Pei Xingjian

Pei Xingjian

Pei Xingjian (619-682, June 9) was born in Wenxi County, Jiangzhou (now the northeast of Wenxi, Shanxi). In the early Tang Dynasty, he was a strategist, statesman, calligrapher, and the second son of Pei Renji, Minister of rites in the Sui Dynasty.

Pei Xingjian was born in the family room of Pei family in Hedong. He was selected by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty, and was awarded the famous general Professor Su dingfang's military skills. He has successively served as Zuo Tun Wei Cang Cao Canjun, governor of Xizhou, governor of Anxi, etc. In the western regions, most of the countries attached themselves to justice. Later, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs in the dynasty. He had been in charge of the election with Li Jingxuan and Ma Zai for more than ten years. He had a good name. He created the long name list and Quanzhu, which influenced the system of selecting talents and conferring officials in later generations. In the third year of Shangyuan Dynasty (676), he served as the general manager of Taozhou left second army and Qinzhou right army, and participated in the defense of Tubo. In the first year of diaolu (679), he captured the ten surnamed Khan ashnaduzhi of the West Turks who were rebellious. He was promoted to the position of minister of rites and right guard General of the school, and he was also a civil and military officer. In the following year, the eastern Turks' ashnad Wenfu and ashnad Funian were smashed, and the remnant of the eastern Turks were completely flattened. Pei Xingjian died in 682, the first year of Yongchun. As a gift to the governor and Taiwei of Yangzhou, he has the posthumous title of "Xian".

Pei Xingjian is proficient in Yin Yang calendar and is good at identifying talents. He has promoted famous generals such as Cheng Wuting, Wang Fangyi, Li duozuo and Hei Chi Chang. He is good at calligraphy, especially at cursive and official script. There are 20 volumes of anthologies and 46 secrets of the art of war.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Pei Xingjian came from the Pei family, one of the five families of the Pei family in Hedong. His great grandfather and grandfather were both officials in the Northern Zhou Dynasty; his father, Pei Renji, was an official in the Sui Dynasty to Zuo Guanglu; his brother, Pei Xingyan, was a fierce general in the late Sui Dynasty.

Pei Xingjian was appointed hongwensheng by virtue of his predecessors' merits in his youth. In the middle of Zhenguan (627-649), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was elected in the Ming Dynasty classics examination, and was appointed as Zuo Tun Wei Cang Cao to join the army. At that time, Zuowei Zhonglang general Su dingfang said: "my military strategy, there is no one in the world to teach, now you are very suitable." He taught Pei Xingjian all his military skills. Later, Pei Xingjian was transferred to Chang'an County Magistrate. Li Zhi, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, was going to make Wu Zhaoyi (Empress Wu Zetian) queen. Pei Xingjian thought that the disaster of the country started from this. He secretly discussed countermeasures with his ministers, the eldest sun Wuji and Chu suiliang. Yuan Gongyu, the Minister of Dali temple, told Wu Zhaoyi's mother Yang, and Pei Xingjian was demoted as the governor of Xizhou.

In the second year of Linde (665), Pei Xingjian was promoted to the position of governor of Anxi. Most of the countries in the western regions admired his benevolence and justice and attached him to the Tang Dynasty.

Preside over the Ministry of official affairs

Pei Xingjian was later recalled to the imperial court as the Secretary of Wen Shaoqing and the Minister of Li Department. He, together with Li Jingxuan and Ma Zai, presided over the work of selecting talents and appointing officials. He gained a reputation of talent and was known as "Pei, Li" and "Pei, Ma". Pei Xingjian created laws and regulations, such as Chang Ming bang and Quan Zhu, which were used by later generations as the national system of selecting talents and conferring officials. He also stipulated the rise and fall of prefectures and county magistrate, and the measurement of seniority as a system.

Weizhen Western Regions

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< sub > Pei Xingjian's battle to break through western Turks

In the third year of the Shang Yuan Dynasty (676), when the Tubo invaded, Pei Xingjian left Beijing to be the general manager of the left second army of Taozhou Dao, and then changed to be the general manager of the right army of Qinzhou. In these two appointments, he was under the command of Li Xian, king of Zhou.

In the first year of diaolu (679), the ten Turkic tribes, the khannaduzhi and the Li Zan Geng, lured the affiliated tribes to harass Anxi, formed an alliance with Tubo, and the imperial court was ready to levy. Pei Xingjian suggested: "Tubo is domineering and unruly. It is in a strong and prosperous period. Li Jingxuan failed in his expedition and Liu Shenli was beheaded. How can it lead to an accident on the western border? Now that the king of Persia is dead, his son ninieshi is a hostage in Chang'an. If you send envoys to send ninieshi to succeed to the throne, you will pass through Turk and Tubo. If you use stratagem to solve the problem, you can succeed without any effort. " Emperor Gaozong then ordered Pei Xingjian to take an imperial edict to escort the king of Persia and serve as a pacification ambassador. When crossing the moheyanqi desert, the sand flies and the rocks move. The day is like night. The guide gets lost and the soldiers are hungry and tired.

Pei Xingjian ordered the camp to hold a sacrifice, and the Herald said, "the spring is not far away." The soldiers were a little relieved, and soon the clouds dispersed and the wind calmed down. The Tang army walked hundreds of steps forward. The water and spring were abundant and the vegetation was luxuriant. The people from behind didn't know where they were. Everyone was surprised. It seemed that they had arrived at the second division of Dawan where General Li Guangli took his horse in the Western Han Dynasty. When he arrived in Xizhou, the officials of various countries went out to meet him. Pei Xingjian gathered more than 1000 talented people from the local area to follow him westward. Create public opinion said: "the weather is too hot to move forward, should stay and wait for autumn." When detective ashnadu came to this information, he didn't set up a defense.

