Northern Zhou Dynasty
Northern Zhou Dynasty
The Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-581) is one of the Northern Dynasties of the southern and Northern Dynasties in Chinese history
Later Zhou Dynasty
After the Five Dynasties, it was used sparingly to avoid confusion with the Zhou Dynasty established by Guo Wei
Yu Wenzhou
. Yuwentai, the powerful minister of the Western Wei Dynasty, laid the foundation of the country, and yuwenjue was formally established under the support of yuwenhu. Li five emperors, a total of 24 years.
In 556, after the death of Yu Wentai, who actually controlled the political power of the Western Wei Dynasty, the third son, Yu wenjue, officially ascended the throne and became king of heaven and Duke of Zhou. At the beginning of the next year, the Yuwen family abolished emperor Gong of the Western Wei Dynasty and established the country as Zhou Dynasty. Its capital was built in Chang'an (now the site of Chang'an city of the Han Dynasty in Xi'an), which is known as the Northern Zhou Dynasty in history.
Yuwenjue, Emperor Xiaomin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was young and in the hands of his cousin yuwenhu. In September, Yuwen killed emperor Xiaomin and made Yuwen Yu emperor. In the second year of Wucheng (560), yuwenhu poisoned yuwenyu and established yuwenyong as emperor, known as Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
In the first year of Jiande (572), yuwenyong, Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, took charge of the government and carried out various reforms.
In 577, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty and unified the north. In 581, Yang Jian was called emperor of Zhou Dynasty by Zen and changed his name to Sui Dynasty.
National name
The national name of the Northern Zhou Dynasty is“
week
”It is named after Yu wenjue's title. After yuwenjue became emperor, he took "Zhou" as the national name, and the word "Zhou" was preceded by the word "North". The name of "Northern Zhou" is because it is located in the north, so the name of "Northern Zhou" is specific to distinguish other regimes with the name of "Zhou". At the same time, the Northern Zhou Dynasty also had“
Later Zhou Dynasty
”And“
Yu Wenzhou
”It's the name of a person.
history
The division of the Northern Wei Dynasty
He Bayue was a famous general of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the last years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he Bayue swept through the strong opponents of the rebellion in Sanqin with 2000 tired soldiers. After the fall of the Erzhu family, he Bayue supported Guan Long and became the leader of two major military groups with Gao Huan. They were afraid of each other. Finally, he was killed by Hou Mo and Chen Yue, who secretly took refuge in Gao Huan. He Ba Yue's death shocked the government and the public. Emperor Xiaowu gave him Shizhong, Taifu, Lushang Shushi, Dudu Guanzhong 20 military, general, Yongzhou governor. The posthumous title is Wu Zhuang. He Bayue's subordinates collected his corpse and buried it in shianyuan, Yongzhou. Later, they took yuwentai as commander in chief, defeated Hou Mo and Chen Yue, and became the master of Guan long.
Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty fled to Guanzhong after he failed in his campaign against Gao Huan. Yuwentai took him in. Soon emperor Xiaowu was killed by Yu Wentai, who established the Western Wei Dynasty (535). After emperor Xiaowu fled to Guanzhong, Gao Huan of the East supported emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and moved the imperial court to Yecheng of Hebei Province to establish the Eastern Wei Dynasty (534).
At the beginning of the Western Wei Dynasty, Yu Wentai became the prime minister, and the situation was not stable. However, Yu Wentai decisively poisoned yuan Xiu, Emperor Xiaowu of Wei, and established Nanyang Wang Baoju as the emperor. In this way, the new emperor was under his control and took charge of the government. Yuwentai defeated the Eastern Wei army in three battles, which laid the foundation of yuwenshi in Guanzhong. Yuwentai's knowledge of people, good appointment, employment not stick to one pattern, make these famous people make the best use of their talents, the role has been brought into full play. It further strengthened the Western Wei Dynasty. He vigorously promoted Wang PI and Yang Zhong, and Yang made his fortune in the Sui Dynasty.
Capture Xichuan
In the same year of Hou Jing's fall, Xiao Yi became emperor in Jiangling, while his younger brother Xiao Ji also became emperor in Chengdu. The next year, Xiao Jifa attacked Jiangling and was defeated and killed. The Western Wei took the opportunity to capture Chengdu and occupy Yizhou.
