixi was granted the title of "Zhushun Yongning Marquis" at the invitation of the governor of enzhun University and the governor of hehe Agui. In recognition of his immortal meritorious service in the early Qing Dynasty, Qianlong also conferred the titles of You'an, Xianying, appeasement, zhaogan, Fuhui, Huguo, Lingbi, Yihua, Zhaoxian and so on for the spring and autumn Memorial temples.

In February 1907, Emperor Guangxu established a special temple in his hometown Yiwu to offer sacrifices, and personally granted plaques.

personal works

A brief introduction to river defense

Character achievement

Water control

Zhu Zhixi went through Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties for 20 years. He was the second river governor in Qing Dynasty. During his term of office, he devoted himself to river affairs, and took a series of measures to harness the Yellow River and Yunhe River, such as building wide dikes, carefully guiding the river, improving sluice gates, strengthening broom work, and building Liuyuan, which achieved good results. In addition, he took the river affairs as his political affairs and got rid of the bad rules; erected a monument on the road and prohibited the officials from treating the migrant workers harshly; vindicated the people and vindicated the unjust prison. Zhu Zhixi has been governing the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Grand Canal for nearly ten years. He has been driving up and down the river. He has been building embankments and dredging canals. He has been sick for a long time. However, he went to Linqing in the north and PI and Su in the south for inspection. As a result, he fell ill and died young.

Zhu Zhixi's achievements in river control ensured the smooth flow of the Yellow River and the Yunhe river. In the past ten years when he was governor of the river, there was no major flood. Therefore, the people can live and work in peace and contentment,

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Zhi Xi