Pei Xingjian calmly summoned the chiefs of kuci, Khotan, Shule and Suiye, pretended to invite them to hunt, and said to them, "my interest in hunting has never been forgotten. Who would like to go hunting with me?" Tens of thousands of local young people are willing to follow. Pei Xingjian then secretly led the team to set out. Within a few days, speed up. In the camp more than ten miles away from asnaduzhi, Pei Xingjian first sent people close to asnaduzhi to say hello to him. He seemed to be carefree and didn't come to attack him. Then he sent someone to summon asnaduzhi quickly. Ashinaduzhi had discussed with Li zhegen, and in the autumn they would meet the troops escorting the king of Persia. Later, they heard that the Tang army had arrived, but they couldn't think of any countermeasures. They had to lead more than 500 subordinates to meet Pei Xingjian's barracks, so they were captured by him. On the same day, Pei Xingjian delivered a bow and arrow from ashinadu to make a contract, summoned all the tribal chiefs to intercede for him, and escorted them to the broken leaf city. Pei Xingjian selected elite cavalry to attack Li zhegen. On the March, Pei Xingjian captured Li cangen's emissary. He released the messengers and asked them to tell Li Zhalong that asnadutzhi had been captured. After hearing the news, Li Cang surrendered and was escorted to Chang'an together with ashinaduzhi. The officers carved stone tablets for Pei Xingjian in broken leaf city to record his contributions. Gaozong personally held a banquet to express sympathy to him, saying: "Pei Xingjian led a lonely army to go far away, captured the rebel party without fighting, and put down the rebellion. It can be said that it is a combination of culture and military strategy, and can be granted two kinds of official positions, namely, civil minister and military general." He was immediately appointed Minister of rites and right guard general.

Tetanus

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< sub > the battle of Shuozhou and Heishan

In the first year of diaolu (679), the two tribes, ashdewenfu and ASHNA, the leaders of Turks, rebelled against the Tang Dynasty one after another, and established ASHNA Nai as Khan. The 24 prefectures under the jurisdiction of Chanyu Prefecture rebelled against him, and there were hundreds of thousands of rebels. Xiao Siye, the governor, was defeated by ashdewenfu. Emperor Gaozong issued an imperial edict to appoint Pei Xingjian as the general manager of Dingxiang Road, leading the army to attack. He led the Ministry of Li Siwen, the imperial servant, Zhou Daowu, the governor of Yingzhou, with a total of 180000 people. He joined Cheng Wuting of the West Route Army, Li Wenmin of the East Route Army, and so on. There were more than 300000 people in total. The military flag stretched for thousands of miles, all under the command of Pei Xingjian. "The old book of the Tang Dynasty" laments that "the success of being a teacher in the Tang Dynasty has not been achieved.".

Before that, Xiao Siye transported military supplies and was robbed many times by the enemy. His soldiers starved to death. Pei Xingjian said: "we can defeat the enemy with stratagem." So they prepared 300 fake grain wagons, in which five valiant soldiers were ambushed. With long knives and powerful bows and crossbows, they pulled the wagons forward with thin and weak soldiers, and sent elite soldiers to follow them secretly. As expected, the enemy came to grab the grain cart. The weak soldiers pretended to escape the danger. The enemy quickly pulled the cart to the place where there was water and grass, untied the saddle and let the horse eat grass. Just as they were about to get food from the car, the brave soldiers rushed out of the car. The ambush just arrived and almost killed or captured all the Turks. From then on, no Turk army dared to approach the grain truck.

The Tang army was stationed in the north of Shanyu for the time being. In the evening, the barracks had been built and the trenches had been dug. Pei Xingjian changed his order and moved to Gaogang to camp. The officers said, "the soldiers have settled down and can't disturb them." Pei Xingjian didn't listen to these and urged him to move. At night, the storm suddenly came, the original camp place, water more than ten feet deep, no one is not surprised, asked how to know there will be rain, Pei Xingjian said: "from now on, just follow my command, don't ask me how to know."

The Turkic army resisted in Heishan (today's Daqingshan, northwest of Baotou, Inner Mongolia) and suffered frequent failures. Pei Xingjian let the soldiers fight to their heart's content, but there was no statistics of the number of times when they killed the enemy. Ashina was killed by his subordinates, who came to surrender with his head. After he took office, Ashina was captured alive, and the remaining Turkic troops fled to Langshan. After Pei Xingjian returned to the imperial court, asnavuni called himself Khan and joined asdewenfu.

In the second year of Yonglong (680), Pei Xingjian was stationed in xingkou, daizhou. He sent spies to carry out estrangement activities, persuading ashnavuna to make him and ashdewenfu suspect each other. Ashnavornian was afraid, and secretly sent a letter of surrender, and asked him to bind ashdewenfu in person to show his sincerity. Pei Xingjian kept a secret and did not make it public, but submitted a sealed report to the court. A few days later, the dust rolled southward, and the Sentinels were frightened. Pei Xingjian said, "this is ashnavuni escorting ashdewenfu to surrender. There is no other situation. But accepting surrender is like accepting a challenge. " So he ordered strict precautions and sent an envoy to express his sympathy. That's what happened. By this time, all the remains of the Turks were wiped out. Gao Zongshi

Chinese PinYin : Pei Hang Jian