In the third year of Liang Taiqing (549), Hou Jing conquered Liangdu Jiankang, Jiangbei counties in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which were mostly occupied by the Eastern Wei Dynasty. Liang Zongshi, who was stationed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, was independent and attacked each other with the help of the Western Wei Dynasty. According to the governor of liangyongzhou in Xiangyang, Xiao Chen, king of Yueyang, attacked the governor of Jingzhou, and Xiao Yi, king of Xiangdong, defeated and took refuge in the Western Wei Dynasty.
In the third year of Dabao reign (552), Xiao Yi was called emperor in Jiangling. Ask the Western Wei Dynasty to send troops to capture Liang and Yizhou, and cut off the governor of Liang Yizhou and Xiao Ji, the king of Wuling, who have been called emperor in Chengdu. In the third year of Chengsheng reign, Emperor Liang Yuan sent envoys to return the occupied land to the West Wei Suo. His words were quite arrogant. In September, Yu Wentai, the Prime Minister of the Western Wei Dynasty, sent General Yu Jin, commander in chief of Zhu state, to attack Jiangling, the capital of Liang with 50000 troops. In October, the Western Wei army moved from Chang'an (now northwest of Xi'an) to fan (now Xiangfan, Hubei) and Deng (now Dengzhou), and Xiao Chen led the army to fight. On hearing this, Emperor Liang Yuan ordered martial law and dispatched troops to resist the Western Wei army. In November, when the Western Wei army crossed the Han River, Yu Wenhu and Yang Zhong were ordered to lead Jingqi to take Jiangjin (now Southeast of Jingsha) first and cut off the River Road, making Liang Shoujun's eastward retreat without any road, and the downstream reinforcements could not cross. Emperor Liang Yuan sent his generals to divide the main points of Jiangling and put trees in the outer city. Yu Jin's army arrived and ordered to build a long enclosure to isolate the inside and outside. Xu Shipu, the governor of Liang Xinzhou, and Ma Renyue, the king of Jin'an, led their troops to build a fortress at the horse head on the South Bank of Jiangling, and supported them from afar.
Before Liang's draft horses arrived, the Western Wei army attacked the city for many times. At the beginning, they were defeated, and then they attacked fiercely. With the help of their internal staff, they entered Ximen and conquered the outer city. Emperor Liang Yuan gave up his bail to the inner city. That night, he ordered the official to burn 140000 volumes of books. The next day, he came out and was killed. In December, Yu Jin returned to his army and drove tens of thousands of captured princes and civilians to Chang'an. In the Western Wei Dynasty, Xiao Chen was the leader of Liang. Since then, Jingzhou, Yongzhou, Liangzhou and Yizhou in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River were all owned by the Western Wei Dynasty.
The establishment of the Northern Zhou Dynasty
In 556, yuwentai died, and his eldest son, yuwenjue, succeeded him as the Duke of Anding County, Taishi and dazhongzai. When you were young, Yu Wenhu was in charge of the country. Yuwenhu is a nephew of yuwentai, a native of Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia. Yuwenhu was an important figure in the history of Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasty, and it was a crucial link in the transition of yuwenshi regime from Western Wei Dynasty to Northern Zhou Dynasty. With the support of Yu Jin, a general who was with Yu Wentai in the past, Yu Wenhu took charge of the military affairs and became the grand Sima and the Duke of Jin. In 557, Yu wenjue, the son of Yu Wentai, was young and weak. He wanted to take advantage of Yu Wentai's power and influence to seize power as soon as possible, because he forced Gong di (named yuankuo) of the Western Wei Dynasty to be located in Zhou Dynasty. Soon, he killed yuan Kuo.
