phoenix
Phoenix Town
Fenghuang ancient city is located in the southwest of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, with a total land area of about 10 square kilometers. At the end of 2010, the population was about 50000, which was composed of 28 ethnic groups, such as Miao, Han, Tujia, and so on. It was a typical minority inhabited area.
Fenghuang ancient city was built in 1556, the 35th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. It is 27 km away from Tongren Fenghuang airport, 57 km away from Huaihua Zhijiang airport and 280 km away from Zhangjiajie Hehua airport; national highway g209 and provincial highway S308 run through the whole territory, and zhiliu railway runs through the territory. Fenghuang ancient city is adjacent to Dezhen Miao village in Jishou, Mengdong River in Yongshun and Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou. It is the only way between Huaihua, Jishou and Tongren. It is one of the top ten cultural heritages in Hunan Province. It was once praised as the most beautiful small city in China by New Zealand writer Louis Ailey. It is comparable with Lijiang ancient city in Yunnan Province and Pingyao ancient city in Shanxi Province. It enjoys the reputation of "beipingyao and nanfenghuang". It is a national historical and cultural city and a national AAAA scenic spot. In October 2019, he was selected into the first "small town aesthetic model" list.
Development history
Fenghuang ancient city was built in 1556, which has a history of more than 400 years.
There are more than 120 characteristic houses in the ancient city of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and more than 30 temples and pavilions. It is the county with the largest number of cultural relics in Southwest China. There are more than 200 ancient stone streets in the city.
In December 2001, Fenghuang ancient city was approved as a national historical and cultural city.
In June 2007, Fenghuang ancient castle and Shen Congwen's former residence were listed as national key cultural relics protection units.
On July 15, 2014, the ancient city of Fenghuang in Hunan Province was hit by rainstorm, and the water level of Tuojiang River rose sharply, which led to the flooding of hotels and shops on both sides of the river. Most areas of the ancient city were flooded, and the scenic area was closed. The flood peak submerged a stone bridge across the Tuojiang River. Hongqiao, a famous scenic spot in Fenghuang ancient city, was also hit by the flood peak. A wooden "wind and rain bridge" has also been washed down.
On July 16, 2014, Fenghuang ancient city scenic spot carried out post disaster garbage cleaning, post disaster disinfection and epidemic prevention. On July 26, the Fenghuang ancient city scenic spot was opened to the public in a transitional way.
On August 16, 2014, the post disaster recovery construction of Fenghuang ancient city scenic spot was basically completed and officially opened to the outside world.
geographical environment
Location context
Fenghuang ancient city is located in the southwest of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, in the south of Wuling mountains, on the east side of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, 52 kilometers away from Jishou City. East longitude is between 109 ° 18 'and 109 ° 48' and north latitude is between 27 ° 44 'and 28 ° 19'. It is adjacent to Guizhou Province. It borders Luxi County in the East, Mayang County in the south, Tongren City and Songtao Miao Autonomous County in Guizhou Province in the west, Jishou City and Huayuan County in the north. It is historically known as "supporting Yunnan and Guizhou in the west, controlling Chenyuan in the East, Sichuan and Hubei in the north, and bordering Guangxi in the South".
topographic features
The terrain of Fenghuang ancient city is complex. The valley and hilly area in the East and southeast corner is the first step. It is mainly composed of low mountains and high hills, with hillock land and some valley flat land. The surface is cut and broken. The valley is narrow and steep, and the altitude is generally below 500 meters. The middle zone from northeast to southwest is the second step with an altitude of 500-800m. The middle mountain area in the northwest is the third step with an altitude of more than 800 meters.
climate
Fenghuang ancient city has a humid monsoon climate in the middle subtropics, and Zhongshan Mountain in the Northwest has the original nature of the North subtropics. Fenghuang ancient city is located in the low heat area of Western Hunan. The annual average temperature is 15.9 degrees, the number of days greater than or equal to 35 degrees is only 10.5 days, and the annual average sunshine difference is 8.3 degrees. Fenghuang ancient city is located in the east of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau with less rain. The annual average rainfall is only 1308.1 mm, which is the least in the prefecture. It is also one of the less rain areas in the province. The northerly wind prevails in winter and southerly wind prevails in summer. Affected by the atmospheric circulation, it is the most obvious monsoon circulation.
hydrology
Tuojiang River in Western Hunan is the largest river in Fenghuang County. It is a first-class tributary of Wushui river. It has two sources: WuChao River in the north, which originates in the south mountain canyon of hekudusha. It has dangerous beaches, rapid flow, rising rain and water, and many obstacles to travel. Tuojiang River runs through the central part of Fenghuang County from west to East, and flows through 9 townships including laershan, Machong, luochaojing, Duli, Nanhuashan, Tuojiang Town, Guanzhuang, qiaoxikou, Mujiangping, etc. In Luxi County, Hexi meets Wushui, and in Wuxi Town, it joins Yuanjiang River. The main stream is 131 kilometers long. In Fenghuang County, it is 96.9 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 732.42 square kilometers. The annual average discharge is 11.89 m3 / s, and the natural height difference is 533M.
architectural composition
Fenghuang ancient city was built in 1556, the 35th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, and has a history of more than 400 years. The east gate and the north gate are still in use. In the city, there are Qingshiban street, Riverside wooden structure stilts, Chaoyang palace, ancient city museum, Yang ancestral hall, Shen Congwen's former residence, Xiong Xiling's former residence, Tianwang temple, Dacheng hall, Longevity Palace and other buildings.
