White plum

White plum

Prunus mume is a kind of dry flower bud, which is spherical in shape, 4-8 mm in diameter, and often with small stem at the base. Bracts 3-4-layered, brown scaly. There are 5 sepals in the bracts, light yellow brown, slightly green, oval, imbricate arrangement, base and receptacle healing. Petals 5 or many, white or yellow white, tightly clasped. The petals contain many yellow filamentous stamens. There is a pistil in the center, the ovary is oval and has a slender style. Light weight. It is fragrant, light and astringent. It is better for the flower to be neat, complete, not in bud, with green calyx and white flower and fragrant smell.

morphological character

deciduous trees, few shrubs, up to 10m high; branchlets slender, pointed, green, glabrous.

leaf

leaves broadly ovate or ovate, 4-10 cm long and 2-5 cm wide, margin densely serrate, pubescent on both sides when young, gradually falling off, or pubescent only below along the vein, stipe about 1 cm long, with 2 glands near the top.

flower

flowers 1-2, 2-2.5 cm in diameter; pedicels short or almost sessile; calyx tube campanulate, pubescent, lobes ovate; petals white or light red, fragrant, obovate; stamens numerous, free, slightly short or slightly longer than petals; carpel 1, densely pubescent.

fruit

drupe subglobose, flat on both sides, furrowed, 2-3 cm in diameter, yellow or greenish, pubescent, sour;

nucleus

the nucleus is ovoid with honeycomb like cavities.

Home plum and wild plum

Both wild and cultivated. The commodity is called Jiamei and Yemei, which can be used as medicine.

Jiamei

Jiamei has white flowers and green calyx with many petals, so it is commonly known as "baibaimei" or "green calyx Mei", and its quality is better. There are also red, yellow calyx, commonly known as "red white plum", less medicinal.

Wild plum

Wild plum is white flower with yellow calyx and less petals. The flower bud is round, such as soybean, 4-8mm in diameter, with pedicel at the base, 3-4 layers of bracts, brown scaly, 5 bracts, gray green or light yellow brown, oval, imbricate arrangement, and the base and receptacle are healed. Petals usually folded, white or yellowish white, obovate, with reddish brown veins projecting from the base. There are many stamens attached to the edge of the receptacle, long oval ovary in the center, densely hairy, and a slender style, light in weight.

smell

It is light and fragrant.

Growth habit

Baimeixi has a warm climate, not strong cold resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, long life span, up to 1000 years; flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change, baimeixi has a high air humidity, but avoid rainstorm in flowering period.

Distribution range

Native to southwest China and Taiwan, mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang. In Hunan, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other places. Shangfeng Township, Shexian County, Anhui Province is the most important production area in China.

Variety category

It belongs to the green calyx type of plum blossom, with single, double or double petals, white or light green at the beginning, green calyx and green branchlets without purple halo.

cultivation techniques

Planting methods

1．

plant

It can be planted in the South and the cold resistant varieties in the Yellow River Valley, but it should be potted indoors for winter in the cold area of the north. It can be planted from defoliation to sprouting in spring. In order to improve the survival rate, we should avoid damaging the root system and transplant with soil mass. The ground should be planted in the place with the wind and the sun. Three parts of rotten leaf soil, three parts of garden soil, two parts of river sand and two parts of rotten stable manure were used for pot culture. After planting, it was poured once. Put it in the shade for maintenance, and move it to the sun for normal management after the recovery of growth. 2．

Light and temperature

I like warmth and sufficient light. In addition to apricot and plum varieties can tolerate - 25 ℃ low temperature, generally - 10 ℃ low temperature. It is resistant to high temperature and can grow at 40 ℃. It grows best in the area with annual average temperature of 16-23 ℃. It is very sensitive to temperature and blooms when the average temperature reaches - 5 ~ 7 ℃ in early spring. 3．

Watering and fertilizing

During the growing period, attention should be paid to watering, and the basin soil should be kept moist, neither ponding nor too wet and too dry. Generally, when the weather is overcast and the temperature is low, water less; otherwise, water more. It can be watered twice a day in summer, once a day in spring and autumn, and thoroughly dry in winter. Fertilization is also reasonable. Before planting, base fertilizer should be applied well, and a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be added. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be applied once before flowering, and cake fertilizer should be applied once before flowering to supplement nutrition. Compound fertilizer can be applied once in June to promote flower bud differentiation. After falling leaves in autumn, organic fertilizer, such as rotten manure, should be applied once. 4．

Shaping and pruning

Pruning time can be carried out within 20 days after flowering. In order to promote the blossom and leafiness, we should cut off the Cross branches, erect branches, dry branches and over dense branches, and cut off the lateral branches. The potted white plum should be cut again after it is put into the pot to lay a foundation for making bonsai. Usually, plum piles are used as scenery to graft white plum with various postures. Maintain a certain temperature, the Spring Festival can be seen in full bloom. If you want to bloom on May Day, you need to keep the temperature at 0-5 ℃ and a humid environment, move out of the room in early April, and keep it in a place with enough sunshine and good ventilation, then you can see flowers around May Day. 5．

Flowering control

Potted plum is generally for family viewing. After falling leaves in winter, the temperature should be kept at 0-5 ℃. After new year's day, the temperature should be gradually increased to 5-10 ℃. In addition, the trees should be fully exposed to sunlight and often sprayed with water. The water humidity should be close to the room temperature.