In the same year, Yu wenjue was called the king of Zhou and established the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Hu was the great Sima and the Duke of Jin. Yuwenjue is also a young resolute, dissatisfied with the dictatorship of yuwenhu. Zhao GUI and Du Guxin are not satisfied with Yu Wenhu. Together, they encouraged Yu wenjue to get rid of Yu Wenhu. So yuwenjue recruited a group of warriors to often practice how to capture yuwenhu in the backyard of the imperial palace. He discussed with the minister and decided to catch yuwenhu and kill him one day at the Palace Banquet. However, before their plot could be carried out, someone told Yu Wenhu about it. Instead, he was preempted by him and killed Zhao GUI (all over the family), which was just an official of Dugu Xin. Later, Dugu Xin was also killed. In 559, Yu wenjue was deposed (later poisoned).
Later, yuwenhu moved to dazhongzai (the prime minister at that time), and supported yuwenyu, another son of yuwentai, as Emperor Ming of Zhou Dynasty. According to Yu Wenhu, Yu Wenyu was gentle and refined, so he was made emperor. But Yu Wenyu is not as weak and incompetent as Yu Wenhu imagined. He gradually shows his intelligence and ability in dealing with affairs. Around him gradually gathered a group of senior officials. He is committed to economic development and enjoys increasing prestige among the people. In order to test it, yuwenhu made a move of "returning to the emperor" hypocritically, and gave all the power except military power back to the emperor. Unexpectedly, Yu Wenyu accepted all the orders and changed his name to Emperor (before that, the supreme ruler of the Northern Zhou Dynasty was called heavenly king instead of emperor). All of these caused yuwenhu's suspicion and uneasiness. So in 560, an imperial chef was ordered to poison the food of the Ming emperor and killed him.
Later, Yu Wenyong, the fourth son of Yu Wentai, was appointed Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, and the actual power was still in his hands. Although Yu Wenhu was broad-minded and didn't know much about the general situation, his appointment was not human but long-term, and he had no military strategy. They are corrupt, their officials and subordinates are wanton, and their stupid government harms the people. Yu Wenyong and his younger brother Wang yuwenzhi planned to kill Yu Wenhu and regain power in the first year of Jiande (572).
Unify the Central Plains
Gaowei, the late leader of the Northern Qi Dynasty, was a famous Hun Jun in history. He had no interest in politics, but his daily life was very luxurious. Gao Wei spent the whole day fooling around with some favorite ministers and Meiji, playing the lute and singing the song of no worries. He was close to hundreds of them. The common people of the Qi Dynasty gave him a nickname as the son of heaven. Gao Wei also appointed officials at will. Even his favorite dogs, horses, eagles and chickens were appointed as Yitong, county officials and Kaifu. The politics of the Northern Qi Dynasty was in darkness.
Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty saw clearly the chaotic situation of the Northern Qi Dynasty and decided to send troops to attack it. In July 575, Emperor Wu of Zhou ordered Yu Wenchun and Sima Xiaonan to become the former general manager of the three armed forces. Yu Wensheng, Hou Mo, Chen Qiong and Yu Wenzhao became the latter general manager of the three armed forces. Yang Jian, Xue Jin, Li Mu and others led the army to separate and advance. Emperor Wu of Zhou led 60000 troops to Heyin (see the battle of Heyin). Zhou army entered the territory of the Northern Qi Dynasty with strict discipline, "forbidding cutting trees and practicing crops, and cutting all offenders.". It is popular. Before long, the headquarters of Emperor Wu of Zhou successfully captured Heyin city (now east of Mengjin County). The constitutional Department of the king of Qi pulled out Wuji, entered Luokou and captured the East and West cities. The Zhou army encircled Zhongcheng (now southwest of Mengxian county) for 20 days. Emperor Wu of Zhou led his troops to attack Jinyong city. In September, Qi's Prime Minister Gao anabrachi led a large army from Jinyang to rescue Heyang. Emperor Wu of Zhou fell ill and had to withdraw.
In October of the second year (576), the Northern Zhou Dynasty sent troops to attack Qi again. In this expedition to Qi, Emperor Wu of Zhou concentrated 145000 troops, changed the route of his previous March, and personally led his troops to attack Jinzhou. He explained the intention to Qun Chen, said: "before out of the river, straight for the back, did not choke its throat. Jinzhou, where Gaohuan originally came from, is a place of great importance. If you go to attack now, you will come to help. Our strict army will wait for you and defeat you. Then take advantage of the momentum, drum line and East, enough to poor nest
Chinese PinYin : Bei Zhou