Fenghuang ancient city takes Huilongge ancient street as the central axis, connecting numerous stone alleys and connecting the whole city. Huilongge ancient street is a blue stone road which is paved vertically and crosswise. It has been a busy market since ancient times.
Fenghuang ancient city is divided into two parts: the old city is close to mountains and rivers, the shallow Tuojiang River passes through the city, the red sandstone wall stands on the bank, and the Nanhua mountain is lined with the ancient tower, which is also the rusty iron gate of the Qing Dynasty. The original name of the North Gate Tower of Fenghuang ancient city is "bihuimen". On the wide river under the north gate, there is a narrow wooden bridge with stone piers. Both of them have to cross each other, which used to be the only way out of the city.
Main attractions
Shenfeng cultural scenic spot
Fenghuang Shenfeng culture scenic spot consists of more than 20 scenic spots: Fenghuang Liuju array, Fenghuang platform, Fengzhu Linhai, youfenglaiyi, Fengyuan Pavilion, Yinfeng bridge, bainiaojianfeng, Jiujiu Shenjie, Shenfeng hall, Fenghuang seat, 18 divine totem pillars, Fenghuang Ji, liquantai, wudemen, Fenghuang story, Bainiaoyuan, fangshengtai, Chengfeng plank road, Qiangqiang Pavilion, bianlong corridor, Qiulou, etc.
Tianjia ancestral hall
Tianjia ancestral hall is located in laoyingshao Street on the North Bank of Tuojiang River. It was first built in 1837. It was donated by Tian Xingshu, a Miao nationality of Fenghuang nationality who was the imperial envoy and governor of Guizhou Province. At the beginning of the Republic of China, Xiangxi garrison envoy and KMT general Tian Yingzhao (the son of Tian Xingshu) spent a lot of money to complete the construction. This is a clan ancestral hall complex with strong national characteristics. There are gate, main hall, stage and more than 20 houses, as well as patio, Tianchi, cloister, also with "Wufu", "Liushun" two doors. There are six fan-shaped steps in front of the gate of the ancestral hall. In front of the terrace, there is a wide empty flat. There are three rooms on the left, middle and right of the gate. The middle gate is in the shape of an eight character. The second rooms on both sides are made of green bricks. There are a pair of stone elephants and a pair of stone drums, which are very imposing. The main hall of the ancestral hall is a combined framework of beam lifting and bucket piercing. It has a hard top with a height, depth and width of 20 meters. The pillars and footstones of the hall are stone drums. The cat arch is backed by the gable. The front door of the main hall is built with bluestone steps. The stage of Tianjia ancestral hall is an ancient building with six corners and flying eaves. It rests on the top of the mountain and is decorated with Ruyi Dougong. There are two times between the left and right. It is a place for the performers to have a rest.
Shen Congwen cemetery
The cemetery was originally named "Du Mu yuan", which was built by Tian Xingshu, a Miao nationality of Fenghuang nationality, who was an imperial envoy and governor of Yunnan and Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty. There is no raised grave soil or gorgeous decoration in the cemetery. An irregular natural five color boulder chiseled from the back of the tomb stands, which has become a unique symbol of Shen Congwen's tomb. The stone is 1.9 meters high and weighs more than 6 tons. In front of it is a copy of Shen Congwen's handwriting, engraved with Shen Laofu's philosophical statement: "if you think according to me, you can understand me, if you think according to me, you can know people." On the back is a book written by Professor Zhang Chonghe of Yale University and an elegiac couplet engraved by Professor Liu huansu, a famous sculptor of the Central Academy of fine arts, Shen Congwen's nephew and son-in-law. "If you do not break or obey, you will have a star in your heart; if you are kind and kind, you will be your only child." The last word of these four sentences is "let people know from the text".
Beimen ancient city building
It was built in Ming Dynasty. Phoenix North, commonly known as the North Gate Tower, the original name "Bihui.". Beimen ancient city building was built in Ming Dynasty. Phoenix yuan, Ming Dynasty for the five stockaded village chief secretary, there are Earth City. During the reign of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, Zhengan general was moved from Mayang to garrison here. In the 35th year of Jiajing (1556), Tucheng was transformed into a brick city, with four gates and buildings. In 1715, the brick city was transformed into a stone city, and the north gate was named "bihuimen", which has been preserved until now. The ancient city building in Beimen is built with local red sand stones, with exquisite workmanship and fine drilling. The gate is half moon arched with two iron sheets. Big round headed iron nails are closely riveted on the gate. The tower is built with green bricks, with double eaves on the top of the hill, a wooden structure with a bucket, and a rolling stone base. It's one hundred and eighty stories outside the city gate. It's a two story perimeter.
Chen Dounan residence
It was built in 1902 in the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. It is located at No.1 wujianong in the ancient city. It covers an area of 366.6 square meters between the East Gate Tower and the Yangjia ancestral hall. It is composed of Qianjin, Tianjing, Zhongtang and Houjin. It is a typical quadrangle courtyard in the south of the Yangtze River. Zhaiyuan was the general's residence in the period of the Republic of China. There were two major generals in Chen's residence, General Chen Dounan (1886-1931) and he long (1924-1925) from the 12th to the 13th year of the Republic of China
Chinese PinYin : Feng Huang
phoenix