Pest control

There are many kinds of diseases in Prunus mume, the most common are powdery mildew, leaf shrinkage, anthracnose and so on. 1. Powdery mildew. This disease often occurs in the environment with high humidity, high temperature and poor ventilation. In early spring and March, when white plum sprouts, the tender buds and new leaves are susceptible to the infection of the pathogen, and a very thin powdery layer will appear on the damaged parts, then black or yellow particles of needle size will appear on the powdery layer, and the leaves will turn yellow and die later. 2. Leaf retraction. It can be sprayed with tobramycin or carbendazim, or 1% Bordeaux solution, once every other week, 3-4 times to cure. (3) anthracnose. In the early stage of the disease, 70% thiophanate 1000 times or mancozeb 600 times can be sprayed for prevention and treatment. When other diseases are found, spraying the above two kinds of liquid medicine can also be effective. reference sources for the above contents

Main value

Medicinal value

[chemical composition]: the flower bud contains volatile oil, mainly benzaldehyde, isosyringol and benzoic acid. [flavor]: sour and astringent, flat. (1) the Compendium: "slightly acidic, astringent, non-toxic. (2) hundred grass mirror: cold in nature. (3) food taboo: sour, astringent and flat. (4) yinpianxinshen: bitter and sweet. "Guijing": Bencao Zaixin: "entering the liver and lung meridians. [function indications]: Soothing the liver, harmonizing the stomach, resolving phlegm. It is used to treat Meihe Qi, liver and stomach qi pain, loss of appetite, dizziness and rash. (1) the original of materia medica: "clear the leader, benefit the lung qi, remove phlegm and stagnate upper heat. (2) a hundred grass mirror: appetizing and dispersing depression. Cooking porridge helps clear Yang Qi. (3) compendium collection: "tranquilizing the mind and calming the soul, relieving acne and poison. (4) yinpianxinshen: "hongbaimei can clear the liver, relieve depression, and treat headache; green calyx plum can treat liver and stomach, relieve epigastric pain, dizziness, and enter diet. " [usage and dosage]: oral administration: decoction, 0.8-1.5 money; or into the pill, powder. External use: application. Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing first pointed out the medicinal value of Mei: "Mei Shi tastes sour and flat. It is mainly used to treat lower Qi, remove heat and annoyance, ease the mind, stop limb pain, wither the muscles, remove black nevus and corrode the flesh." Due to different processing methods, the finished products can be divided into white plum and black plum. Jia Sixie of later Wei dynasty recorded this kind of processing method in Qi Min Yao Shu. For white plum method: "plum acid, when the core is first picked, at night to salt, day exposure.". If you make ten sleeps, ten dips and ten exposures, it will be done. " The method of making black plum: "the plum seeds are also picked up at the beginning of their formation, and are filled in cages. They are smoked on the top of the stem to make it dry." Li Shizhen, a famous pharmacist in the Ming Dynasty, believes that: Wumei can "astringent the lung and intestines, stop coughing and diarrhea for a long time, regurgitate the stomach and choke the diaphragm, reduce swelling and phlegm, kill insects, detoxify fish poison, horse sweat poison and sulfur yellow poison." White plum is "the treatment of stroke convulsion, laryngeal obstruction, phlegm and stiff servant, teeth closed, take plum meat wipe gums, saliva out to open.". He also treated diarrhea, thirst, vomiting of cholera and blood collapse it can be seen that the medicinal range of plum is very wide. Modern medical research shows that the flower bud of plum can appetizer, disperse depression, generate fluid and resolve phlegm, activate blood circulation and detoxify, and genyanmo can treat jaundice. Wumei meat has the function of astringent lung and astringent intestine, killing insects and producing fluid, and has obvious inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, dysentery, typhoid, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae. prescription ① treatment of pharyngeal infarction (but no positive signs): two pieces of green calyx plum and two pieces of orange cake. Take it by frying. (Su Yi's Handbook of Chinese herbal medicine) 2. Treatment of sores on the lips: apply Baimei flap on it. If it cracks and bleeding, stop it. (Chishui xuanzhu) (3) treatment of scrofula: open a hole in the egg, put it into the green calyx, seven white plum will open, seal it, steam it on the rice, and eat one white plum every day for seven days. (compendium of contents) 4. Pre thinning acne: every year in the early morning of December, one hundred plum stamens with exposed green calyx are picked, and sugar is added to mash them into small cakes. (Wang Shigui's "good prescription for non medicine") 5. The treatment of gangrene has not come out yet, it can't get up, it's hidden in the skin, and the treatment of leprosy spots: one or two white plum, two peach kernel, cinnabar, licorice, and five loofah. For the end, each take five points, Shensu soup. (Chishui xuanzhu) [origin]: there are many production areas in southern China, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces. [production season]: Harvest around the beginning of spring. It is too early and tender, with red sepals outside the flowers; it is too late for petals to open, which does not conform to the quality. [origin processing]: take off the flower bud and pedicel together, dry them in the sun, and remove the stalks. Or with low fire drying, drying time should not be too long, need to take turns for drying

Chinese PinYin : Bai Mei